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生态标志和产品的生命周期评价 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
获得生态标志,是对产品环境性能的肯定,表明其整个生命周期的环境性能达到了特定的要求,消费者也可直接根据生态标志图案购得自己喜好的环境友好产品,生命周期评价是一中评价产品,工艺或活动从原料采掘到生产、运输、分销、使用,回用,维护,循环和最终处置的整个生命周期阶段相关环境负荷的过程,大多数生态标志标准的确定都采用了生命周期的评价的方法,文章对生态标志的概念、发展状况、标准的确定性和生命周期评价等作了简 相似文献
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利用生命周期评价工具对企业的生产过程进行全面分析与评价,做好企业清洁生产的审核工作具有重要理论研究价值和现实应用意义。运用生命周期评价方法对重庆小南海水泥厂普通硅酸盐水泥生产过程进行了初步评价,认识了普通硅酸盐水泥生产过程的环境协调性,为普通硅酸盐水泥进一步提高环境性能提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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产品生命周期评价体系探讨 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
生命周期评价(LCA)是一个相对罗新的概念,理论上生命周期评价具有将环境质量融入决策过程的特点,生命周期评价是对产品和过程相关的环境干扰进行定量分析和评估的方法,本文介绍了LCA的要领和内容,探讨了LCA的技术框架和实施方案,并着重介绍LCA的核心--影响分析的主人指标,提出了LCA有待发展完善的方面。 相似文献
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生命周期评价在中国城市垃圾减量化的应用 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
为减少城市垃圾,介绍了生命周期评价方法,并将其引入城市垃圾管理系统,建立了适合我国国情的城市垃圾生命周期评价框架。生命周期评价框架的建立有助于改进城市垃圾管理,是减少城市垃圾产生的有用工具。 相似文献
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生命周期评价--清单分析方法探讨 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
清单分析是生命周期评价方法中极重要的环节,是对整个生命周期阶段的资源和能源的使用及环境排放的定量分析过程,详细阐述了清单流程编制和清单数据获得的分析及收集方法,并示例说明。 相似文献
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生命周期评价在工程分析中的运用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
工程分析是建设项目环境影响评价的关键所在。就目前工程分析存在的问题进行讨论,介绍生命周期评价的基本过程,提出将生命周期评价引入工程分析,以提高工程分析的科学性,为项目决策提供科学依据。‘’ 相似文献
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污水处理厂环境影响的生命周期分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
生命周期分析技术除了强调污水处理工艺对于污水处理以及污泥的处理和处置必须具有令人满意的功能以外,还强调它们产生的其他方面的重要环境影响,涉及污水厂的能源管理,污水厂的设计,原材料管理以及有关污水厂的总体环境政策。每一种污水处理工艺在净化污水的同时,在其他 施工建设,生产运行和报废拆毁的三个阶段中均存在能源的使用以及污染物的排放问题。 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to contribute to the analysis of the environmental impacts deriving from common aspects of the service sector activity and to identify auxiliary actions and hot spots in order to improve the environmental performance of offices used for educational purposes. In that aspect, a screening life cycle assessment (LCA) for a university office-workstation of Democritus University of Thrace, Greece, was performed with the application of the SimaPro LCA software, and the Impact 2002+ method with fifteen impact categories for the interpretation of results. Findings from this research indicated that energy consumption for the powering electronic appliances was the key factor affecting most of the environmental impact categories examined. The impact categories most seriously affected by the office life cycle were the emissions of respiratory inorganics (39%), global warming (31%) and non-renewable energy use (27%). The saving of the energy consumed due to standby mode could lead to a reduction of 2.4% of the total energy consumption in the office in a yearly basis with proportional positive influence in all the respective impact categories. Additionally, utilization of solar energy through photovoltaic panels could lead to a reduction close to 90% for a number of impact categories. Therefore, actions and strategies for improving the environmental performance of academic offices should focus on the reduction of energy consumption. 相似文献
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Product-oriented Environmental Management Systems (P-EMS) are a logical extension of current, often primarily process- of facility-oriented Environmental Management Systems. The Dutch government promotes P-EMS as part of its product-oriented environmental policies. The idea of P-EMS is to enable producers to make environmentally responsible decisions on product development and product strategies, in collaboration with suppliers and customers. This paper summarises example P-EMS projects in The Netherlands for two segments of industry, namely retail and manufacturing industry. Moreover two other initiatives will be covered that deal with the development of tools to facilitate P-EMS in two other industry sectors (food processing and building). Success factors that emerge from these initial experiences are: focus on partners that have a strong incentive to act, application of screening Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) or user-shells for LCA, and focus on improvements that can be implemented on the short term. 相似文献
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针对目前LCA应用仅局限于研究机构和大型企业,而中小企业环境压力更大的现状,提出了一种将LCA理论应用于中小企业的新方法,模板化LCA(TDLCA),给出了其定义,讨论了模板化LCA实施的理论基础,模板建立的方式,并在此基础上开发了面向中小企业的产品生命周期评价软件SME-LCA。SME-LCA在保证评价结果准确性的前提下,软件操作难度大大降低,节省了评价时间,提高了LCA的执行效率。TDLCA结合了LCA研究人员和中小企业的产品开发人员两方面的优势,是将LCA理论应用于中小企业的有效方法。 相似文献
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