共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
聚硅酸对不同形态铝沉积行为的影响 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
针对给水管网中残余铝沉积和再溶解现象可能引起的水质问题,研究了聚硅酸对不同水解聚合形态铝沉积、再溶解的影响,并以石英微晶天平为表征手段,初步探讨了聚硅酸对不同形态铝沉积、再溶解过程影响的机理.结果表明,聚硅酸能显著改变不同水解聚合形态铝的沉积、再溶解行为.聚硅酸可与3种水解聚合形态的铝迅速结合而生成可沉积产物,但产物性质不同.以单体形态为主的Al_0与聚硅酸的反应产物性质较稳定,部分以溶解态存在,部分以非溶解态(可沉积态)存在;尽管铝的两种聚合形态Al_(13)和Al_(30)与聚硅酸反应也生成了部分可沉积产物,但随着时间的推移,这些产物又逐渐向溶解态转化.铝硅比对Al_0体系中铝的沉积溶解行为影响较小,而对Al_(13)和Al_(30)影响较大,且在0.2∶20(以Al和SiO_2计的质量比)时,沉积态铝的溶解速率最快. 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
高铁酸盐去除水中消毒副产物前体物的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对含藻类水采用高铁酸盐强化混凝去除消毒副产物及其前体物的影响因素与预氯化进行了对比 ,结果表明 :投加 0 .42、0 .84、1 .40mg/L的高铁酸盐再与 30mg/L的聚合铝联用 ,对TOC为 6 .2mg/L的含藻类源水强化混凝的TOC去除率分别为 2 9.8%、32 .6 %、33 .5 % ,比单纯投加 50mg/L的聚合铝都高 ,显示高铁酸盐在一定用量范围内用量越大 ,强化混凝对TOC的去除率也越高 ;当高铁酸盐投加量一定时 ,水样的 pH值在 5~ 6之间时 ,强化混凝对TOC的去除率最高 ;高铁酸盐强化混凝的效果比预氯化好 ,并且产生THMS的量明显比预氯化少 ,是一种可取代预氯化对含藻类水处理的新药剂。 相似文献
7.
IPF-PACl混凝动力学研究:形态组成的重要性 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
应用一种新近发展起来的基于浊度脉动测定的混凝监测技术结合经改进的传统混凝烧杯试验方法 ,对具有不同形态组成的聚合铝 (PACl)产品的混凝性能进行了细致地研究 .结果表明 :聚合铝不同形态在混凝过程中起着十分重要的影响作用 .混凝反应途径随预制后产品形态分布的不同而得到改变 .其中 ,A1b 是起电中和作用的主要形态 .PACl中A1b 的含量越高 ,其电中和能力越强 ,因此大大增加了颗粒间的碰撞效率 .然而 ,PAC2 5则表现出更为优越的混凝性能 ,在于其中A1c 含量的不同而引发“静电簇”混凝效应 ,导致混凝的快速动力学过程 相似文献
8.
研究了模拟配水中硫酸铝和氯化铝2种传统铝凝聚剂和2种聚合氯化铝(PAC)絮凝剂在混凝过程中的形态转化规律以及原水浊度和溶解性有机碳(DOC)对残余铝形态分布的影响.结果表明,在低浊体系中,投加铝系混凝剂是导致出水余铝升高的主要原因;但在高浊体系中,铝系混凝剂,尤其是聚合铝具有一定的除铝功能;混凝沉淀过程中传统铝凝聚剂的残余铝总量明显高于聚合铝混凝剂的残余铝总量;聚合铝混凝剂的残余铝全部为悬浮态铝,传统铝混凝剂的残余铝中还存在着胶体态铝和溶解态铝.原水浊度和DOC浓度增加,会提高残余铝中胶体态铝和溶解态铝的含量. 相似文献
9.
研究了以粉煤灰为原料制备聚硅氯化铝(PASC)混凝剂的影响因素、产品性能和微观结构.选取A(碱化度)、B(n(Si):n(Al))、C(聚合温度)和D(反应时间)对混凝高岭土模拟废水后透光率进行四因素三水平响应面实验.最终优化方案为:A为1.18,B为5.64,C为47.40℃,D为2.48h,透光率预测值达86.58%,验证试验均值相对误差仅为0.18%,模型相关系数为0.9984,表明RSM优化模型可靠.混凝剂性能随投加量增加而不断增加,最终趋于稳定;随废水pH值增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势.XRD分析PASC主要物相为氯化钠,非晶态衍射峰形成预示着浸出液和聚硅酸加碱聚合形成了新的无定形物;FT-IR测试表明聚硅酸与Al3+及其水解产物间络合形成了金属-OH等非离子键;SEM显示产品为高聚集度和枝化度的空间网状结构. 相似文献
10.
应用Al-Ferron法于悬浮体系中聚合铝的形态分布表征,对其中的主要影响因素进行探讨,就不同碱化度聚合铝的形态分析进行实例研究.结果表明,混合方式对Al-Feron法的应用具有一定的影响作用.比色管混合测得Ala为21.54%,低于磁力搅拌方式结果(24.52%,25.22%,25.06%).应用磁力搅拌方式可以获取较好的重复性与更多初期反应信息.颗粒物的存在对反应的影响主要取决于其浓度与粒度分布,成一定线性关系,可以从中加以扣除.在本实验范围内因其溶解所产生的影响可以忽略不计.对多个碱化度聚合铝的实例研究表明,Al-Feron法完全适用于颗粒物悬浮体系中的形态分布表征 相似文献
11.
A novel membrane distillation concentration method was used to prepare high concentration polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with
high content of Alb or Alc. 2.52 mol/L PACl1 with 88% Alb and 2.38 mol/L PACl2 with 61% Alc were successfully prepared. Three
coagulants, AlCl3, PACl1 and PACl2 were investigated on their hydrolysis behavior and speciation under di erent conditions. The
e ects of pH and dilution ratio on Al species distribution were investigated by ferron assay. Experimental result showed that pH had a
significant e ect on Al species distribution for the three coagulants. Dilution ratio had little e ects on Alb and Alc distribution in whole
dilution process except the beginning for PACl1 and PACl2. The results indicated that transformation of Al depends largely on their
original composition. AlCl3 was the most unstable coagulant among these three coagulants during hydrolysis process. PACl1 and PACl2
with significant amounts of highly charged and stable polynuclear aluminum hydrolysis products were less a ected by the hydrolysis
conditions and could maintain high speciation stability under various conditions. 相似文献
12.
Aging of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulants could significantly influence hydrolyzed Al speciation ruling coagulation performance. The goal of this study was to investigate Al species transformation through long-term aging and its impact on coagulation performance. Two kinds of commercial coagulants (PACl-1 and PACl-2) were stored for in-situ aging tests in six months to evaluate Al species variation with time and the performance of coagulation with natural turbid waters. The results showed that CaSO4 precipitation easily occur in a commercial PACl coagulant with time as it contains SO42? and Ca2+. It also activates the precipitation of gibbsite Al(OH)3 in PACl with aging. Through 180 days aging, both monomeric Al (Ala) and polymeric Al (Alb) substantially transform into colloidal Al (Alc) and precipitated for both PACl coagulants. At low turbidity (10 NTU), PACl-1 has a superior turbidity reduction rate than PACl-2, while PACl-2 performs a little better turbidity reduction at high turbidity (1000 NTU) regardless of aging time. With aging time, an obvious decrease in turbidity reduction for PACl-1 coagulation is observed at low turbidity of 10 NTU, while the improvement in turbidity reduction for PACl-2 coagulation by enhanced sweep flocculation can be achieved as Alb mostly transform into Alc after 150 days aging. It is concluded that dominant in-situ formed Alc after a long time hydrolysis can improve PACl coagulation efficiency in turbidity reduction by enhanced sweep flocculation, especially for low turbidity water, but the increase in preformed Alc in PACl would worsen particle destabilization after aging. 相似文献
13.
Zhongguo Zhang Jun Wang Dan Liu Jiuyi Li Xiaolin Wang Boyu Song Bing Yue 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(7):162-169
The effects of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) hydrolysis prior to coagulation on both the coagulation zone and coagulation performance of a kaolin suspension were investigated by a novel jar test named the “reversed coagulation test”. The tests showed that PACl hydrolysis prior to coagulation decreased the performance of charge neutralization coagulation in the case of short-time slow mixing (10 min; G = 15 sec ?1 ) and increased the optimal dosage for charge neutralization and sweep coagulation. Moreover, the hydrolysis time had insignificant effects on the size and zeta potential of PACl precipitates and the residual turbidity of the raw water. However, PACl hydrolysis prior to coagulation and the size of PACl precipitates had a negligible effect on the performance of sweep coagulation.The results imply that, in practice, preparing a PACl solution with deionized water, rather than tap water or the outlet water from a wastewater treatment unit, can significantly save PACl consumption and improve the performance of charge neutralization coagulation,while preparing the PACl solution with tap or outlet water would not affect the performance of sweep coagulation. In addition, the optimal rapid mixing intensity appears to be deter-mined by a balance between the degree of coagulant hydrolysis before contacting the primary particles and the average size of flocs in the rapid mixing period. These results provide new insights into the role of PACl hydrolysis and will be useful for improving
coagulation efficiency. 相似文献
14.
Ruiping Liu Tingting Guo Min M Mingquan Yan Jing Qi Chengzhi Hu Gang Liu Huijuan Liu Jiuhui Qu Walter van der Meer 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(2):1-11
Coagulation is the best available method for removing intracellular organic matter (IOM), which is released from algae cells and is an important precursor to disinfection by-products in drinking water treatment. To gain insight into the best strategy to optimize IOM removal, the coagulation performance of two Al salts, i.e., aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl, containing 81.2% Al13), was investigated to illuminate the effect of Al species distribution on IOM removal. PACl showed better removal efficiency than AlCl3 with regard to the removal of turbidity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), owing to the higher charge neutralization effect and greater stability of pre-formed Al13 species. High pressure size exclusion chromatography analysis indicated that the superiority of PACl in DOC removal could be ascribed to the higher binding affinity between Al13 polymer and the low and medium molecular weight (MW) fractions of IOM. The results of differential log-transformed absorbance at 254 and 350?nm indicated more significant formation of complexes between AlCl3 and IOM, which benefits the removal of tryptophan-like proteins thereafter. Additionally, PACl showed more significant superiority compared to AlCl3 in the removal of < 5?kDa and hydrophilic fractions, which are widely viewed as the most difficult to remove by coagulation. This study provides insight into the interactions between Al species and IOM, and advances the optimization of coagulation for the removal of IOM in eutrophic water. 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
Ozone plays an important role as a disinfectant and oxidant in potable water treatment practice and is increasingly being used as a pre-oxidant before coagulation. The purpose of this study is to obtain insight into the mechanisms that are operative in pre-ozonized coagulation. Effects ofpre-ozonation on organic matter removal during coagulation with IPF-PAC1 were investigated by using PDA (photometric disperse analysis), apparent molecular weight distribution and chemical fractionation. The dynamic formation of flocs during coagulation process was detected. Changes of aquatic organic matter (AOM) structure resulted from the influence of pre-ozonation were evaluated. Results show that dosage of O3 and characteristics of AOM are two of the major factors influencing the performance of O3 on coagulation. No significant coagulation-aid effect of O3 was observed for all experiments using either A1C13 or PAC1. On the contrary, with the application of pre-ozonation, the coagulation efficiency of A1C13 was significantly deteriorated, reflected by the retardation of floc formation, and the removal decreases of turbidity, DOC, and UV254. However, if PACl was used instead of AlCl3, the adverse effects of pre-ozonation were mitigated obviously, particularly when the O3 dosage was less than 0.69 (mg O3/mg TOC). The difference between removals of UV254, and DOC indicated that pre-ozonation greatly changed the molecular structure of AOM, but its capability of mineralization was not remarkable. Only 5% or so DOC was removed by pre-ozonation at 0.6--0.8 mg/L alone. Fractionation results showed that the organic products of pre-ozonation exhibited lower molecular weight and more hydrophilicity, which impaired the removal of DOC in the following coagulation process. 相似文献
18.
紫外辐射对小分子有机酸化学凝聚性作用途径探讨 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
通过烧杯实验系统考察了紫外辐射对脂肪羧酸类和酚酸类小分子有机酸的化学凝聚性的作用途径.结果表明,溶液pH对柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸和丁二酸等脂肪羧酸类有机物的混凝性能影响较小.紫外辐射处理后,脂肪羧酸类小分子有机物的混凝去除率均高于未经紫外辐射处理的水样.进一步研究表明,紫外辐射过程中发生了光化学反应,使得脂肪羧酸的表面负电性降低,进而提高了其化学凝聚性.与脂肪类小分子有机酸不同,苯酚、水杨酸和苯甲酸的化学凝聚性较差,且受紫外辐射过程的影响小.单宁酸的混凝性能较好,pH=6时的去除率最高可达90%以上,这可能与其分子中脂肪酸碳链结构的存在以及单宁酸分子较大,易与PACl的水解产物发生吸附电中和反应有关. 相似文献