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1.
铅对人体的危害   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
铅中毒不仅使中毒者本人受害,而且影响家属和后代,接触了铅的胎儿可能死亡或发育畸形.双亲任何一方是接触铅的,子女往往大脑迟钝,行动失调,并且容易夭折.铅对儿童的威胁尤其突出,已成为一个严重的环境问题.提倡科学、安全用铅,既要在宏观上尽量根除和避免铅的污染源,又要在微观上人人自已保护自己,拒铅于"千里之外".  相似文献   

2.
湿地是地球表层最具独特的生态系统和过渡性景观,是地球表层系统最重要的"物种基因库",又是人类重要的经济、文化、科学和生活资料库.世界保护大纲将湿地与森林、海洋一起并列为全球三大生态系统.20世纪70年代以来,全球性的湿地消失和退化危机引发了严重的生态环境和社会问题,直接威胁到区域、国家乃至全球的可持续发展.本文从湿地的界定开始,分析了我国湿地的退化、保护与恢复,相信在我国政府和人民的共同努力下,我国湿地一定会恢复往日的景象.  相似文献   

3.
流域污染防治需要公众的参与监督 《2006中国环境状况公报》显示,2006年,全国地表水总体水质属中度污染,其中,松花江、黄河、淮河为中度污染,辽河、海河为重度污染,巢湖水质为Ⅴ类,太湖和滇池为劣Ⅴ类,引起社会高度关注.2007年入夏以来,太湖、滇池、巢湖的蓝藻接连暴发,一定程度上标志着我国进入了水污染密集暴发阶段.  相似文献   

4.
奕典 《安全.健康和环境》2006,6(3):I0001-I0001
新华社消息,爱尔兰媒体3月6日报道,爱尔兰艺术、体育和旅游部长约翰·奥多诺休5日上午来到西南部城市科克的机场,准备搭乘本国瑞安航空公司的一趟航班,但因没有携带含照片身份证件而被拒绝登机.科克机场官员曾经试图为奥多诺休和航空公司作调停,但瑞安航空公司拒绝为现行政策开设特例,并发表声明强调,要求使用带照片证件,"符合所有乘客的安全利益".  相似文献   

5.
吴博任 《环境》2007,(9):54-55
植物、动物、微生物都是生物质.生物质中蕴藏的能量,被称为生物质能.但是,只有植物才是生物质和生物质能的"创建者".在太阳光的作用下,植物发生"光合作用",将水和CO2生成有机质,即生物质;将太阳能转化为化学能储存在生物质中,成为生物质能.当生物质分解时,蕴藏其中的化学能就会释放出来(如燃料燃烧发热),或转变成其它形成的化学能(如生成沼气).由此可知,植物的光合作用会把碳固定下来,转变成有机生物质.  相似文献   

6.
殡仪馆存在的环境污染问题日益受到公众和环保工作者的重视,其中以空气中存在的致病菌和遗体火化产生的废气为主.监测殡仪馆环境中存在的细菌总数以及遗体火化所排放的NOx,SO2,CO等污染物,并对采取控制措施前后的监测值进行对比,为治理殡仪馆环境污染,保护殡葬职工和死者家属的健康提供了科学依据.  相似文献   

7.
浅谈国际钻井施工现场HSE管理   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
中原石油勘探局(英文缩写ZPEB)从2000年开始进入也门市场,目前已经发展成为拥有4台钻机,3台修井机的最具实力的知名钻井承包商.经过几年的钻井施工,先后与MOL、TOTAL、DNO、DOVE、PREUSSAC、OIL SEARCH、ENCANA、PERTONAS和OMV公司进行了合作.在合作过程中,甲方"以人为本、安全第一"的HSE管理理念,迅速促进了ZPEB的HSE管理水平的大幅度提高.钻井施工优质、安全、高效,逐渐赢得了石油公司的信任和青睐.  相似文献   

8.
把脉城中湖     
单力 《环境》2007,(8):16-18
湖泊的一个重要作用,就在于能够蓄洪防涝,并且具有调节区域温度的作用.在一片由钢筋水泥筑成的石屎森林里,湖泊的存在就像是沙漠中的绿洲,其重要性不言而喻.城中湖的形成原因多种多样,有的是先有湖泊后有城市,有的是城市建设过程中形成的人工湖.  相似文献   

9.
本文对臭氧在控制膜污染方面的研究现状进行了综述,重点放在臭氧用于膜冲洗和臭氧用于过滤液预处理这两个方面;指明了在一定的条件下,臭氧可以有效地减缓、降低膜污染;臭氧控制膜污染的作用主要通过臭氧降解造成膜污染的有机物质来实现.此外,还介绍了一些臭氧与膜联用的开发应用情况.  相似文献   

10.
本文用物理及化学方法研究了废旧电脑线路板的处理回收工艺.首先通过粉碎机将线路板破碎,在不同破碎时间和转速下,对筛分后各粒级的产物作累积产率曲线,得到理想的破碎时间和转速,然后利用液体对破碎的物料进行浮选,量化分析铜与非金属的解高程度,最后通过碘量法检测浮选后铜的回收情况.实验结果表明:在R>2000 rpm的条件下线路板粉碎120s,采用三溴甲烷作浮选液,进行液体浮选,在dp<0.074 mm的细粒级中,主要是玻璃纤维和碳化硅等非金属物质,线路板中的铜主要富集在0.84~0.125 mm粒级中,在0.84~0.42 mm粒级中,铜的回收率可达到97.89%.  相似文献   

11.
This study compares the accumulation of Cr(VI) and biochemical changes (total chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and cysteine contents) and roles of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) in tolerance to metal induced stress in Cucumis utillissimus L. grown in Cr contaminated soil (CS) with garden soil (GS). Furthermore, Cr bioavailability was enhanced by ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) addition to the soil to forecast the plant’s accumulation pattern at elevated Cr environment. Accumulation of Cr in the leaves of the plant increased with increase in substrate metals concentration. It further increased with the addition of EDTA by 1437% and 487% in GS and CS, respectively at the highest treatment level. The lipid peroxidation increased proportionately with increase in Cr accumulation in the leaves. All the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX and APX) and the level of cysteine increased with dose dependant manner. SOD and cysteine were observed to be higher in the GS than in CS, but APX and GPX were found to be higher in CS than in GS. The increase in GPX and APX activities with the increase in Cr concentration could be assumed that these two enzymes have a major role in the defense mechanism towards stress induced by Cr in C. utillissimus.  相似文献   

12.
The toxic effects of Cr(Vl) on antioxidant enzymes of Oxya chinensis(Orthoptera: Acridoidae) were determined. Changes in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase(GPx) were measured in O. chinensis insects injected with Cr(VI). Fifth-nymphs of O. chinensis insects were injected with Cr(VI) with different concentrations (0, 75, 150, 225, 300, 375, 450 mg/kg of body weight). The results showed that Cr(VI) led to the change of SOD, CAT, and GPx activities at different concentrations, which revealed that: (1) The oxidative stress of SOD increased with the increase of Cr (VI) concentration. (2) With the increase of Cr (VI) concentrations, CAT activities for females increased at lower concentrations, but decreased at higher concentration range, which indicated that antioxidant system of O. chinensis was not influenced by the presence of Cr (VI). A very similar response to Cr(VI) effect for males indicated that Cr(VI) concentrations were not high enough to damage O. chinensis in terms of CAT. (3) The GPx activity for females increased in all treatments, which revealed that the damage power of Cr(VI) was increased with the increase of Cr(Vi) concentrations in terms of GPx, but the effect was not so remarkable. There was not a consistent trend of GPx activities for males in all treatments of Cr(VI). Cr(VI)-induced changes in antioxidant enzymes were different for SOD, CAT and GPx, of which the tendency was that activities generally changed with increase of concentrations of Cr(VI) suggesting SOD, CAT, and GPx could serve as indices of oxidative stress to some extent.  相似文献   

13.
Cr(VI)是一种毒性极强的重金属,利用微生物还原Cr(VI)为Cr(III)是解决Cr(VI)污染的一条有效途径。菌株Enterobacter sp. L6是一株分离自海洋沉积物中的异化铁还原细菌。接种时细胞密度A600为(0.25±0.03),培养12 h,A600达到(1.04±0.05),累积产生Fe(II)浓度为(0.80±0.03)mmol/L;随着培养时间的延长,细胞密度A600和累积产生Fe(II)浓度开始下降;培养36 h时,细胞密度A600为(0.81±0.04),累积Fe(II)浓度(0.63±0.01)mmol/L。在厌氧培养过程中,菌株L6细胞生长与异化还原Fe(III)性质存在明显的偶联关系。利用菌株L6的异化铁还原性质还原Cr(VI)的实验结果表明,在Cr(VI)浓度0~24 mg/L范围内,异化铁还原细菌L6都能进行细胞生长并还原Cr(VI)。Cr(VI)浓度为4、8和12 mg/L时,菌株L6对Cr(VI)还原率可达到100%,当Cr(VI)浓度为16 mg/L时,Cr(VI)还原率是参比[未添加Fe(III)]的2.11倍。Cr(VI)浓度为20、24 mg/L时,仍能够还原Cr(VI)。以Fe(III)为电子受体的异化铁还原细菌能明显提高Cr(VI)还原率,这为利用微生物修复Cr(VI)污染提供实验数据支持。  相似文献   

14.
Pollutants that exist in anionic species are issues of concern in water treatment. Compared to cationic pollutants, the removal of anionic pollutants by adsorption is more difficult because most adsorbents carry predominantly negative charges in neutral and alkaline environments. In this study, a cross-linked chitosan derivative with quaternary ammonium and magnetic properties(QM-chitosan) was prepared and employed to remove chromium(VI) and phosphorus(V)(Cr(VI) and P(V)) from aqueous environments. The QM-chitosan was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FT-IR),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), energy dispersive X-ray(SEM-EDX) and zeta potential.Batch experiments show that QM-chitosan can effectively remove Cr(VI) and P(V), and the main mechanism was believed to be electrostatic interaction. A pseudosecond-order model was fitted to describe the kinetic processes of Cr(VI) and P(V) removal. The adsorption isotherms of both Cr(VI) and P(V) on the QM-chitosan were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm equation. The saturated adsorption capacity of P(V)(2.783 mmol/g) was found to be higher than that of Cr(VI)(2.323 mmol/g), resulting from the size of the H2PO-4ions being smaller than that of the HCr O-4ions. However, the theoretical calculation and experimental results showed that QM-chitosan had a stronger affinity for Cr(VI) than P(V). The adsorption–desorption of the QM-chitosan was evaluated, and high regeneration rates were demonstrated.  相似文献   

15.
研究了氯氰菊酯对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)生长、细胞内含物(可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖)及抗氧化酶类(超氧化物歧化酶,SOD)、膜脂氧化产物(丙二醛,MDA)的影响.结果表明,在氯氰菊酯暴露下,藻细胞的生长受到不同程度的抑制,且抑制程度随氯氰菊酯浓度的增大而增大,氯氰菊酯对蛋白核小球藻生长的72h半效应浓度(EC50)为4.89mg·L-1.藻细胞所有生理生化指标对氯氰菊酯响应迅速,在暴露初期较为敏感,24h后趋于平稳.其中,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量上升,中等浓度组(3.2,5.6mg·L-1)上升趋势最为显著.SOD活性则呈现出低浓度(1.0,1.8mg·L-1)促进、高浓度(>3.2mg·L-1)抑制效应.氯氰菊酯可使藻体内丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,氯氰菊酯浓度越高,藻体内MDA含量越高.研究结果表明,对藻细胞SOD活性的抑制及膜脂过氧化可能是氯氰菊酯对蛋白核小球藻产生毒害作用的重要原因.  相似文献   

16.
Mg–Al–Cl layered double hydroxide (Cl-LDH) was prepared to simultaneously remove Cu(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The coexisting Cu(II) (20 mg/L) and Cr(VI) (40 mg/L) were completely removed within 30 min by Cl-LDH in a dosage of 2.0 g/L; the removal rate of Cu(II) was accelerated in the presence of Cr(VI). Moreover, compared with the adsorption of single Cu(II) or Cr(VI), the adsorption capacities of Cl-LDH for Cu(II) and Cr(VI) can be improved by 81.05% and 49.56%, respectively, in the case of coexisting Cu(II) (200 mg/L) and Cr(VI) (400 mg/L). The affecting factors (such as solution initial pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time) have been systematically investigated. Besides, the changes of pH values and the concentrations of Mg2+ and Al3+ in relevant solutions were monitored. To get the underlying mechanism, the Cl-LDH samples before and after adsorption were thoroughly characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. On the basis of these analyses, a possible mechanism was proposed. The coadsorption process involves anion exchange of Cr(VI) with Cl in Cl-LDH interlayer, isomorphic substitution of Mg2+ with Cu2+, formation of Cu2Cl(OH)3 precipitation, and the adsorption of Cr(VI) by Cu2Cl(OH)3. This work provides a new insight into simultaneous removal of heavy metal cations and anions from wastewater by Cl-LDH.  相似文献   

17.
本研究通过引入沼生植物香蒲构建植物微生物燃料电池系统(P-MFC)修复Cr(VI)污染湿地土壤,考察了植物、不同初始Cr(VI)浓度对系统产电及去除效率的影响.结果显示,香蒲种植能显著提高P-MFC运行性能,系统最大功率密度与Cr(VI)去除率分别提高至23.83 mW·m~(-2)、33.01%,随着Cr(VI)暴露浓度的升高,系统运行性能降低.利用P-MFC修复Cr(VI)污染土壤过程中,电化学还原作用是Cr(VI)去除的主要机制,近90%的Cr(VI)通过电化学还原去除,系统中0.3%~1.86%的Cr(VI)被香蒲吸收富集,3.5%~9.5%的Cr(VI)被微生物与还原性有机物直接还原.通过高通量测序技术分析发现,香蒲种植与低浓度Cr(VI)暴露下阳极微生物群落多样性较大,优势门类Proteobacteria相对丰度最高为63.9%,较未种植香蒲与高浓度Cr(VI)暴露条件下提高了3.4%~19.0%,电化学活性微生物Geobacter相对丰度最高为12.4%,较未种植香蒲与高浓度Cr(VI)暴露条件下提高了4.4%~6.8%.系统中对Cr(VI)具有较强耐受性与还原能力的Acinetobacter、Bacillus占有较大比例,且相对丰度随暴露浓度升高而增大,最高分别为19.0%、14.4%,进一步说明微生物群落在Cr(VI)去除上发挥了一定作用.上述结果表明,P-MFC在去除湿地土壤Cr(VI)污染方面具有良好的潜力.  相似文献   

18.
Lagerstroemia speciosa bark (LB) embedded magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ salt solution with ammonia and LB for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution. The native LB, magnetic nanoparticle (MNP), L. speciosa embedded magnetic nanoparticle (MNPLB) and Cr(VI) adsorbed MNPLB particles were characterized by SEM–EDX, TEM, BET-surface area, FT-IR, XRD and TGA methods. TEM analysis confirmed nearly spherical shape of MNP with an average diameter of 8.76 nm and the surface modification did not result in the phase change of MNP as established by XRD analysis, while led to the formation of secondary particles of MNPLB with diameter of 18.54 nm. Characterization results revealed covalent binding between the hydroxyl group of MNP and carboxyl group of LB particles and further confirmed its physico-chemical nature favorable for Cr(VI) adsorption. The Cr(VI) adsorption on to MNPLB particle as an adsorbent was tested under different contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration, adsorbent dose, initial pH, temperature and agitation speed. The results of the equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption were well described by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order model, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters suggest spontaneous and endothermic nature of Cr(VI) adsorption onto MNPLB. The maximum adsorption capacity for MNPLB was calculated to be 434.78 mg/g and these particles even after Cr(VI) adsorption were collected effortlessly from the aqueous solution by a magnet. The desorption of Cr(VI)-adsorbed MNPLB was found to be more than 93.72% with spent MNPLB depicting eleven successive adsorption–desorption cycles.  相似文献   

19.
镉胁迫下小麦叶中超氧阴离子自由基的积累   总被引:106,自引:0,他引:106  
在镉腔迫下,小麦中中超氧阴离子自由基的积累显增加,伴随MDA含量升高,显示发生膜脂过氧化。镉腔迫使活性氧清降酶系统功能紊乱,其中SOD酶活性下降,POD酶活性升高,在是CAT酶活无显变化。  相似文献   

20.
纳米二氧化钛胁迫对普生轮藻的毒性效应   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
纳米材料独特的理化性质使其得到了广泛的应用,但其可能带来的生物安全性问题也引起了广泛关注.实验研究了胁迫浓度梯度为0、0.01、0.10、1.0、10、100mg.L-1的纳米二氧化钛(nTiO2)悬浮液单一处理普生轮藻(CharavulgarisL.)的毒性效应,在胁迫24h、48h、72h、96h后分别测定其叶绿素a含量、脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性.结果表明,随着胁迫浓度的增加和时间的延长,叶绿素a含量、SOD和CAT活性总体呈下降趋势,而MDA含量呈递增趋势,高浓度剂量组与对照组比较差异极显著,酶的活性降幅也较大,说明急性nTiO2暴露对普生轮藻具有毒性作用,且表现出剂量效应.  相似文献   

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