首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
序批式生物反应器填埋场脱氮微生物多样性分析   总被引:7,自引:6,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为探究序批式生物反应器填埋场脱氮过程中的微生物作用机制,本研究采用建立脱氮功能基因(amoA、nosZ)克隆文库及PCR-RFLP技术对序批式生物反应器填埋场垃圾稳定化后期的主要脱氮功能微生物多样性进行分析.结果表明,矿化垃圾反应器中检测到的氨氧化细菌存在高度多样性,大部分为未知类群,且均为不可培养菌或未经分离获得的细菌,经系统发育树分析系统内氨氧化细菌以β-变形菌门中的亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas)为主;新鲜垃圾反应器中反硝化细菌种群丰富,主要有β-变形菌纲中的陶厄氏菌属(Thauera)和硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus).Thauera属在好氧条件下具有反硝化特性,Thiobacillus属中的脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillus denitrificans)是一种硫自养反硝化菌,可见新鲜垃圾单元稳定化后期以好氧反硝化和自养反硝化的脱氮途径为主.此外文库中检测到的一部分反硝化细菌可能归属于α-变形菌纲的慢生根瘤菌科(Bradyrhizobiaceae).  相似文献   

2.
对1株具有铁氧化和好氧反硝化功能的反硝化无色杆菌2-5(Achromobacter denitrificans strain 2-5)强化SBR反应器脱氮性能与细菌群落结构的影响进行研究。结果表明:在SBR反应器中,添加Fe0和Achromobacter denitrificans strain 2-5能提高SBR反应器对NH4+-N和TN的去除效果,与普通SBR反应器相比,NH4+-N和TN的平均去除率分别提高了4.13%、15.73%。通过高通量测序分析,发现各反应器微生物群落结构组成存在差异。从门水平来看,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为优势菌门。添加Fe0和Achromobacter denitrificans strain 2-5使反应器中具有好氧反硝化功能的细菌多样性增加,强化了SBR反应器的脱氮效果,研究结果为Fe0促进好氧反硝化菌生长,强化污水脱氮提供了依据,有利于好氧反硝化菌的实际应用。  相似文献   

3.
3DBER-S反硝化脱氮性能及其菌群特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
针对污水处理厂尾水TN去除问题,采用16S r DNA克隆文库法,探究了3DBER-S(三维电极生物膜耦合硫自养脱氮工艺)的强化脱氮机制及其菌群特征.结果表明,I(电流)和HRT(水力停留时间)对3DEBR-S中氢自养和硫自养反硝化作用所占比例的影响较大,但对脱氮效率影响不显著.当进水C/N〔ρ(CODCr)/ρ(TN)〕为1、ρ(NO3--N)为35 mg/L、I为300 m A、HRT为4 h时,NO3--N和TN去除率可分别稳定在80%和74%以上.16S r DNA克隆文库结果显示,反应器中β变形菌纲为优势菌群,占47.89%〔以OUT(操作单元)计〕.在β变形菌纲中,与具有反硝化功能的陶厄氏菌属(Thauera)相似的细菌所占比例最大,为52.94%;与可分别利用硫和氢为电子供体进行反硝化脱氮的硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus)和食酸菌属(Acidovorax)相似的细菌分别占17.65%和14.71%.3DBER-S中存在异养联合氢自养和硫自养反硝化协同去除硝酸盐氮的作用,可为反硝化脱氮提供充足的电子供体,节约了有机碳源消耗,并保证了稳定高效的脱氮效果.  相似文献   

4.
不同MBR反应器中硝化菌群落结构的研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
采用PCR-DGGE技术研究了正常运行工况下6个不同MBR反应器中的硝酸菌和反硝化菌的群落结构.结果表明,不同的MBR反应器好氧段中硝酸菌之间的相似性较高,相似性数值为78.7%~92.1%,但环境条件、进水水质及运行参数等因素的不同导致了不同MBR反应器硝酸菌群落的差异.MBR反应器中有5种硝酸菌和3种反硝化菌,其中优势硝酸菌种以α-变形细菌(Alpha proteobacteria)、生根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium)、维氏硝酸菌(Nitrobacter winogradskyi)为主,反硝化菌以好氧反硝化菌-产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes)、脱氮副球菌(Paracoccus denitrificans)、红球菌属(Rhodococcus)为主,说明反应器内同时存在好氧反硝化菌,推断MBR反应器内可能同时存在多种硝化和脱氮途径.  相似文献   

5.
利用模拟填埋垃圾生物反应器(landfill bioreactor)研究了回灌渗滤液C/N对填埋垃圾堆体反硝化性能的影响,并采用PCR扩增、克隆测序等分子生物学技术,以功能基因nirS为分子标记考察了4次回灌过程中反应器内反硝化微生物群落结构变化.结果表明,回灌渗滤液的COD/NO 3--N比例对反应器的反硝化活性具有显著性影响.当COD/NO 3--N从3.11提高到13.08时,反应器内硝酸盐还原速率可从1.14 mg.(kg.h)-1提高到11.40 mg.(kg.h)-1.当回灌渗滤液生物可利用性COD与NO 3--N比值达到6.37时,可以实现填埋垃圾生物反应器反硝化作用的快速、稳定运行.4次回灌,反应器内的反硝化微生物大部分与β-变形菌纲(β-proteobacteria)细菌相似,少数属于非培养微生物(uncultured bacteria),其中Thiobacillus denitrificans和Azoarcus tolulyticus是反硝化过程的主要功能微生物,在回灌渗滤液反硝化过程中可能发挥着重要作用.  相似文献   

6.
3BER-S耦合脱氮系统运行特性研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
为了强化三维电极生物膜脱氮工艺(3BER)的脱氮效果,将3BER与硫自养反硝化技术耦合成3BER-S工艺,用于低碳氮比城市污水厂尾水的深度脱氮处理.与3BER对比研究结果表明,3BER-S工艺在TN去除率、系统pH平衡能力和NO2--N积累方面均优于3BER工艺;当进水C(NO3--N)= 35±2mg/L,TOC:N:P=10.7:10:1,pH=7.0~7.5时,3BER-S耦合工艺对TN和NO3--N的去除效率分别为85%和94%,分别比3BER高15%和10%;出水中NO2--N的浓度为3.04mg/L,比3BER低2mg/L.3BER-S中硫自养反硝化作用定量分析表明,硫自养脱氮作用在整个脱氮过程中所占比例为14.07%,单质硫的有效利用率达到79.5%,硫自养反硝化过程对稳定3BER-S系统出水pH值起重要作用.根据3BER-S中微生物基于反硝化细菌特异性基因nirS的克隆文库结果,系统中反硝化细菌都与β变形菌纲中的细菌有较高的同源性,其中61.41%的反硝化细菌属于陶厄氏菌属(Thauera);脱氮硫杆菌和嗜酸菌属(Acidovorax)分别占3.50%和19.30%.表明当碳源比较充足时,3BER-S工艺的脱氮作用主要以异养反硝化过程为主,以单质硫和氢为电子供体的自养反硝化脱氮作用也占有一定比例.  相似文献   

7.
采用复合序批式生物膜反应器(HSBBR)处理高盐废水,实现了同步短程硝化反硝化脱氮。考察了运行模式对同步短程硝化反硝化系统COD去除和脱氮性能的影响,利用高通量测序技术分析了微生物群落的变化。结果表明:当反应器以缺氧/好氧交替模式运行时(缺氧/好氧时间比为2.0 h/4.5 h),NH3-N、总无机氮(TIN)和COD去除率分别为95.00%、84.83%和86.72%,出水中含有NO2--N和NO3--N。以完全好氧模式运行时(缺氧/好氧时间比为0.0/6.5 h),NH3-N去除率达到100.00%,TIN和COD去除率分别为85.94%和89.46%,出水中只含有NO2--N。高通量测序结果表明:在门水平上,2种模式下生物膜和悬浮污泥中的优势菌均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes);Nitrosomonas是本研究检测出的唯一氨氧化菌(AOB)属,当反应器由缺氧/好氧交替模式转换为完全好氧模式时,悬浮污泥和生物膜中Nitrosomonas的相对丰度均增加;悬浮污泥和生物膜中优势反硝化菌属相似,包括Candidatus_Competibacter、Paracoccus、Thauera和Denitratisoma,在完全好氧模式下,悬浮污泥和生物膜中Candidatus_Competibacter和Thauera的相对丰度较低,而Paracoccus和Denitratisoma的相对丰度较高。多种反硝化菌与氨氧化菌的共同作用,使反应器能够实现高效同步短程硝化反硝化脱氮。  相似文献   

8.
准好氧矿化垃圾床处理渗滤液的脱氮菌群研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为探明准好氧矿化垃圾床处理渗滤液的生物脱氮机理,采用最大或然数计数法以及一系列的生化试验和镜检照片,研究了床层不同高度脱氮菌的数量和菌群结构.结果表明:床内亚硝化菌、硝化菌、厌氧反硝化菌和好氧反硝化菌的平均数量分别为5.3×106,7.5×106,6.9×103和2.5×105 g-1,亚硝化菌、硝化菌和好氧反硝化菌主要富集于反应床的表层和底部,厌氧反硝化菌主要富集于反应床的中部;从床内共分离出3株亚硝化菌,6株硝化菌,5株厌氧反硝化菌和6株好氧反硝化菌.准好氧矿化垃圾床处理渗滤液的生物脱氮机理为同步硝化反硝化,主要发生在反应床的表层和底部.  相似文献   

9.
针对传统脱氮工艺处理低C/N污水存在的问题,本研究提出IEM-UF同步分离反硝化系统。考察了三阶段各反应器对系统COD去除与脱氮性能影响,同时应用宏全基因组技术分析了各反应器功能微生物种群结构特征。结果表明,系统在电流强度0.2A时分离器氨氮富集率平均达到116.1%,最高可达170%;系统进水C/N为2.80稳定运行时,系统COD及TN平均去除率分别可以达到90%和50%以上。TN去除率最高达到65.4%。宏全基因组测序表明在硝化反应器中硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira)和亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas)所占比例分别为12.23%和2.31%;在反硝化反应器中脱氯单胞菌属(Dechloromonas)、陶厄氏菌属(Thauera)、Azospira所占比例分别为4.57%、1.76%和1.03%,远大于其他菌属所占比例,保证了系统中COD、、较高的去除率;同时铁自养反硝化菌的存在提高了系统的反硝化效率。  相似文献   

10.
针对传统脱氮工艺处理低C/N污水存在的问题,本研究提出IEM-UF同步分离反硝化系统.考察了三阶段各反应器对系统COD去除与脱氮性能影响,同时应用宏全基因组技术分析了各反应器功能微生物种群结构特征.结果表明,系统在电流强度0. 2A时分离器氨氮富集率平均达到116. 1%,最高可达170%;系统进水C/N为2. 80稳定运行时,系统COD及TN平均去除率分别可以达到90%和50%以上. TN去除率最高达到65. 4%.宏全基因组测序表明,在硝化反应器中硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira)和亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas)所占比例分别为12. 23%和2. 31%;在反硝化反应器中脱氯单胞菌属(Dechloromonas)、陶厄氏菌属(Thauera)和Azospira所占比例分别为4. 57%、1. 76%和1. 03%,远大于其他菌属所占比例,保证了系统中COD、NH_4~+-N、NO_x~--N较高的去除率;同时铁自养反硝化菌的存在提高了系统的反硝化效率.  相似文献   

11.
Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone (BP 1,6- quinone), trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP 7,8-diol), 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBP), were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that (1) the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; (2) the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; (3) the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% (w/v), concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.  相似文献   

12.
Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.  相似文献   

13.
Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity (both in gene richness and diversity index values) and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor (50 mg/kg) recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos (150 mg/kg) caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes (bands) responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals: four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.  相似文献   

14.
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.  相似文献   

15.
Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.  相似文献   

16.
Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury (HgT), combinative mercury (Hgc) and gaseous mercury (HgG), and content of total organic carbon (TOC), but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of (HgG,/HgT)1992〉(HgG/HgT)1996〉〉(HgG/HgT)2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn: with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants (e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum) are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.  相似文献   

17.
Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.  相似文献   

18.
Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels (behavior, sublethal, lethal). In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints (acute, chronic, behavioral). Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In the present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides.  相似文献   

19.
Bottled water may not be safer, or healthier, than tap water. The present studies have proved that styrene and some other aromatic compounds leach continuously from polystyrene (PS) bottles used locally for packaging. Water sapmles in contact with PS were extracted by a preconcentration technique called as "purge and trap" and analysed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Eleven aromatic compounds were identified in these studies. Maximum concentration of styrene in PS bottles was 29.5 μg/L. Apart from styrene, ethyl benzene, toluene and benzene were also quantified but their concentrations were much less than WHO guide line values. All other compounds were in traces. Quality of plastic and storage time were the major factor in leaching of styrene. Concentration of styrene was increased to 69.53 μg/L after one-year storage. In Styrofoam and PS cups studies, hot water was found to be contaminated with styrene and other aromatic compounds. It was observed that temperature played a major role in the leaching of styrene monomer from Styrofoam cups. Paper cups were found to be safe for hot drinks.  相似文献   

20.
The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号