强化混凝对腐殖酸和富里酸去除对比研究

以腐殖酸和富里酸为研究对象,考察了硫酸铝、三氯化铁、聚合氯化铝和聚合氯化铁这4种混凝剂的强化混凝效果,并研究了pH、浊度及Ca2+、腐殖酸和富里酸相对含量对强化混凝的影响.结果表明,4种混凝剂对腐殖酸的去除效果要高于富里酸,三氯化铁和硫酸铝比聚合氯化铝和聚合氯化铁具有更好的混凝效果,在混凝剂投量为40 mg.L-1时,三氯化铁、硫酸铝、聚合氯化铁和聚合氯化铝混凝后可将水样中富里酸浓度由10 mg.L-1分别降为3.22、4.34、5.85和4.86 mg.L-1,而腐殖酸浓度可分别降至1.13、2.13、3.44和2.50 mg.L-1.三氯化铁和硫酸铝强化混凝的最佳pH为5.5～6.5,在其它pH范围强化混凝效果降低;水样中有机物浓度越高,混凝效果越差,富里酸/腐殖酸>0.4后混凝效果明显变差.浊度对混凝剂去除有机物的影响较小,Ca2+浓度的增加可提高腐殖酸和富里酸的去除效果.     

混凝剂活性污泥法处理城市污水研究

采用混凝剂硫酸铝和氯化铁,研究了混凝剂活性污泥法的长期除磷效果,对两种混凝剂除磷性能进行了比较。研究表明,在混凝剂活性污泥法中,硫酸铝的稳定投药量为80 mg/L,与生物不具协同作用;氯化铁的稳定投药量为50 mg/L,与生物具有协同作用。在活性污泥反应器中,氯化铁的除磷性能好于硫酸铝。硫酸铝和氯化铁混凝剂不仅没有明显影响生物脱氮效果,而且能提高有机物的去除效果。     

高锰酸盐复合剂强化混凝对水中天然有机物的去除机制研究

利用流动电流、絮凝脉动颗粒检测技术、分子量分布及XAD树脂分类技术对高锰酸盐复合剂强化混凝去除水中天然有机物的机制进行了研究.结果表明,高锰酸盐复合剂提高了硫酸铝的混凝效果,投加0.75 mg/L高锰酸盐复合剂后,较单独投加硫酸铝对天然有机物的去除率可提高13个百分点.流动电流(SC)检测结果表明,高锰酸盐复合剂使有机物表面所带的负电性减弱,稳定性降低.如单独投加60 mg/L硫酸铝时SC值为55.2,而投加0.50、 0.75和1.0 mg/L的高锰酸盐复合剂预氧化处理后,SC值分别升高至61.4、 69.6和87.0.投加高锰酸盐复合剂后,絮凝指数增加,表明高锰酸盐复合剂及反应过程中生成的新生态水合二氧化锰对混凝起到了强化作用.分子质量分布及XAD树脂分类结果表明,高锰酸盐复合剂提高了混凝过程对小分子质量和亲水性有机物的去除能力,如硫酸铝混凝后亲水性有机物的含量为1.90 mg/L,而投加高锰酸盐复合剂后,可使其含量降至1.32 mg/L.     

高铁酸盐预氧化对松花江水混凝效果的影响

以高铁酸钾和硫酸铝为预氧化剂和混凝剂,考察了NH ,4-N、浊度、TOC、AOC和相对分子质量分布(Mr)等参数的变化,分析了高铁酸钾预氧化对松花江水源水性质产生的影响.结果表明,单独硫酸铝混凝时,在混凝剂投量为50mg·L-1的条件下,松花江水的UV254、浊度、TOC的去除率分别为36.7%、80.2%、31.1%.当高铁酸钾为预氧化剂,投量为1 mg·L-1,时,混凝后松花江水的UV254、浊度、TOC的去除率分别为63.3%、89.6%、37.%.铁酸盐预氧化使混凝后的NH ,4-N值上升了17%.高铁酸盐预氧化使松花江水混凝后的AOC值从998 μg·L-1升到1 241 μg·L-1,同时,使混凝后的AOC/TOC从28.4%上升到38.7%,很大程度上提高了原水中有机物的可生物降解性.这一过程中, AOC-P17所代表的醛酮类物质显著增加,达到总AOC的83%.溶解态有机物分子量分布的考察表明, Mr小于500的分子所占的百分比由单独混凝时的38.9%上升到预氧化后的65.0%,证明高铁酸钾预氧化将原水中的大分子有机物氧化成小分子有机物.分子有机物的增加引起了原水可生物降解性的提高.     

强化混凝去除微污染湖泊水浊度及TOC的研究

通过烧杯混凝试验和动态连续混凝试验,就混凝剂种类、投药量、pH值、水温等因素,研究强化混凝对水中浊度和TOC去除效果的影响。试验结果表明:PAC最佳投量为30mg/L,浊度去除率为90.19%,TOC去除率为38.2%,水温高于20℃时,聚合氯化铝对浊度和TOC去除率分别高达84.95%、33.18%以上。虽然pH值是影响有机物去除的主要参数,动态连续混凝试验表明,不改变pH值,强化混凝工艺依然能极大地改善出水水质,滤后水质浊度为0.1NTU,TOC为6.23mg/L。     

强化混凝去除黄浦江水有机物的试验研究

强化混凝去除有机物的效果与水源的分子量分布特性有着密切的关系.由于黄浦江水中低分子量的溶解性有机物占多数,因此,强化混凝处理有机物效果有限.对于＜1k分子量区间的有机物.增加混凝剂投量可有效去除紫外吸光值(UV254),但去除溶解性有机碳(DOC)的效果很差.尽管增加混凝剂投量和降低pH都能有效地去除有机物,但决定强化混凝效果的主要因素是pH,去除黄浦江水有机物的最佳pH范围为6～5.     

强化混凝去除湘江原水中天然有机物的研究

文章应用强化混凝技术对湘江原水中天然有机物的去除效果进行了研究。通过选择混凝剂、增加混凝剂的用量和降低pH值等措施强化混凝处理湘江水。实验结果表明,选用聚合氯化铝(PAC)作为混凝剂,并控制PAC的投加量为3 10-4 mol.L-1,pH在5 6之间,能有效去除湘江水中的有机物。同时还初步探讨了TOC和UV-254之间的相关性,得出UV-254=0.048 5 TOC-0.073 8。     

混凝沉淀对含海藻酸钠废水中COD的去除研究

本文通过混凝沉淀工艺处理含海藻酸钠废水,探讨了不同混凝剂投加处理方法去除水中COD的可行性及混凝剂投药量的优化。实验结果表明,采用含1%氯酸钠11%的聚铁溶液作混凝剂对水中COD的去除有明显效果,当原水COD含量为60mg/L~70mg/L时,投加30mg/L即可使出水COD达到排放标准,同时对水中磷酸盐和总磷也有明显的去除效果     

混凝工艺对地表水中几种甾体雌激素的去除效果

采用正交实验与单因素分析相结合的方法考察混凝工艺去除地表水中甾体雌激素的可行性。试验结果表明,混凝工艺可有效去除地表水中的甾体雌激素。pH值、混凝剂投加量、水温等条件对天然雌激素17-β雌二醇、雌三醇、雌激素酮和合成雌激素17-α乙炔基雌二醇的去除效果均存在一定影响,弱酸性、低水温条件及适当增加混凝剂投加量均有利于雌激素的去除。当原水中雌激素初始浓度为0.05¹.0 mg/L时,在混凝剂三氯化铁(FeCl3)投加量为20 mg/L左右,转速为500 r/min(2 min)+100 r/min(8 min),雌酮、17-β雌二醇和17-α乙炔基雌二醇的去除率为65%1.0 mg/L时,在混凝剂三氯化铁(FeCl3)投加量为20 mg/L左右,转速为500 r/min(2 min)+100 r/min(8 min),雌酮、17-β雌二醇和17-α乙炔基雌二醇的去除率为65%⁹0%,雌三醇的去除率较低,约15%。     

PAC和PAFC对内循环连续砂滤器处理石化二级出水的影响

采用PAC（聚合氯化铝）和PAFC（聚合氯化铝铁）作为絮凝剂,探讨不同絮凝剂及其投量对于内循环连续砂滤器处理效果和滤料板结潜在趋势的影响.结果表明,PAC和PAFC投量由5mg/L升至30mg/L时,COD和SS的去除率随着投加量的增大均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势.10mg/L为试验水质下的最佳投量,在该投量下,PAC对SS和COD去除率为分别为49.7%和12.9%;PAFC对SS和COD去除率分别为50.6%和13.8%.内循环连续砂滤器主要去除的是相对分子量在3k以上的溶解性有机物,但对相对分子量1k以下的溶解性有机物去除效果不好,总DOC去除率低于5%,需进一步深度处理以满足最新的排放标准.PAFC混合液比PAC混合液黏度低,有利于缓解滤料板结.总体来看,更适合于石化二级出水的混凝剂为PAFC,最佳投量为10-15mg/L,可保障对SS高效去除同时并使内循环连续砂滤器运行更加稳定.     

Optimisation of chemical purification conditions for direct application of solid metal salt coagulants: Treatment of peatland-derived diffuse runoff

The drainage of peatland areas for peat extraction,agriculture or bioenergy requires affordable,simple and reliable treatment methods that can purify waters rich in particulates and dissolved organic carbon.This work focused on the optimisation of chemical purification process for the direct dosage of solid metal salt coagulants.It investigated process requirements of solid coagulants and the influence of water quality,temperature and process parameters on their performance.This is the first attempt to provide information on specific process requirements of solid coagulants.Three solid inorganic coagulants were evaluated:aluminium sulphate,ferric sulphate and ferric aluminium sulphate.Pre-dissolved aluminium and ferric sulphate were also tested with the objective of identifying the effects of in-line coagulant dissolution on purification performance.It was determined that the pre-dissolution of the coagulants had a significant effect on coagulant performance and process requirements.Highest purification levels achieved by solid coagulants,even at 30% higher dosages,were generally lower(5%-30%) than those achieved by pre-dissolved coagulants.Furthermore,the mixing requirements of coagulants pre-dissolved prior to addition differed substantially from those of solid coagulants.The pH of the water samples being purified had a major influence on coagulant dosage and purification efficiency.Ferric sulphate(70 mg/L) was found to be the best performing solid coagulant achieving the following load removals:suspended solids(59%-88%),total organic carbon(56%-62%),total phosphorus(87%-90%),phosphate phosphorus(85%-92%) and total nitrogen(33%-44%).The results show that the use of solid coagulants is a viable option for the treatment of peatland-derived runoff water if solid coagulant-specific process requirements,such as mixing and settling time,are considered.     

不同水体溶解性有机物的混凝去除特性

采用硫酸铝、工业氯化铁、无机高分子絮凝剂(PAC)3种无机混凝剂,对广州珠江、北京密云、天津滦河不同原水进行了混凝实验,分析了不同混凝剂去除水体有机物的特性以及不同水体溶解性有机物(DOM)的内在分级特征与其混凝去除率的关系.实验结果表明,①珠江水体由于碱度低,pH较易下降,高投药浓度下此水体DOM更易被氯化铁去除;中低投药下,在南方水体中,PAC与盐类絮凝剂对去除DOM的混凝性能差别不如在北方水体中明显,表明南北方水体DOM的内在特性存在一定差异,即北方水体DOM中可混凝去除部分的有机物易发生电中和作用,带有较多负电基团,南方珠江水体DOM含带电基团的有机物相对较少,而中性有机物含量相对较高,这与进一步分级结果一致.②所有水体从混凝收敛点看,总溶解性有机碳(DOC)去除率都是工业PAC最高,显示电中和(憎水化)-沉淀(吸附)可能为这些水体DOM的主要去除机理.③从不同水体的DOC平均去除率看,珠江水体高于密云水体,它们又明显高于滦河水体.对水体DOM进一步的化学分级研究结果表明,DOC去除率越高的水体,其中的憎水中性物质(HoN)含量也越高.这表明,除了碱度、总有机碳(TOC)外,原水DOM的内在化学分级特征也是影响水体DOC混凝去除率的重要因素.     

Interference of iron as a coagulant on MIB removal by powdered activated carbon adsorption for low turbidity waters

Powered activated carbon (PAC) is widely used in water treatment plants to minimize odors in drinking water. This study investigated the removal of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) by PAC adsorption, combined with coagulation using iron as a coagulant. The adsorption and coagulation process were studied through different case scenarios of jar tests. The analysis evaluated the effect of PAC dosing in the liquid phase immediately before or after the coagulant addition. Ferric sulphate was used as the coagulant with dosages from 10 to 30 mg/L, and PAC dosages varied from 10 to 40 mg/L. The highest MIB removal efficiency (about 70%) was achieved without the coagulant addition and with the highest PAC dosage (40 mg/L). Lower MIB removal efficiencies were observed in the presence of coagulant, showing a clear interference of the iron precipitate or coagulant in the adsorption process. The degree of interference of the coagulation process in the MIB removal was proportional to the ratio of ferric hydroxide mass to the PAC mass. For both cases of PAC dosing, upstream and downstream of the coagulant injection point, the MIB removal efficiency was similar. However, MIB removal efficiency was 15% lower when compared with experiments without the coagulant application. This interference in the MIB adsorption occurs potentially because the coagulant coats the surface of the carbon and interferes with the MIB coming in contact with the carbon’s surface and pores. This constraint requires an increase of the PAC dosage to provide the same efficiency observed without coagulation.     

混凝去除垃圾渗滤液中DOM的实验研究

选取氯化铁(FeCl3.6H2O)为混凝剂,以经0.45μm膜和1nm膜分子切割的垃圾渗滤液为研究对象,通过混凝剂投加量和混凝pH值实验,研究了垃圾渗滤液中DOM的去除情况,并比较了两种不同分子量水平的渗滤液中DOM的混凝去除特点。研究表明,pH值是影响渗滤液DOM去除的主要因素,氯化铁在pH=5、投加量为4g/L的条件下混凝效果最佳。混凝pH值对大分子量渗滤液中DOC去除的影响较大;而两种分子量水平的渗滤液UV254的去除差异不大。     

Removal natural organic matter in typical south-China source water during enhanced coagulation of a with IPF-PACl

Systematic investigation on enhancing removal of natural organic matter （NOM） using inorganic polymer flocculant （IPF）, polyaluminum chloride（PACI） and polyacrylamide（PAM） was performed in a typical south-China source water. Enhanced coagulation and applying polymer flocculant-aid were compared through jar tests and pilot tests. Raw water and settled water were characterized and fractionated by resin adsorption. The results show that DOC composes major part of TOC. The DOC distribution keeps relatively stable all around the year with typical high amounts of the hydrophilic matter around 50%. The distribution between HoB, HoA and HoN varies and undergoes fluctuation with the year round. During the summer season, the HoN becomes gradually the major part in hydrophobic parts. PACI with the species being tailor-made shows little pH effect during coagulation. The enhanced coagulation dosage for PACI could be 4.5 mg/L for the typical source water. The highest TOC removal achieved 31%. To be economically, 3 mg/L dose is the optimum dosage. Although hydrophilic fractions of NOM of both treatment strategies are removed about 30%, NOM causing UV254 absorbance were well removed（about 90%）. Hydrophobic bases and acids fractions are much more removed under enhanced conditions. The hydrophilic fraction could be better removed using PAM, the polymer coagulant aid.     

强化混凝去除微污染饮用原水中的As(III)

以聚合硫酸铁和聚合氯化铝为混凝剂,采用强化混凝的处理方法,对微污染饮用水原水中微量砷的去除进行了研究.考察了pH值、氧化剂用量、混凝剂投加量、砷初始浓度和原水浊度等因素对砷去除的影响.结果表明,聚合硫酸铁除砷效果好于聚合氯化铝;在pH值为6~8,微污染原水砷浓度为0.1mg/L,聚合硫酸铁投加量为0.078mmol/L时,可使滤后水中砷浓度低于0.01mg/L.     

聚硅酸硫酸铁强化混凝去除微污染水源水中天然有机污染物

应用强化混凝技术,降低原水中有机物含量,是控制消毒副产物生成的有效途径之一。通过混凝搅拌试验,评价了聚硅酸硫酸铁混凝剂对原水中有机污染物的去除效果,考察了混凝剂投加量、pH值等对去除效果的影响。结果表明：聚硅酸硫酸铁去除有机物和除浊能力明显优于硫酸铁、聚合硫酸铁,其适宜的投药量范围和pH值范围宽;聚硅酸硫酸铁在混凝过程中形成的矾花较大,沉降速度快,因而可缩短处理水在构筑物中的停留时间,提高系统的处理能力;此外,通过正交实验确定了聚硅酸硫酸铁混凝剂的最佳水力条件。