不同铁浓度对单细胞和群体铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

分别在限铁和富铁的条件下,比较研究了Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806(单细胞株)和M.aeruginosa XW01(群体株)2株铜绿微囊藻的生长、光合作用效率、铁载体分泌及其细胞对铁元素的积累.2株藻的ITS 序列相似性为95%,铁吸收调节蛋白基因fur的序列相似性为98%,二者具有很高的遗传相似性.研究表明,在限铁条件下单细胞株微囊藻生长受到抑制,在第 6 d藻体黄化死亡,但群体株在限铁条件下能维持一定的生长; 限铁条件下最大光能转化效率(F_v/F_m)群体株高于单细胞株,二者分别为0.182±0.014和0.160±0.017.群体株比单细胞株有更高的光合作用能力; 2株藻均可产生铁载体菌株,其铁载体类型为氧肟酸盐型.在限铁条件下,群体株比单细胞株产生更多的铁载体.通过测定藻体铁的含量,发现缺铁条件下藻体积累的铁含量不足富铁条件下的1/3,但不同铁浓度培养的2株藻之间铁含量差异不大.研究结果显示,群体株比单细胞株有更强的适应低铁环境的能力,其机制并非是由于二者对铁吸收和积累的差异导致,可能是由于单细胞株的其他生理代谢过程对细胞内低铁状态更为敏感.     

玄武湖微囊藻水华暴发及衰退期细菌群落变化分析

为探索微囊藻水华期间细菌群落的变化及了解水华的动态变化提供线索,采集玄武湖水华暴发及衰退期3个湖区内的水样,采用微生物传统方法,对水体中可培养细菌进行了分离鉴定,并通过变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE),对水体中细菌16S rDNA V3可变区的PCR扩增片段进行分离,分析了所得到的细菌群落特征DNA指纹图谱,并对其中的优势细菌进行16S rDNA 序列系统发育分析.结果表明,玄武湖微囊藻水华期间水体内细菌主要属于3大类群,包括Proteobacteria、Firmicutes和Baeteroides;水华暴发期,Firmicutes、Bacteroides、α-、β-、γ-Proteobacteria分别占总数的31.25%、25%、18.75%、12.5%、12.5%,优势菌为16种,生物多样性高;水华衰退期γ-Proteobacteria菌群比例上升至50%,其次为Firmicutes和α-Proteobacteria,分别占总数的33.3%和16.7%.水体内原有的Hydrogenophaga、Vogesella、Sphingomonas、Exiguobacterium等菌属消亡,优势菌种数减少至6种,但细菌数量增大;Pseudomonas与Bacillus在水华暴发和衰退期一直处于优势,但优势菌的种类发生改变;同一时期内,藻华相对密集的湖区优势菌种数相对较少,生物多样性相对较低.微囊藻水华暴发与衰退期水体中细菌群落的变化,可能与藻体聚集与消散而引起的水体中有机物浓度及形态等环境因子的变化有关,此外.藻体密集程度也可能对细菌群落生物多样性有一定影响.     

磷对常见淡水微囊藻释放β-环柠檬醛（β-cyclocitral）的影响

藻类释放的异味化合物导致水体嗅味问题已成为世界性的水环境问题之一,引起了社会的广泛关注.通过室内实验,研究了磷（P）对8种常见微囊藻（Microcystis）释放异味物质—β-环柠檬醛（β-cyclocitral）的影响.结果表明,P对微囊藻生长及释放β-cyclocitral有较大影响,其中,中低P浓度（0~0.5 mg·L^-1）有利于多数种类的微囊藻生长,但对藻类活性（F_v/F_m）的影响与叶绿素a（Chl-a）并不一致.铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）释放β-cyclocitral的能力与P浓度成正比,也是常见微囊藻中β-cyclocitral产率（β-cyclocitral/Chl-a）最高的藻类,可达34.2 ng·μg^-1, 其次为华美微囊藻（Microcystis elabens）达24.1 ng·μg^-1,惠氏微囊藻（Microcystis wesenbergii）的β-cyclocitral产率最低,仅为0.21 ng·μg^-1.数据分析表明不同种微囊藻,在不同P浓度下释放β-cyclocitral的巨大差异与其产率紧密相关,β-cyclocitral产率与藻类活性（F_v/F_m）紧密相关.结合文献报道的野外调查数据分析,同样表明在富营养化湖泊中随着P浓度的升高,铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）释放β-cyclocitral增加,与室内实验结果一致.本研究通过室内实验,揭示了P对不同微囊藻生长和活性影响的差异,是造成不同微囊藻释放β-cyclocitral差异的重要原因, 得出P是调节微囊藻释放β-cyclocitral的重要因素,这对富营养化水体中异味物质的防治有重要意义.     

海河天津段微囊藻及其毒素的空间分布及与水环境因子的关系

采取荧光定量PCR技术及ELISA酶联免疫吸附法,以mcyD基因和PC-IGS基因为靶基因对夏季蓝藻暴发期间海河天津市区段的产毒微囊藻种群丰度和毒素含量进行了研究.结果表明：夏季海河天津市区段微囊藻种群丰度具有明显差异性：产毒微囊藻种群丰度为1.16×10⁴~2.48×10⁷copies/mL占总微囊藻种群的4.25%~28.59%.藻毒素含量最高点为8号采样点天津站,每升水体中藻细胞共含毒素195.51μg,除去藻细胞水中毒素浓度为0.97μg/L.总的来说,海河天津市区段微囊藻总基因拷贝数较高,产毒微囊藻丰度在不同采样点间差异较大,影响水体中微囊藻丰度的最主要环境因素是pH值.海河水体中毒素含量没有超过安全阈值,但是单位体积水体中藻细胞内毒素含量很高,具有较高的毒素释放潜力,可能对下游河口生态系统造成潜在威胁.     

淀山湖水质富营养化和微囊藻毒素污染水平

研究淀山湖不同季节水体中总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、pH、水温、透明度(SD)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)含量和优势藻种等富营养化相关指标;在培养条件下,研究不同温度、光照、氮磷浓度对铜绿微囊藻的生长及微囊藻毒素LR(MC-LR)产生的影响;研究藻细胞密度和微囊藻毒素LR浓度的相关关系.结果表明:淀山湖水质已呈富营养化状态,春末和夏季水质和水文条件适合藻类生长.湖水TN和TP年平均值分别达1.93mg/L和0.18mg/L,TN和TP的年超标率达93.5%和92.2%.TP的高峰期比施肥的高峰期延迟出现约一个月,说明沿湖农业对富营养化指标的影响较大.淀山湖常年生长的藻类分别是蓝绿藻、硅藻、隐藻和裸藻等,夏季水华中可见污染指示藻如微囊藻、鱼腥藻和针杆藻等产毒藻.培养条件下,铜绿微囊藻在25℃和3000lx时生长最快,但产毒量却分别在20℃和5000lx时达到最大值;合适其生长和产毒的氮、磷浓度分别为650μmol/L和6.5μmol/L.现场和实验室条件下,均发现磷为藻类生长的限制因子,微囊藻毒素-LR浓度与藻细胞密度或铜绿微囊藻细胞密度之间存在正相关关系,提示可以用藻细胞密度来估算水中毒素的浓度.     

洱海水华期间饮用水源区产毒微囊藻和微囊藻毒素-LR的分布特征

水华期间微囊藻毒素的释放会严重影响洱海饮用水源水质安全.应用荧光定量PCR结合酶联免疫法快速检测洱海水华高发秋季(8—11月)主要旅游区和饮用水源地产毒微囊藻丰度和微囊藻毒素LR浓度.结果表明,荧光定量PCR方法能够快速定量洱海中总微囊藻种群和产毒微囊藻丰度,并且能有效预测洱海水体产毒潜能.洱海总微囊藻平均丰度为8.15×10~6copies·L~(-1),9月份均值最高,产毒微囊藻平均丰度为6.42×10~5copies·L~(-1),也于9月达到最高值,占总微囊藻的比例为1.0%~69.8%,水温和TP显著影响洱海总微囊藻丰度,低温、低P是洱海微囊藻水华的限制因子.洱海毒素峰值期为10月上旬,期间水源地微囊藻毒素和胞外微囊藻毒素全部检出,叶绿素a显著影响总微囊藻毒素和胞外微囊藻毒素分布,说明在一定程度上Chl a值能预测水体微囊藻释放的毒素风险.洱海总微囊藻毒素LR最高值达2.17μg·L~(-1),已超过集中式生活饮用水地表水源地对MC-LR的限值(1.0μg·L~(-1)),表明水华期间洱海饮用水水源安全问题不容忽视.     

人工生态系统对城市河流中抗生素和ARGs的去除

通过室内模拟河道系统,以阿奇霉素（AZM）、磺胺甲唑（SMZ）、环丙沙星（CIP）和四环素（TCY）这4种抗生素和抗性基因（ARGs）：磺胺类（sul1和sul2）、四环素类（tetX和tetM）、喹诺酮类（qnrS和qnrD）、大环内酯类（ermB）和16S rDNA为目标物,研究2种挺水植物和铜绿微囊藻组合（菖蒲+灯芯草、藻+灯芯草、藻+菖蒲和藻+菖蒲+灯芯草）的人工生态系统不同介质（水相、泥相和植物）中抗生素的变化特性、对常规污染物（COD、NH₄⁺-N、TP和TN）的去除效果以及在水相和泥相中ARGs的分布和去除效果.并通过物料衡算计算目标物的实际去除率,以及分析水相和泥相中ARGs丰度与环境因子之间的相关性.结果表明,所形成的人工生态系统对COD、NH₄⁺-N、TP和TN去除率范围分别为60.2%~74.8%、63.4%~77.4%、64.0%~73.2%和46.8%~54.8%;对水相中抗生素有明显的去除效果,藻+菖蒲+灯芯草组合的人工生态系统对4种抗生素去除率最好;对泥相中抗生素去除率依次为TCY > CIP > AZM > SMZ,其中藻+菖蒲+灯芯草组合对TCY去除率达到53.5%;对抗生素的实际总去除率大小依次为藻+菖蒲+灯芯草 > 藻+灯芯草 > 藻+菖蒲 > 菖蒲+灯芯草.4类ARGs去除效果较明显,水相中的去除率要高于泥相;ARGs与常规污染物以及抗生素之间存在不同的相关性,其中水相中tetX与环境因子、泥相中AZM与之对应ARGs的相关性不显著,说明ARGs既可以在对应抗生素压力下选择,也可以在其他类型环境压力下选择,抗生素含量并不是直接影响ARGs的传播.本研究表明挺水植物和铜绿微囊藻组合的人工生态系统可作为净化水质和改善城市河流中抗生素环境风险的有效手段.     

铜绿微囊藻生长的营养动力学

应用Monod方程考察氮、磷营养盐对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响.分别计算得到铜绿微囊藻对总磷的半饱和常数Ks_P与对总氮的半饱和常数Ks_N.结果表明:Ks_N>Ks_P,说明总磷对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响大于总氮.铜绿微囊藻的现存量(X)与特定增长率(μ)随着总磷或总氮浓度的升高而升高,但都存在拐点.当总磷或总氮为单一限制性底物时,铜绿微囊藻特定增长率快速增加的总磷与总氮浓度区间分别为:0.005～0.2mg/L与0.01～2mg/L;由于铜绿微囊藻对氮磷亲和力(半饱和常数)的不同,氮磷比对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响并不表现在一个确定值上,也不能用某一确定比例来衡量一个特定水环境中影响铜绿微囊藻生长的限制性营养元素,而应结合氮、磷浓度与氮磷比进行综合考察确定.     

黏土絮凝沉降铜绿微囊藻的动力学及其作用机理

研究了26种天然黏土矿物凝聚沉降铜绿微囊藻的动力学过程在投加量为0.7 g·L^-1时按平衡除藻率和除藻速率将26种黏土分成3类.第1类矿物(滑石、三氧化二铁、海泡石、四氧化三铁、高岭土等)的8 h平衡除藻率大于90%,去除50%藻细胞所需时间t₅₀＜30 min,去除80%藻细胞所需时间t₈₀＜2.5 h第2类黏土(轻质页岩、陶土、凹凸棒、累托土、伊利土等7种)的8 h平衡除藻率为50%～80%,t₅₀＜2.5 h,t80＞5 h.第3类黏土(铁矾土,云母,沸石、浮石、硅藻土、高钾长石和石英等14种)的8 h平衡除藻率低于50%,t₅₀>>8 h.当投加量逐步降低到0.2～0.1 g·L^-1时,25种黏土矿物的8 h平衡除藻率均降到60%以下,只有第1类黏土中的海泡石仍接近90%.与黏土相比,在0.02～0.2 g·L^-1投加量下单独使用聚合氯化铝(PAC)时的8 h平衡除藻率均低于40%.进一步对海泡石进行电性改性后发现,虽然黏土颗粒表面电位的提高(pH 7.4时,Zeta电位由-24.0 mV提高到+0.43 mV)可以显著加快海泡石的除藻速率,但其平衡除藻率并没有显著提高.在分析了本研究中的凝聚机理后提出:架桥网捕作用可能在黏土-藻凝聚过程中发挥了十分关键的作用,增强黏土对藻细胞的架桥网捕作用可能是今后进一步提高除藻效率、大幅度降低投加量的一个重要方向.     

不同溶剂提取芦竹化感物质对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

研究并比较了3种极性不同的有机溶剂(甲醇、乙酸乙酯、正己烷)提取的芦竹(Arundo donax Linn.)化感物质对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响.通过跟踪观察藻细胞形态,测定藻细胞密度和细胞大小,发现3种溶剂提取物对铜绿微囊藻均有抑制作用.抑藻作用出现早晚次序:甲醇提取物<乙酸乙酯提取物<正己烷提取物.随作用时间的延长,投加低浓度甲醇提取物藻细胞生长恢复明显,高浓度抑藻效果较乙酸乙酯提取物及正己烷提取物弱.高浓度乙酸乙酯提取物、正己烷提取物在分别作用2　d、 4 d　后,抑藻效果均接近100%.各溶剂提取物的半效应质量浓度(EC_50,6　d)分别为甲醇提取物0.17　 g·L^-1,乙酸乙酯提取物0.05 g·L^-1,正己烷提取物0.08 g·L^-1.研究同时发现,投加甲醇提取物藻细胞空洞化,投加乙酸乙酯提取物藻细胞空洞化、破碎以及部分抱团,投加正己烷提取物藻细胞出现褶皱及聚团现象.各溶剂提取物均引起铜绿微囊藻细胞体积减小,其中乙酸乙酯提取物的效果最强.     

太湖蓝藻水华期间水体和底泥中产毒微囊藻与非产毒微囊藻种群丰度研究

运用实时荧光定量PCR(Quantitative real-time PCR,QPCR)技术研究了太湖蓝藻水华期间不同湖区水体和底泥中产毒微囊藻与总微囊藻种群丰度.结果表明,湖区间产毒微囊藻种群和总微囊藻种群丰度明显不同:在水体中,竺山湾(N5)和梅梁湾(N2)产毒微囊藻和总微囊藻种群丰度高于贡湖湾(N4)和湖心(S4...     

Spatial heterogeneity of cyanobacterial communities and genetic variation of Microcystis populations within large, shallow eutrophic lakes (Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, China)

Cyanobacteria, specifically Microcystis, usually form massive blooms in eutrophic freshwater lakes. Cyanobacterial samples were collected from eight sites of both Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu in late summer to determine the diversity and distribution pattern of cyanobacteria and Microcystis in large, shallow, entropic lakes with significant spatial heterogeneity and long-term Microcystis bloom. Molecular methods based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and clone library analysis were used. A similar heterogeneous distribution pattern of cyanobacteria in both lakes was observed. Most parts of these two lakes with high trophic level were dominated by Microcystis. However, in the regions with low trophic levels as well as low concentrations of chlorophyll a, Synechococcus occupied a considerable percentage. Different morphospecies and genotypes dominated the bloom-forming Microcystis populations in these two lakes. Microcystis viridis and Microcystis novacekii were dominant in Lake Chaohu, whereas Microcystis flos-aquae was dominant in Lake Taihu. Only 2 of the13 Microcystis operational taxonomic units were shared between these two lakes. Analysis of molecular variance based on 16S to 23S internal transcribed spacer sequences indicated the significant genetic differentiation of Microcystis between these two lakes (F_st = 0.19, p < 0.001). However, only 19.46% of the genetic variability was explained by the population variation between lakes, whereas most (80.54%) of the genetic variability occurred within the lakes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed no phylogeographic structure of Microcystis population in these two lakes, as illustrated by their cosmopolitan nature. Our results revealed that spatial heterogeneity within lakes has more impact on the cyanobacterial diversity than geographical isolation in a local scale.     

Phylogenetic diversity and specificity of bacteria associated with Microcystis aeruginosa and other cyanobacteria

Interactions between bacteria and cyanobacteria have been suggested to have a potential to influence harmful algal bloom dynamics; however, little information on these interactions has been reported. In this study, the bacterial communities associated with five strains of Microcystis aeruginosa, three species of other Microcystis spp., and four representative species of non-Microcystis cyanobacteria were compared. Bacterial 16S rDNA fragments were amplified and separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) followed by DNA sequence analysis. The similarities among bacterial communities associated with these cyanobacteria were compared to the digitized DGGE profiles using the cluster analyses. The bacterial community structure of all cyanobacterial cultures di ered. Cluster analysis showed that the similarity values among M. aeruginosa cultures were higher than those of other cyanobacterial cultures. Sequence analysis of DGGE fragments indicated the presence of bacteria including, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria in the cyanobacterial cultures. Members of the Sphingomonadales were the prevalent group among the Microcystis-associated bacteria. The results provided further evidence for species-specific associations between cyanoabcteria and heterotrophic bacteria, which are useful for understanding interactions between Microcystis and their associated bacteria.     

Quantification of microcystin-producing and non-microcystin producing Microcystis populations during the 2009 and 2010 blooms in Lake Taihu using quantitative real-time PCR

Lake Taihu, a large, shallow hypertrophic freshwater lake in eastern China, has experienced lake-wide toxic cyanobacterial blooms annually during summer season in the past decades. Spatial changes in the abundance of hepatotoxin microcystin-producing and non-microcystin producing Microcystis populations were investigated in the lake in August of 2009 and 2010. To monitor the densities of the total Microcystis population and the potential microcystin-producing subpopulation, we used a quantitative real-time PCR assay targeting the phycocyanin intergenic spacer (PC-IGS) and the microcystin synthetase gene (mcyD), respectively. On the basis of quantification by real-time PCR analysis, the abundance of potential toxic Microcystis genotypes and the ratio of the mcyD subpopulation to the total Microcystis varied significantly, from 4.08× 10⁴ to 5.22× 10⁷ copies/mL, from 5.7% to 65.8%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between chlorophyll-a, toxic Microcystis and total Microcystis; the abundance of toxic Microcystis correlated positively with total phosphorus and ortho-phosphate concentrations, but negatively with TN:TP ratio and nitrate concentrations. Meanwhile the proportion of potential toxic genotypes within Microcystis population showed positive correlation with total phosphorus and ortho-phosphate concentrations. Our data suggest that increased phosphorus loading may be a significant factor promoting the occurrence of toxic Microcystis bloom in Lake Taihu.     

Isolation, identification and characterization of an algicidal bacterium from Lake Taihu and preliminary studies on its algicidal compounds

In an effort to identify a bio-agent capable of controlling cyanobacterial blooms, we isolated a bacterial strain, A27, which exhibited strong algicidal activity against the dominant bloom-forming species of Microcystis aeruginosa in Lake Taihu. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain belongs to the genus Exiguobacterium. This is the first report of an algicidal bacterial strain belonging to the genus Exiguobacterium. Strain A27 exhibited algicidal activity against a broad range of cyanobacteria, but elicited little or no algicidal activity against the two green algal strains tested. The algicidal activity of strain A27 was shown to be dependent on the density of the bacteria and to have a threshold density of 1.5× 10⁶ CFU/mL. Our data also showed that the algicidal activity of strain A27 depended on different growth stages of Microcystis aeruginosa (exponential ≈ lag phase > early stationary) rather than that of the bacterium itself. Our results also suggested the algicidal activity of strain A27 occurred via the production of extracellular algicidal compounds. Investigation of the algicidal compounds revealed that there were at least two different algicidal compounds produced by strain A27. These results indicated that strain A27 has great potential for use in the control of outbreaks of cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu.     

微囊藻毒素分离及鉴定

微囊藻毒素是一类由蓝藻产生的具有肝毒性的生物毒素。微囊藻毒素标准品是开展为微囊藻毒素相关研究的必需的实验材料,文章以滇池天然水华蓝藻为原料,建立了以5%乙酸和75%的甲醇溶液提取,通过优化提取、分离和制备条件,制备了一定量的微囊藻毒素高纯度样品,经HPLC鉴定分析,纯度可达90%以上。文章在相同的质谱条件下分别对MC-LR和[Dha7]MC-LR等毒素进行了质谱检测,一级质谱结果表明,MC-LR和[Dha7]MC-LR的一价电离离子峰分别为995和981,MC-RR的二价电离离子峰为520,并分析它们的二级质谱裂解特征,确定三种毒素化学结构MC-RR为环(Ala-Arg-MeAsp-Arg-Adda-Glu-Mdha)、MC-LR为环(Ala-Leu-MeAsp-Arg-Adda-Glu-Mdha)、[Dha7]MC-LR为环(Ala-Leu-MeAsp-Arg-Adda-Glu-Dha)。改良后的检测方法同样应用于检测受微囊藻毒素污染的武汉东湖水样。     

滇池水华特征及成因分析

滇池水华的规模大,持续时间长。水华的主要种类是蓝藻门的微囊藻属,其中以铜绿微囊藻占绝对优势。每年4～11月为水华发生期,常在外草海南部、海埂、灰湾一带形成大面积水华,盛时可遍及全湖,水体表层藻类叶绿素含量高达5 000 mg/m3。滇池水体中高含量的N和P营养物在水华的形成中起着关键作用,适宜的温度及充足的光照为水华的频发提供了有利条件,并且随着滇池富营养化的加剧及水温逐年升高,将促使水华暴发日趋严重。      

氮磷营养盐水平对灰化薹草浸泡液化感抑藻的影响

为了解不同氮、磷营养盐水平下植物化感作用对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响,以鄱阳湖洲滩优势植物灰化薹草为研究对象,在室内控温、控光无菌条件下,采用锥形瓶批式培养法,分别观测3组氮、磷营养盐水平〔5.0、0.5 mg/L（超富营养）;2.0、0.2 mg/L（富营养）;1.0、0.1 mg/L（中营养）〕条件下,灰化薹草质量浓度（以干质量计）为0（对照组）、0.05、0.1、1.5、3和6 g/L时,培养液中铜绿微囊藻细胞密度.通过对比分析铜绿微囊藻的生长曲线、最大比增长率和抑制率得到不同培养条件下铜绿微囊藻生长特征的差异.结果表明:在超富营养和富营养水平下,灰化薹草浸泡液对铜绿微囊藻的生长均呈现“低促高抑”现象,抑制率分别在-23.3%~26.1%和-10%~76.5%之间,由促转抑时灰化薹草质量浓度分别为3和1.5 g/L;而在中营养水平下抑制铜绿微囊藻生长,抑制率在1.6%~85.6%之间.铜绿微囊藻最大比增长速率随氮、磷营养盐水平表现为超富营养（0.81~0.88 d-1）>富营养（0.55~0.80 d-1）>中营养（0.40~0.76 d-1）.相同灰化薹草质量浓度对铜绿微囊藻的化感抑制作用,随氮、磷营养盐水平的增加而降低.3组氮、磷营养盐水平间最大比增长速率的差值,随灰化薹草质量浓度的增加而增大.研究显示,水体氮、磷营养盐对植物化感抑藻起着重要作用,因此利用植物化感控藻效果需综合考虑水体氮、磷质量浓度.      

Effect of phosphorus fluctuation caused by river water dilution in eutrophic lake on competition between blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa and diatom Cyclotella sp.

Tega-numa (Lake Tega) is one of the eutrophic lakes in Japan. For the improvement of water quality in Lake Tega, the Northchiba Water Conveyance Channel was constructed in 2000, which transfer water from Tone River into the lake. After 2000, the dominant species of diatoms, mainly Cyclotella sp., have been replacing blue-green algae, mainly Microcystis aeruginosa in Lake Tega. This transition of dominant species would be due to the dilution, but the detail mechanism has not been understood yet. This study examined the relationship between phosphorus fluctuation caused by river water dilution to Lake Tega and dominance of algal species, M. aeruginosa or Cyclotella sp. based on the single-species and the mixed-species culture experiments. The single-species culture experiment showed that the half-saturation constant and uptake rate of phosphorus were one order lower and seven times higher for M. aeruginosa than those for Cyclotella sp. These findings implied that M. aeruginosa would possess a potential for the growth and survival over Cyclotella sp. in the phosphorus limited condition. The superiority of M. aeruginosa was reflected in the outcome of the mixed-species culture experiment, i.e., dominance of M. aeruginosa, even phosphorus concentration was lowered to 0.01 mg-P/L. Therefore, it could be concluded that the decrease in phosphorus concentration due to the river water dilution to Lake Tega would be interpreted as a minor factor for the transition of dominant species from M. aeruginosa to Cyclotella sp.     

野外模拟扰动方式对太湖浮游植物群落结构的影响

浮游植物是水生生态系统的重要生产者,扰动是水体的固有特征.为探究扰动方式对浮游植物的影响,通过野外模拟试验探讨不同扰动方式（持续扰动和间歇扰动）对太湖浮游植物的影响,并在试验期间测定各扰动条件下浮游植物生长和群落结构变化情况.结果表明:①对照组、间歇扰动组和持续扰动组中浮游植物平均生物量分别为5.92、19.42、58.27 mg/L,平均细胞密度为1.06×108、1.23×108、3.48×108 L-1,持续扰动组浮游植物生物量和细胞密度显著高于对照组和间歇扰动组.②在间歇扰动组中,浮游植物优势种始终是微囊藻,其占比平均值为84.61%;对照组和持续扰动组中,浮游植物主要优势种由微囊藻逐渐转变为湖生伪鱼腥藻,其中微囊藻占比从试验开始时的77.84%到试验结束时分别降至4.72%和5.62%,而湖生伪鱼腥藻从试验开始时的0.55%到试验结束时分别升至94.40%和90.52%.③对照组、间歇扰动组和持续扰动组中Shannon-Wiener指数分别为1.02、1.03和1.63,持续扰动组显著高于对照组和间歇扰动组.研究显示,在该试验条件下,间歇扰动有利于维持微囊藻在太湖浮游植物中的优势地位,同时表明扰动方式显著影响太湖浮游植物生长和群落结构.