阳离子絮凝剂P(AM-DAC)的合成、表征及应用

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)为单体,过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,通过水溶液聚合的方法合成了阳离子絮凝剂P(AM-DAC)。探讨了单体配比、单体浓度、引发剂用量、反应时间、反应温度等因素对阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)主要性能的影响。实验得出了较佳的反应条件:聚合温度为70℃,引发剂用量为0.16%,单体配比m(AM):m(DAC)=1:8,总单体浓度为20%,反应时间3 h。在上述条件下,所得阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的特性黏数为18.692 4 dL/g,在其加入量为0.003%的条件下处理巡司河污水,上层清液透光率达90.7%,污泥脱水率达89.2%。并对该聚合物絮凝剂的结构和热行为进行了表征。     

接枝淀粉高分子絮凝剂的合成及其应用

本文研究了Ｃｅ（Ⅳ）／ＨＮＯ３引发体系下，丙烯酰胺──淀粉接枝共聚合反应的影响因素及最佳工艺条件，由此得到的接枝淀粉接技效率达到９４．９％，支链分子量超过３００万．对多种工业污水絮凝处理结果表明，ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率、污泥沉降速度均不逊于聚丙烯酰胺３００万产品．     

无机/有机高分子复合絮凝剂处理含油废水

制备了聚硅酸硫酸铝(PSAS)、淀粉改性絮凝剂(FSM),并将其复配使用处理含油废水。考察了不同淀粉与丙烯酰胺配比及不同加药顺序对絮凝效果的影响。实验结果表明:淀粉与丙烯酰胺单体最佳配比为1∶2,PSAS、淀粉改性高分子絮凝剂先后投加处理含油废水时絮凝效果最好,含油量去除率达94%,达到回注水要求。     

淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的水解特性及絮凝性能研究

研究了淀粉-接枝-聚丙烯酰胺(St-g-PAM)的水解特性及其絮凝处理效能,并与相近分子量阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺产品作比较.结果表明,无论单独使用还是与无机絮凝剂复配使用,阴离子型淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的处理效果均优于阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺;淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的水解度大于1 7%时水解度对絮凝处理效果的影响不大,且絮凝处理效果均很好,而聚丙烯酰胺的最佳水解度为30%,大于或小于该值絮凝处理效果都会明显变差.     

改性淀粉絮凝剂的性能研究

介绍了合成淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺淀粉改性高分子絮凝剂,考察了淀粉单体浓度、引发剂浓度、投料顺序对絮凝效果的影响,并将其处理模拟废水,考察了其絮凝性能。实验结果表明:引发剂浓度为3.0×10-3mol/L,淀粉用量为5g/200(mL.溶液),先加入引发剂后加入单体有利于接枝共聚。     

改性淀粉絮凝剂的研制及在污水处理中的应用

微波预辐射法和化学接枝法均可合成淀粉—丙烯酰胺接枝物 ,产物可经红外光谱证明。接枝物的絮凝性能受接枝物的浓度 ,絮凝时间及溶液酸度的影响 ,且化学接枝法合成的接枝物絮凝性能优于微波预辐射法合成的接枝物。将其用作絮凝剂处理生活污水 ,二者效果均优于国产聚丙烯酰胺。     

聚丙烯酰胺絮凝机理的研究

本文以均方根末端距做为聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)在水溶液中的形态参数,研究PAM达到最佳絮凝状态的形态条件,结果表明:采用PAM做絮凝剂处理水,可用形态参数均方根末端距做为控制条件,越大,PAM的絮凝效果越好,对确定的水中离子条件,可模拟出其,PAM投量0—1mg/L时能取得最佳效果,PAM的最佳水解度是54％。     

抗交联剂对聚丙烯酰胺分子量和絮凝性能的影响

采用K2S2O8/NaHSO3引发丙烯酰胺溶液聚合,探讨了抗交联剂甲酸钠对聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）的粘均分子量及絮凝性能的影响。研究结果表明：以K2S2O8/NaHSO3为引发剂,反应温度20℃,引发剂用量为0.5‰,丙烯酰胺单体浓度40%,抗交联剂用量为5ppm时,可获得最高粘均分子量达1.9×107的聚丙烯酰胺。絮凝实验结果表明：当抗交联剂用量为15ppm时,所合成的PAM的絮凝效果最好,上层液体的透光度可达95%以上。     

壳聚糖季铵盐絮凝剂处理丁苯橡胶废水的研究

以壳聚糖(CTS)为母体,3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)为改性剂,合成了壳聚糖季铵盐阳离子型高分子絮凝剂2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖(HTCC),以其对高岭土悬浊液的浊度去除率为指标优化合成条件,以HTCC分别与PAC及PAM复配,絮凝处理丁苯橡胶废水.结果表明,最佳合成条件为:质量比MCTS: MCTA: MNaOH =1:2:1.2、反应温度60℃、反应时间3h,在此条件下合成的HTCC对高岭土悬浊液的浊度去除率达96.46%;HTCC+PAC复配在pH6.0~8.0对丁苯橡胶废水的絮凝效果较好,出水余浊<2NTU,色度去除率达92.98%,COD去除率达32.0%;HTCC+PAM复配在pH5.0~8.9对丁苯橡胶废水的絮凝效果最好,余浊<3NTU,COD去除率46.0 %,且投药量小, pH适宜范围宽,优势比较明显.以HTCC与PAC、PAM分别复配处理丁苯橡胶废水可减轻后续生化处理的负荷,降低PAC、PAM的投加量,从而减小出水中残余铝和残余丙烯酰胺单体的含量.     

复配絮凝剂在餐饮废水中的应用研究

将聚丙烯酰胺 (PAM)和聚铁 (PFS)进行复配 ,分别以COD值和透光脉动值 (R)为技术指标 ,探讨了在处理餐饮废水过程中各种变化条件对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明 :PAM与PFS有一最佳复配比例 ,COD去除率达 90 %以上 ;在此絮凝剂条件下 ,投加方式、搅拌速度和浓度等对R值都有显著影响。     

改性壳聚糖CAD与微生物絮凝剂MBF8复配絮凝研究

采用水溶液自由基聚合反应,将丙烯酰胺(AM)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)接枝到壳聚糖分子上制成了阳离子改性壳聚糖(CAD).经FT-IR、XRD、zeta(ξ)电位、凝胶色谱等分析确定,CAD为淡黄色透明液体,pH值为3.7,相对分子质量为2.88×10⁶,阳离子度为16.7,等电点(0.1%溶液)约为pH值10.5,有效成分2.6%,主要特征官能团有羟基、氨基、季铵基和酰胺基, 呈不规则晶体结构.将CAD与相对分子质量3.67×10⁵的多糖类电负性微生物絮凝剂MBF8复配,对浊度12~460 NTU、离子强度3.0 mmol·L^-1的高岭土悬浊液进行烧杯实验.结果表明,MBF8与CAD的最佳使用方式为先投加MBF8后投加CAD,复配比5:3时效果最好,适用的pH范围为6.0~10.0.采用PAC(3.0 mg·L^-1)+MBF8+CAD(1.0 mg·L^-1)复配絮凝,pH=8.0下,对浊度为110 NTU的高岭土悬浊液,浊度去除率>97%,残余铝<0.08 mg·L^-1,絮体大、沉降快,絮凝效果优于PAC+分子量800万、1200万的阴离子PAM及分子量1500万的阳离子PAM.     

蒙脱土/聚丙烯酰胺杂化絮凝剂制备及絮凝性能研究

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)的阳离子交换反应制得有机化蒙脱土(O-MMT),通过硝酸铈铵引发丙烯酰胺单体在有机化蒙脱土片层间原位插层聚合制得蒙脱土/聚丙烯酰胺(MMT/PAM)杂化物. 同时,研究了引发剂用量、聚合反应时间和蒙脱土含量对杂化物特性粘数的影响,并用XRD、FTIR、TEM对Na-MMT、O-MMT和MMT/PAM杂化物进行结构表征. 最后实验对比了MMT/PAM杂化物与PAM对三氧化二铬悬浮液的絮凝效果. XRD、TEM结果显示,纳米尺寸大小的蒙脱土均匀地分散在PAM基体中. 絮凝实验结果显示,添加质量分数0.5％~5.0％MMT的MMT/PAM杂化物的絮凝效果优于纯PAM.     

Preparation and characterization of PVDF-glass fiber composite membrane reinforced by interfacial UV-grafting copolymerization

A novel inorganic–organic composite membrane,namely poly(vinylidene fluoride) PVDF-glass fiber(PGF) composite membrane,was prepared and reinforced by interfacial ultraviolet(UV)-grafting copolymerization to improve the interfacial bonding strength between the membrane layer and the glass fiber.The interfacial polymerization between inorganic–organic interfaces is a chemical cross-linking reaction that depends on the functionalized glass fiber with silane coupling(KH570) as the initiator and the polymer solution with acrylamide monomer(AM) as the grafting block.The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer-attenuated total reflectance(FTIR-ATR) spectra and the energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) pictures of the interface between the glass fiber and polymer matrix confirmed that the AM was grafted to the surface of the glass fiber fabric and that the grafting polymer was successfully embedded in the membrane matrix.The formation mechanisms,permeation,and anti-fouling performance of the PGF composite membrane were measured with different amounts of AM in the doping solutions.The results showed that the grafting composite membrane improved the interfacial bonding strength and permeability,and the peeling strength was improved by 32.6% for PGF composite membranes with an AM concentration at 2 wt.%.     

造纸黑液制备球形阳离子木质素吸附树脂

以造纸黑液中的碱木质素为原料,采用两步法制备球形阳离子木质素吸附树脂,并用扫描电镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对其进行表征.第1步以造纸黑液中的碱木质素为原料,利用反相悬浮法制备球形木质素珠体,通过正交实验得出以占木质素质量1.5%的环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,吐温80为分散剂(含量为木质素质量的3%),煤油为分散相,O/W相比为3∶1,反应温度为90℃,搅拌速度为200r/min,反应时间1h为球形木质素珠体制备的最佳条件.第2步利用丙烯酰胺对球形木质素珠体接枝,得出以H₂O₂/Fe²⁺为引发剂,丙烯酰胺浓度为0.72mol/L,室温反应2h为接枝的适宜条件,在此条件下可得到离子交换容量为1.6405mmol/g的阳离子木质素吸附树脂.     

Performances of biological aerated filter employing hollow fiber membrane segments of surface-improved poly （sulfone） as biofilm carriers

Using the surface of poly （sulfone） hollow fiber membrane segments as grafted layer, the hydrophilic acrylamide chain was grafted on by UV-photoinduced grafting polymerization. The gained improvement of surface wettability for the modified membrane was tested by measuring the contact-angle as well as FTIR spectra. Then correlation between the hydrophilic ability of support material and the biofilm adherence ability was demonstrated by comparing the pollutant removal rates from urban wastewater via two identical lab-scale up-flow biological aerated filters, one employed the surface wettability modified poly （sulfone） hollow fiber membrane segment as biofilm carder and the other employed unmodified membrane segment as biofilm carder. The experimental results showed that under the conditions of influent flux 5 L/h, hydraulic retention time 9 h and gas to liquid ratio （G/L） 10： 1, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand （COD） and ammonium nitrogen （NH4^＋-N） for the modified packing filter and the unmodified packing filter was averaged at 83.64% and 96.25%, respectively, with the former filter being 5%-20% more than the latter. The effluent concentration of COD, NH4^＋-N and turbidity for the modified packing filter was 25.25 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 8 NTU, respectively. Moreover, the ammonium nitrogen removal performance of the filter packing the modified PSF was compared with the other bioreactor packing of an efficient floating medium. The biomass test indicated that the modified membrane matrixes provided better specific adhesion （3310-5653 mg TSS/L support）, which gave a mean of 1000 mg TSS/L more than the unmodified membrane did. In addition, the phenomenon of simultaneous denitrification on the inner surface of the support and nitrification on the outer surface was found in this work.     

Beijing Tong Ren Tang Company Limited Scientific Research Institute, Beijing 100011, China

By dynamic method under UV irradiation,commercial melt-blown polypropylene(PPMB)filter element was modified with acrylamide(AAm)using benzophenone(BP)as initiator.Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope verified that polyacrylamide chain was grafted on the fiber surface of PPMB filter element.Elemental content analysis with energy dispersive X-ray of fibers revealed that the polymerization content in the inner part of filter element was relatively higher than that in the outer.Degree of grafting changed with initiator concentration,monomer concentration,reaction temperature and reached 2.6% at the reaction condition:C_(BP)=0.06 mol/L,C_(AAm)=2.0 mol/L,irradiation time:80 min,temperature: 60℃.Relative water flux altered with the hydrophilicity and pore size of filter element.In the antifouling test,the modified filter gave greater flux recovery(approximately 70%)after filtration of the water extract of Liuweidihuang,suggesting that the fouling layer was more easily reversible due to the hydrophilic nature of the modified filter.     

Photochemical surface modification of poly(arylsulfone) ultrafiltration membrane and covalent immobilization of enzyme

The sensitivity of poly(arylsulfone)(PSf) for UV irradiation in different solvents(water and ethanol) was investigated. It is confirmed that acrylic acid(AA) and acrylamide(AAm) are grafted only onto the surface of the membrane instead of the interior by FTIR and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The membrane performance (ΔJ/J0 and contact angle θ) after photografting was studied. In the range of conditions used, the grafting yield increases with irradiation time and monomer concentration growing. After photografting and N-3-dimethylaminopropyl-N‘-ethycarbodiimide hydrochloride(EDC) activation, PSf membrane was immobilized with hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase, and showed a higher activity than the control membrane.