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1.
Determination of pesticides in cannabis facilities is increasingly important as medicinal and recreational uses of cannabis products expand rapidly. We report a method involving wipe sampling, liquid chromatography separation, and tandem mass spectrometry, which enables determination of 82 pesticides out of the 96 regulated by Health Canada. To demonstrate an application of the method, we sampled and measured pesticides in two cannabis growing facilities, representing a non-certified and a certified site. We detected 41 pesticides in surface wipe samples at the non-certified site and 6 at the certified site. This study provides the first evidence showing pesticide occurrence on common surfaces in cannabis growing facilities and points to a need for routine monitoring and strict control of pesticide use in cannabis facilities.  相似文献   

2.
不同国家农用地土壤环境标准比较与启示   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
农用地土壤环境质量影响农产品质量、人体健康和生态安全.经过十几年的修订,我国于2018年发布了《土壤环境质量农用地土壤风险管控标准(试行)》(GB15618-2018).与国外发达国家相比,我国土壤污染防治依然处于起步阶段,当前有关农用地土壤环境标准相关的综述研究相对较少.本文系统梳理了国内外17个国家或地区的农用地土壤环境标准,从标准体系、保护目标、制定方法、覆盖指标、分析方法、标准数值和影响因素等方面进行对比分析.结果表明,我国农用地风险管控标准污染指标较少、均为总量指标,且制定过程缺乏标准化的推导方法.因此,我国农用地土壤风险管控标准仍需要持续地补充、修订和完善,建议后续加强农用地土壤环境基准和背景值等基础研究,建立科学、规范基准和标准制定方法,逐渐完善风险管控标准指标数量、形态和有效性指标,同时鼓励建立区域和地方配套农用地标准,为我国农用地土壤风险管控标准的优化和完善提供参考.  相似文献   

3.
城市污水再生利用是缓解城市缺水问题和改善城市水环境质量的重要方法,其前提是水质安全保障.城市污水中近年来不断检出新兴微量有机污染物(trace organic contaminants,TOrCs),如抗生素、全氟化合物、雌激素等,是再生水水质安全的重要威胁.针对城市污水再生深度处理需明确新兴TOrCs控制目标和处理技术的需求,系统比较了欧盟、美国、澳大利亚等再生水利用先行国家和地区在TOrCs控制目标、指南、规范、技术与工艺管理等方面的研究和实践进展.结果表明,由于TOrCs浓度低且种类多,TOrCs被分为高风险TOrCs和指示性TOrCs.美国加州地区和澳大利亚根据风险水平和检出水平分别提出了高风险TOrCs和指示性TOrCs种类清单和浓度限值,然而该清单中的TOrCs种类和浓度限值尚未列入强制标准或规范.针对再生水TOrCs风险控制需求,瑞士、美国加州等提出了多级屏障再生水处理工艺.瑞士提出,城市污水深度处理对卡马西平等药品类TOrCs去除率应大于80%,美国加州规定补充饮用水源的再生水深度处理应去除69%以上的1,4-二恶烷.此外,TOrCs控制高度依赖重源头控污(工业废水阻断)、单元协同、在线监控反馈与实时优化等全流程安全保障措施.随着我国再生水用量持续增加,用途不断拓展,亟需制定针对性强、现实可行的TOrCs控制指南和规范,包括明确高风险和指示性TOrCs,推动多级屏障再生水深度处理工艺,以TOrCs去除率为深度处理目标.   相似文献   

4.
新兴污染物水环境保护标准及其实用型去除技术   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
近年来,在国内外的城市污水、地表水、饮用水中,频繁检出一些新兴污染物,严重威胁着生态安全和饮用水水质安全.传统的有机污染物综合指标,如化学需氧量(COD)、生化需氧量(BOD)等不能反映该类污染物的污染状况,也不能完全代表水质状况,因此建立控制新兴污染物的水环境保护标准十分必要.另外,从众多研究的去除技术中识别出高效、经济、可行的实用型去除技术对实际污水处理厂去除新兴污染物的意义重大.本文主要分析与介绍国内外有关新兴污染物的水环境保护标准现状,并基于发达国家的实际案例,总结了针对新兴污染物的一些实用型去除技术,以期对相关水环境保护标准的制定起到推动作用,并为后续污水处理厂的升级改造提供技术支持.  相似文献   

5.
环境管理、应急处置和水质标准修订工作亟需石油类污染物淡水水质基准研究作为支撑. 本文筛选整理了大量本土物种毒性数据,利用SSD (物种敏感度分布法)和TPR (毒性百分数排序法)分析了5种典型石油类污染物(原油、苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯)的淡水水生生物急性毒理数据,获得了保护我国淡水水生生物的短期水质基准值. 通过综合对比分析,认为利用SSD获得的基准值可作为石油类污染物的短期水质基准推荐阈值,原油和BTEX(苯系物,包括苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯)的短期水质基准值分别为0.065、2.000、2.340、1.295和1.595 mg/L. 结果表明:①原油的毒性远大于BTEX,这可能是由于毒性的联合作用使得石油的毒性变强. ② 绿水螅对原油最敏感,原因可能是水螅更容易通过摄食或直接摄取获得原油WAF(水溶性组分)的有毒成分;鱼类相较于其他物种对苯更为敏感,而对其他BTEX而言,最敏感物种为节肢动物,原因可能是鱼类和节肢动物器官分化程度以及试验时的龄期选择存在差异,鱼类更易在短时间内将苯代谢为有毒的代谢产物. ③ 不同BTEX的敏感物种虽存在一定差异,但基准值未有数量级的差异. 研究显示,我国现行地表水环境质量标准中石油类标准未单独针对保护水生生物制定,BTEX标准的保护目标是基于人体健康而非水生生物,研究结果对我国石油类污染物环境管理、突发油类污染物对水生生物的危害及风险评估以及淡水水生生物特别是本土物种保护的水质标准制修订工作具有重要的借鉴作用.   相似文献   

6.
Agriculture, pesticides, food security and food safety   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Decades ago, agrochemicals were introduced aiming at enhancing crop yields and at protecting crops from pests. Due to adaptation and resistance developed by pests to chemicals, every year higher amounts and new chemical compounds are used to protect crops, causing undesired side effects and raising the costs of food production. Eventually, new techniques, including genetically modified organisms (GMOs) resistant to pests, could halt the massive spread of agrochemicals in agriculture fields. Biological chemical-free agriculture is gaining also more and more support but it is still not able to respond to the need for producing massive amounts of food. The use of agrochemicals, including pesticides, remains a common practice especially in tropical regions and South countries. Cheap compounds, such as DDT, HCH and lindane, that are environmentally persistent, are today banned from agriculture use in developed countries, but remain popular in developing countries. As a consequence, persistent residues of these chemicals contaminate food and disperse in the environment. Coordinated efforts are needed to increase the production of food but with a view to enhanced food quality and safety as well as to controlling residues of persistent pesticides in the environment.  相似文献   

7.
Food consumption is one of the key exposure routes of humans to contaminants. This article evaluated the residue levels of 51 pesticides and 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in selected fish and food items which were commonly consumed in the Nantong area of Jiangsu Province, Southeast China. The 51 pesticides and 16 PCBs were analyzed by highly sensitive gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The results showed that organochlorine pesticides such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and mirex and other pesticides including chlorpyrifos, pyrethroid pesticides, metolachlor, pyridaben and trifluralin were frequently detected in the samples, which was consistent with the accumulation level and characteristics of these toxic chemicals in human adipose tissue of people living in Nantong. Meanwhile, correlation of the residue level of toxic chemicals with their physical chemical properties and historic use pattern in Nantong area was observed. Combined with dietary survey results at the same sampling locations, human health risk assessment of ingestion through the dietary route was performed. The results suggested that the non-cancer risks of the chemicals investigated can be considered negligible in the Nantong area, however, the cancer risks from lifetime dietary exposure to DDTs and HCB have exceeded the acceptable levels.  相似文献   

8.
阿特拉津和溴氰菊酯降解规律及其分析方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈玲  汤杰 《上海环境科学》1999,18(8):376-378
研究了阿特拉津(atrazine)和溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin0两类农药在环境介质中的降解行为,详细比较了两者降解性能之间存在的差异,并明确指出它们的降解产物都具有一定的毒性和更强的极性,通过对阿特拉津及其降解产物的研究实例,说明了在研究环境介质中残余微量农药的检测方法时,建立以农药家族及其降解产物为整体的系统分析方法是必要的。  相似文献   

9.
肖融  楚文海 《环境科学研究》2021,34(6):1328-1337
饮用水水质安全是关乎千家万户的重大民生问题,其中消毒工艺是保障饮用水微生物安全不可或缺的重要措施,然而由消毒剂与前体物反应生成的DBPs(消毒副产物)被发现具有潜在的健康风险,如致癌及引起发育副作用等.随着对饮用水中DBPs的重视程度不断提高,世界上多个国家、地区或组织将DBPs指标纳入标准.为对我国饮用水水质标准中DBPs指标的制定和修订提出可参考的建议,比较了国内外饮用水和再生水饮用回用水质标准中的DBPs指标,包括DBPs种类、对应的浓度限值和监测要求等.结果表明:①我国饮用水水质标准中涵盖的DBPs种类较多,其中地方标准相较于国标而言对DBPs指标的要求更为严格,但较少考虑综合性指标(如总有机卤素)和高毒性含氮DBPs(如卤乙腈);②国外多部饮用水水质标准或准则中包含一些无浓度限值规定但已知具有较高健康风险的DBPs,此举可指导有关部门进一步开展浓度调研和毒性试验,为未来水质标准的制定提供参考依据.研究显示,我国饮用水标准中DBPs指标需要考虑综合性指标的选取与管控以及高风险指标的甄别和筛查,另外还需因地制宜加强地方性标准的建设工作.   相似文献   

10.
Wastewater reclamation and reuse has been proved to be an effective way to relieve the fresh water crisis. However, toxic contaminants remaining in reclaimed water could lead to potential risk for reuse, and the conventional water quality standards have difficulty guaranteeing the safety of reclaimed water. Bioassays can vividly reflect the integrated biological effects of multiple toxic substances in water as a whole, and could be a powerful tool for evaluating the safety of reclaimed water. Therefore, in this study, the advantages and disadvantages of using bioassays for evaluating the safety of reclaimed water were compared with those of conventional water quality standards. Although bioassays have been widely used to describe the toxic effects of reclaimed water and treatment efficiency of reclamation techniques, a single bioassay cannot reflect the complex toxicity of reclaimed water, and a battery of bioassays involving multiple biological effects or in vitro tests with specific toxicity mechanisms would be recommended. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the safety of reclaimed water based on bioassay results, various methods including potential toxicology, the toxicity unit classification system, and a potential eco-toxic effects probe are summarized as well. Especially, some integrated ranking methods based on a bioassay battery involving multiple toxicity effects are recommended as useful tools for evaluating the safety of reclaimed water, which will benefit the promotion and guarantee the rapid development of the reclamation and reuse of wastewater.  相似文献   

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