首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
通过红黄泥和紫潮泥两种土壤淹水培养和硒的价态测定结果表明:在450mV培养下,外加Se(Ⅵ)第1天有57.2%仍保持Se(Ⅵ),23.4%还原为有机Se,培养过程中Se(Ⅵ)呈稳定态,有机Se则氧化成Se(Ⅵ),反应为准一级动力学方程;在175mV培养下,外加Se(Ⅵ)第1天有81.8%还原为有机Se,8.9%还原为有机Se,8.9%为Se(Ⅵ),培养过程中有机Se呈稳定态,Se(Ⅵ)则还原为Se(Ⅵ),反应符合动力学一级方程。土壤中Se(Ⅵ)/Se(Ⅳ)体系氧化还原反应的临界电位为71.4mV-206.1mV(pH7.0),土壤pH上升1个单位,电位相应降低40.1mV.Se(Ⅵ)/Se(Ⅳ)体系在土壤氧化还原顺序中的反应次序居猛体系之后,与铁体系平行。  相似文献   

2.
以海洋绿藻(Tetraselmis levis,Chlorella autotrophica,Dunaliella salina,Nannochloropsis sp.,Tetraselmis subcordiformis)、硅藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)、红藻(Porphyridium purpureum)和过渡金属(铁、锰、铜)构建海藻-光二元体系、过渡金属-光二元体系、海藻-过渡金属-光三元体系,对比分析不同海藻、不同过渡金属、海藻与过渡金属耦合引发光化学过程,对Se(Ⅵ)还原转化的贡献率.二元和三元体系均可光还原转化Se(Ⅵ)为Se(Ⅳ).铁、铜、锰通过自身的光氧化还原过程诱发Se(Ⅵ)/Se(Ⅳ)的氧化还原;海藻的光化学活性首次被证实,表面壁可吸附富集海水中还原性的有机物、Se(Ⅵ)/Se(Ⅳ)和过渡金属,改变其氧化还原电位,提供光反应场所;Se(Ⅵ)的光还原转化率依海藻和过渡金属的种类、浓度不同而异;海藻浓度的提高、海藻与过渡金属的耦合作用有利于光还原转化率的提高.通过三元体系的光还原转化,Se(Ⅵ)/Se(Ⅳ)比值为1.17~2.85,接近海洋真光层Se(Ⅵ)/Se(Ⅳ)实际浓度比,即海藻和过渡金属引发的光化学过程对硒的价态分布起决定性作用.  相似文献   

3.
研究了硒化合物对长春花(C.roseus)细胞悬浮生长的影响.在pH5.5培养介质中,当Se(Ⅵ)>0.5ppm或Se(Ⅳ)>0.6ppm时,将抑制C.roseus细胞悬浮生长,其致死浓度分别是100ppm Se(Ⅵ)和2.0ppm Se(Ⅳ).C.roseus对硒化合物有效强的富集作用.硒化合物的毒性和培养介质的pH值有关.在本试验条件下,硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠对Hg~(2+)无拮抗作用.  相似文献   

4.
研究零价铁(ZVI)与奥奈达希瓦氏菌(S.oneidensis)协同还原去除水相中U(Ⅵ)时,共存离子Cr~(6+)、Fe~(3+)、Cu~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)分别存在时对U(Ⅵ)还原效果的影响。结果表明:溶液中共存的Cr~(6+)和溶解态的Fe~(3+)对ZVI与微生物协同还原U(Ⅵ)均存在显著的抑制作用,且当溶液中共存Cr~(6+)的含量超过10.0 mg/L时,U(Ⅵ)的还原几乎被完全抑制。在共存金属浓度为20 mg/L时,Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)对U(Ⅵ)的还原均具有抑制作用,且Cu~(2+)的影响大于Zn~(2+);Mn~(2+)对U(Ⅵ)的还原有微弱的促进作用。共存阴离子SO_4~(2-)对U(Ⅵ)的还原有微弱的促进作用,且作用大小与其浓度成正相关;在0.5~5.0 mmol/L浓度范围内,12 h时,共存阴离子NO_3~-对U(Ⅵ)的还原有明显的抑制作用。  相似文献   

5.
本研究考察了Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(A.ferrooxidans)联合高硫煤矸石(富含FeS2)对模拟煤矿酸性水体中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效果.结果表明,处理Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为50mg/L的模拟煤矿酸性废水(pH=2.5)时,投配率为6.67~33.33g/L高硫煤矸石可使Cr(Ⅵ)去除达到良好效果.50mg/LCr(Ⅵ)在24h内即可完全被高硫煤矸石中的FeS2还原成Cr(Ⅲ),且在反应终点时(120h),6.67,13.33,33.33g/L高硫煤矸石对还原产物Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附去除率分别为7.1%、20.2%、29.1%.然而,在高硫煤矸石的还原和吸附作用下,大部分的Cr仍以Cr(Ⅲ)形式残留在酸性水体中,且高硫煤矸石的大量投加也给水体带来了Fe~(2+)_、Fe~(3+)_、SO_4~(2-)等二次污染物.在高硫煤矸石-Cr(Ⅵ)体系中引入A.ferrooxidans和9K培养基后,A.ferrooxidans介导的Fe~(2+)_生物氧化及产物Fe~(3+)_水解矿化过程可促进部分Fe~(2+)_、Fe~(3+)_、SO_4~(2-)等向次生铁矿物(包括施氏矿物和黄钾铁矾)转变,从而使模拟酸性水体中残留的Cr(Ⅲ)通过次生铁矿物的吸附或共沉淀作用被清除.在A.ferrooxidans强化作用下,模拟煤矿酸性废水中Cr(Ⅵ)在96h即可达到99.4%的去除率.  相似文献   

6.
地下环境中普遍存在的金属离子和小分子有机酸可以共同还原降解对环境和人体有害的Cr(Ⅵ)。通过探讨不同影响因素(体系组分、初始pH值、有机酸浓度、金属离子浓度)下,Cr(Ⅵ)的还原转化效果及其规律,确定了最佳反应组合,并探讨了Mn~(2+)对草酸还原Cr(Ⅵ)的强化效果及机理。结果表明:通过对比5种常见的小分子有机酸和5种常见的金属阳离子,确定了Mn~(2+)/草酸对Cr(Ⅵ)的还原效果最为显著;Mn~(2+)和草酸同时存在的反应体系中,Cr(Ⅵ)的还原反应分为缓慢诱导期和自动加速期,两个阶段均符合拟一级动力学;随着反应体系初始pH值的增大,Cr(Ⅵ)的还原反应速率逐渐减小;草酸和Mn~(2+)浓度分别上升时,明显加速了Cr(Ⅵ)的还原;在Mn~(2+)/草酸反应体系中引入乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对Mn~(2+)强化草酸还原Cr(Ⅵ)有较强的抑制作用;通过3次Cr(Ⅵ)循环还原试验,证实了Cr(Ⅵ)还原过程中Mn~(2+)/草酸/Cr(Ⅵ)和Mn~(3+)/草酸/Cr(Ⅵ)两种中间体络合物的重要作用,并且测定了Cr(Ⅵ)还原的最终产物为Cr(Ⅲ)。该研究结果对揭示地下环境中铬的形态变化及其迁移转化规律具有重要的环境意义。  相似文献   

7.
杨文君  郭迎庆  杜尔登 《环境科学》2014,35(5):1793-1797
采用间歇实验对纳米零价铁(nZVI)除四价硒(Se(Ⅳ))进行实验性研究,考察了地下水中共存离子对nZVI除Se(Ⅳ)动力学的影响.结果表明,在厌氧条件下,当nZVI投加量为0.1 g·L-1,Se(Ⅳ)浓度为100μmol·L-1,NaCl浓度为0.01 mol·L-1,pH=7.0,T=25℃±1℃时,投加CO2-3或SO2-4浓度为1 mmol·L-1、腐殖酸(humic acid,HA)为5 mg·L-1时,明显抑制了Se(Ⅳ)的去除.投加0.5 mmol·L-1Ca2+或Mg2+时,对除Se(Ⅳ)影响不大;而Ca2+(3 mmol·L-1)、Mg2+(3 mmol·L-1)时,Se(Ⅳ)的去除效率明显下降.未加共存离子时,Se(Ⅳ)在20 min时基本去除完,共存离子存在的情况下,nZVI对Se(Ⅳ)的去除率在30 min时达到100%.反应过程中二价铁(Fe2+)随着Se(Ⅳ)的去除趋于平稳.ORP在反应过程中快速从正值下降至负值,由此说明nZVI除Se(Ⅳ)的过程发生了还原反应.  相似文献   

8.
在酸性矿山废水中,氧化亚铁硫杆菌(A.ferrooxidans)氧化Fe~(2+)过程中常常伴随着次生矿物的生成.为研究温度和pH对A.ferrooxidans氧化Fe~(2+)及Fe3+水解成矿的综合影响,考察了初始pH为1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0,温度为8、18、28、38℃时体系中Fe~(2+)、总Fe、次生矿物的变化情况.结果表明,在改良9K培养基中,温度和pH均影响Fe~(2+)生物氧化和Fe~(3+)水解成矿.A.ferrooxidans最佳适宜生长环境为温度28℃,pH=2.0~3.0,其它条件均不利于其生长繁殖,导致Fe~(2+)氧化速度明显变慢.起始pH=1.5时,不同温度处理均未发现有矿物生成,pH越高,收集矿物量越多.次生铁矿物XRD图谱表明,反应温度为28℃时,pH=2.0~2.5条件下次生铁矿物主要为黄铁矾和施氏矿物的混合物,而pH=3.0时则更有利于施氏矿物的形成.该现象对有效调控次生矿物的形成具有潜在意义.  相似文献   

9.
pH、温度对土壤溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)减少速率的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文主要研究了土壤溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的减少速率与pH、温度等因子的关系。结果表明:土壤溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)减少动力学过程可以分为二个步骤,第一步为快速反应,它主要由吸附反应所控制;第二步为慢速反应,主要由Cr(Ⅵ)还原反应所控制。慢反应速率常数k_2值和土壤有机质含量显著相关。随着体系中pH值的升高,k_1、k_2值明显减少。温度对土壤溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)减少速率的影响主要取决于温度对土壤吸附Cr(Ⅵ)反应和Cr(Ⅵ)还原反应的消长情况。  相似文献   

10.
云下降雨洗脱痕量气体时S(IV)的液相氧化过程   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
用数值模拟跟踪S(Ⅳ)氧化生成SO_4~2的行为,研究SO_2及NH_3等气体浓度、降雨酸度、雨滴大小、持续降雨时间等因素对四个氧化途径(O_3氧化,H_2O_2酸催化氧化;Mn~(2+),Fe~(3+)催化氧化;降落到地面后S(Ⅳ)的氧化)的影响。 计算结果表明,我国北方地区云下降雨洗脱SO_2等痕量气体时,降雨中四个氧化途径都起作用,而以O_3氧化过程为主,在西南地区,首先是O_3氧化S(Ⅳ)起主要作用,而降雨的进一步酸化则是H_2O_2酸催化氧化S(Ⅳ),降雨过程中Mn~(2+),Fe~(3+)催化氧化S(Ⅳ)不是最主要途径。  相似文献   

11.
The relation between EH [Se(VI)/Se(IV)] and pH of soil aqueous extract in Kaschin-Beck disease region and the effects of natural redox agents, namely humic substances, MnO2 and Fe2+, on the redox property of the system were studied. The results indicated that both humic acid and Fe2+ could enhance the reducibility of Se(VI) and MnO2, a limited oxidizability for Se(IV). Fe2+ showed a weak reducibility only at low pH value. The reducibilities of three sulfur-containing compounds for Se(VI) were in following order:thioglycollic acid > L-cysteine > sulfide  相似文献   

12.
The relation between EH [Se(VI)/Se(IV)] and pH of soil aqueous extract in Kaschin-Beck disease region and the effects of natural redox agents, namely humic substances, MnO2 and Fe2+, on the redox property of the system were studied. The results indicated that both humic acid and Fe2+ could enhance the reducibility of Se(VI) and MnO2, a limited oxidizability for Se(IV). Fe2+ showed a weak reducibility only at low pH value. The reducibilities of three sulfur-containing compounds for Se(VI) were in following order:thioglycollic acid > L-cysteine > sulfide  相似文献   

13.
Humic substances are ubiquitous redox-active organic compounds of environment. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the reduction capacity of humic acid in the man-ix of bromate and Fe(Ⅲ) solutions and the role of Fe(Ⅲ) in this redox process. The results showed that the humic acid regenerated Fe(Ⅱ) and reduced bromate abiotically. The addition of Fe(Ⅲ) could accelerate the bromate reduction rate by forming humic acid-Fe(Ⅲ) complexes. Iron species acts as electron mediator and catalyst for the bromate reduction by humic acid, in which humic acid transfers electrons to the complexed Fe(Ⅲ) to form Fe(Ⅱ), and the regenerated Fe(Ⅱ) donate the electrons to bromate. The kinetics study on bromate reduction further indicated that bromate reduction by humic acid-Fe(Ⅲ) complexes is pH dependent. The rate decreased by 2-fold with the increase in solution pH by one unit. The reduction capacity of Aldrich humic acid was observed to be lower than that of humic acid or natural organic matter of Suwanne River, indicating that such redox process is expected to occur in the environment.  相似文献   

14.
Humic substances are ubiquitous redox-active organic compounds of environment.In this study,experiments were conducted to determine the reduction capacity of humic acid in the matrix of bromate and Fe(Ⅲ) solutions and the role of Fe(Ⅲ) in this redox process.The results showed that the humic acid regenerated Fe(Ⅱ) and reduced bromate abiotically.The addition of Fe(Ⅲ) could accelerate the bromate reduction rate by forming humic acid-Fe(Ⅲ) complexes.Iron species acts as electron mediator and catalyst for the bromate reduction by humic acid,in which humic acid transfers electrons to the complexed Fe(Ⅲ) to form Fe(Ⅱ),and the regenerated Fe(Ⅱ) donate the electrons to bromate.The kinetics study on bromate reduction further indicated that bromate reduction by humic acid-Fe(Ⅲ) complexes is pH dependent.The rate decreased by 2-fold with the increase in solution pH by one unit.The reduction capacity of Aldrich humic acid was observed to be lower than that of humic acid or natural organic matter of Suwanne River,indicating that such redox process is expected to occur in the environment.  相似文献   

15.
利用高铁酸钾活化亚硫酸钠(Fe(Ⅵ)/Na2SO3体系),探究其对阿特拉津(ATZ)的降解效能;鉴别了反应体系主要活性组分,并考察了Na2SO3投加量、反应溶液pH值和水质背景成分对ATZ降解效能的影响.结果表明:当Fe(VI)和Na2SO3的投加量分别为50和200μmol/L时,反应10s后Fe(Ⅵ)/Na2SO3体系对ATZ的降解效能达到74.4%,单独Fe(VI)(50μmol/L)和单独Na2SO3(200μmol/L)对ATZ的去除率仅为10.2%和7.5%.探针化合物和溶解氧作用等实验证实体系中主要的活性基团为SO4·-.在pH=8,Fe(VI)投加量为50μmol/L时,随着Na2SO3投加量的增大,Fe(Ⅵ)/Na2SO3体系对ATZ的去除效率先增大后减小,其中最佳Na2SO3投加量为150~200μmol/L.Fe(Ⅵ)/Na2SO3体系在pH 7~10的范围内,均可以快速降解ATZ.在天然水体中,Fe(Ⅵ)/Na2SO3体系也可以高效降解ATZ,但是水质背景成分会竞争消耗SO4·-,导致Fe(Ⅵ)/Na2SO3体系对ATZ的降解效能降低.  相似文献   

16.
The adsorption capacities of new humic acids isolated from Yakouren forest (YHA) and Sahara (Tamenrasset: THA) soils (Algeria) and commercial humic acid (PFHA) on polyaniline emeraldine base (PEB) were studied at pH 6.6. Also the adsorption of heavy metals such as Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ on humic acid-polyaniline systems (HA-PEB) was investigated at the same conditions. HA-PEB compounds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectrometry and cavity microelectrode. In addition, batch adsorption and cavity microelectrode were used in the adsorption study of Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ on HA-PEB. To develop biocaptors of polluting metals using a cavity microelectrode modified by HA-PEB systems, the adsorption kinetic and adsorption capacity were investigated. The SEM analysis showed that the presence of humic acid affected the PEB surface and caused the formation of a granular morphology. The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) of PFHA, THA and YHA determined by adsorption isotherms were 91.31, 132.1 and 151.0 mg/g, respectively. Batch adsorption results showed that qmax of Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ on HA-PEB followed the order: THA-PEB > YHA-PEB > PFHA-PEB. The voltammograms obtained with HA-PEB modified cavity microelectrode showed the appearance of new redox couples reflecting the adsorption of HA on PEB. Metal-humic acid-polyaniline voltammograms were characterized by appearance of oxidation-reduction couples or reduction wave corresponding to metal. Finally, the result may be exploited to develop a biocaptor based on the cavity microelectrode amended by THA-PEB and YHA-PEB.  相似文献   

17.
杨滨  应光国  赵建亮 《环境科学》2011,32(9):2543-2548
对高铁酸钾氧化降解水中微量三氯生(TCS)的反应动力学、反应机制及降解效果进行了实验研究.结果表明,高铁酸钾氧化降解TCS符合二级反应动力学模式,pH 8.5时表观二级反应动力学速率常数为531.9 L.(mol.s)-1,以10 mg.L-1的高铁酸钾计算,反应的半衰期是25.8 s.表观二级反应动力学速率常数随着p...  相似文献   

18.
尿液中不同价态硒的吸附溶出伏安法测定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文研究了在二溴代苤硒脑生成条件下Se(-Ⅱ、0)、Se(Ⅳ)、Se(Ⅵ)等不同价态硒的稳定性及其转化条件,确定了用二溴代苤硒脑体系的吸附溶出伏安法测定尿液中不同价态硒的方法.结果表明,在1.5mol/L HCl介质中,Se(Ⅳ)与二溴代邻苯二胺定量生成苤硒脑,可用吸附溶出伏安法直接测定Se(Ⅳ).HNO_3-HClO_4消化样品时,Se(-Ⅱ、0)定量转化为Se(Ⅳ),此时Se(Ⅳ)、Se(Ⅵ)价态稳定.而HNO_3-HClO_4消化样品后用3mol/L HCl将Se(Ⅵ)还原为Se(Ⅳ)后可测得总硒.故利用不同的样品处理方法所得结果差减后,测定Se(-Ⅱ、0)、Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)含量.本文方法用于尿液样品分析,尿液中硒的主要价态为以Se(-Ⅱ)形式存在的有机硒,无机态Se(Ⅳ)、Se(Ⅵ)的含量甚微.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号