装修后室内污染物分布特征

现代人80%以上的时间是在室内度过的,室内实际上已成为越来越多的人最直接、最经常的生活环境.与此同时,室内空气质量的优劣也越来越受到人们的关注.本文在呼和浩特市选择新近装修的居室,对其室内空气中甲醛、一氧化碳、氡的含量进行了现场实测,分析了居室装修后室内主要空气污染物的污染水平.实验结果表明,目前新近装修的居室内存在严重的甲醛污染,其超标率达到93.3%,随装修后时间的推移室内甲醛含量逐渐降低,室内甲醛含量与装修后的时间呈负相关;在所测定的居室中,一氧化碳浓度均未超标;氡的超标率也很低,仅为1.7%.     

家庭室内装修后甲醛污染现状及其变化规律探讨

探讨家庭室内装修后空气中甲醛污染现状及其变化规律.按照室内装修后时间长短不同及温度的变化进行跟踪检测.经过装修的居室室内空气中的甲醛浓度均高出(甚至远远高出)楼房竣工验收时的浓度.说明甲醛污染主要由装修引起,装修后装饰材料(板材等)仍能释放甲醛,并造成室内甲醛超标,随着时间的推移,室内甲醛浓度逐渐降低.但是,随着夏季气温的升高,冬季装修的居室甲醛浓度会急剧升高,造成室内空气严重的"二次污染".     

新装修住房室内空气污染调查分析

为了解新装修后居室内空气污染状况及污染物来源,对12套普通新装修住宅测定了居室内空气中甲醛、氨浓度.结果表明:12套新装修住宅共测定样品47件,样品合格率为21.3%,其中装修后家具装饰齐全的住宅样品合格率最低;新装修居室空气中甲醛浓度的降低是一个长期缓慢的过程;大量使用易挥发甲醛的装饰材料(人造板材)造成新装修居室空气中甲醛污染严重.     

室内空气耗氧量及其影响因素研究

本文讨论了空气耗氧量指标的可行性、适用范围和影响因素。室内空气耗氧量主要与人群活动、吸烟和臭源等污染来源有关,并与CO、CO_2及NH_3呈现高度相关。清洁的大气,室内空气耗氧量分别为6.13±0.53和4.06±0.44mg/m~2。室内空气污染时,空气耗氧量可增高到15.61～28.30mg/m~3。通过实验室模拟和现场测定,初步证实空气耗氧量可用于评价居室,公共场所等处的空气污染状况。     

甲醛等室内主要污染物分布特征与影响评价

现代人80%以上的时间是在室内度过的,室内实际上已成为越来越多的人最直接、最经常的生活环境。与此同时,室内空气质量的优劣也越来越受到人们的关注。本文在呼和浩特市选择不同时间装修的居室,对其室内空气中甲醛、氨、一氧化碳、氡的含量进行了实测,分析了居室装修后室内主要空气污染物的污染水平以及各污染物的分布特征。数据表明,目前新近装修的居室内存在严重的甲醛污染,其超标率达到55.81%,随装修后时间的推移室内甲醛含量逐渐减少,其超标率逐渐降低,说明室内甲醛含量与室内通风状况有明显的正相关性;在所测定的居室中,一氧化碳及氨均未超标,氡的超标率为20%。     

北京市三类住宅室内CO、颗粒物污染及其元素分析

根据对三类有代表性住宅进行一年四季的有关监测及对户主所作个体碳氧血红蛋白(COHb)测定,研究表明室内空气污染较严重,尤其在冬季,颗粒物浓度普遍经常超标,CO更甚,可高达47ppm,室内空气污染与住房类型,特别是与取暖方式,关系密切,同类住宅当改用了中心供暖后,污染大为改善,30种元素分析表明是典型的燃煤夹杂风砂的污染,室内Pb浓度较高可能与使用液化石油气(LPG)灶具有关,吸烟的影响有时可被严重的室内污染所掩盖。     

室内空气中苯和甲苯浓度分布特征调查

室内挥发性有机物(VOCs)中的苯和甲苯是造成室内空气污染的主要原因之一。对某系列办公室和民用住宅进行空气采样，运用气相色谱法进行分析。结果表明，对于内部装修后超过1年的办公室、室内苯、甲苯浓度均不超过标准限值：苯浓度占TVOC的1．3％—13％，其中大部分房间为7％左右：甲苯浓度占TVOC的0％—8．5％，其中大部分房间为5％以下：室内苯浓度一般高于甲苯浓度。对于内部装修后1—2月内的民用住宅，室内苯、甲苯污染相当严重，部分住宅远远超出标准限值：苯浓度一般低于或接近甲苯浓度。因此，可以认为室内甲苯的释放速度比苯快。     

某地区室内挥发性有机物污染状况的调查研究

室内空气污染日益严重,它影响着居室人员的健康和工作效率。文章对所在地区10户典型住宅的室内空气污染状况进行调查研究。按夏冬两季分别连续检测了室内外常见的13类挥发性有机物(VOCs)和3种羟基化合物的浓度以及人员暴露浓度,通过不同住宅、不同污染物浓度测试结果的标准差S.D(.Standard Deviation)值,分析了其污染源特性,并结合问卷调查的方式了解了各污染物浓度的分布特性。     

室内空气质量中的TVOC含量的调查

调查分析了居室或公共场所在装饰装修后,室内空气中挥发性有机污染物(以下简称TVOC)在不同时间内的污染水平和可能对人体造成不同程度的影响,讨论社会各界所关注的装饰装修后室内空气质量问题,提出对室内空气污染TVOC的控制对策.     

装修房屋室内空气的污染

调查了装修后的住宅和办公室室内空气中挥发性有机物,同时对室外空气进行了调查.共检出20多种挥发性有机物.装修后室内甲醛和苯及其他苯系物含量明显高于室外.装修后室内空气甲醛质量浓度为0.1～2.4 mg/m3,在装修后短期内甲醛质量浓度更高,有时达到13.4 mg/m3;苯质量浓度为0.03～0.17 mg/m3.装修一年内甲醛、苯和苯乙烯普遍超标.卤代烃含量一般是数个μg/m3,与室外没有显著性差异.      

非程序升温色谱法分析CO/CO2加氢反应混合物

在非程序升温单桩色谱仪上，采用双柱温法对ＣＯ／ＣＯ２加氢反应混合物进行在线分析，设置条件为３ｍ长的色谱柱ＧＤＸ－４０３，柱前压和检测温度固定不变，氢气为载气，ＴＣＤ为检测器，结果表明：在柱温３１３Ｋ，可以分析ＣＯ、ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２。在柱温３６８Ｋ，可以分析Ｈ２Ｏ和甲醇。通过计算反应前后２组物质浓度的变化，可以快速、准确评价催化剂的活性和选择性。     

Thermodynamics of NaHCO3 decomposition during Na2CO3-based CO2 capture

Amine-basedcarbon-capture technologies have been shown to be energetically expensive and to cause significant environmental and epidemiological impacts due to their volatility.Bicarbonate formation from carbon dioxide's reaction with water has been suggested as an effective alternative for capturing CO_2;however,the thermodynamics of this reaction are not well understood.This study experimentally determined the equilibrium constant of sodium bicarbonate(Na HCO_3)decomposition to sodium,water,and carbon dioxide;the study also compared the equilibrium constant to theoretical calculations.Using a combination of experimentation and thermodynamic relationships,the unitless equilibrium constants of the forward and reverse reactions were calculated accurately(error±9%and±4%,respectively).Equilibrium data were calculated using enthalpy and entropy values of each component of Na HCO_3decomposition at temperatures ranging from 25 to 155°C respectively.These results offer more data essential to optimizing Na HCO_3use in environmentally friendly nextgeneration CO_2-capture technologies.     

神王电气（北京）有限公司

在变频器的基础上，增加了负载跟踪功能，实现了变频调速和实时跟踪负载双重节电。     

CO2 Capture in Pulp and Paper Mills: CO2 Balances and Preliminary Cost Assessment

This paper investigates overall CO₂ balances of combined heat and power (CHP) plants with CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) in Kraft pulp and paper mills. The CHP plants use biomass-based fuels and feature advanced gasification and combined cycle technology. Results from simple process simulations of the considered CHP plants are presented. Based on those results and taking into account the major direct and indirect changes in CO₂ emissions, the study shows that implementing CCS leads to steep emission reductions. Furthermore, a preliminary cost assessment is carried out to analyse the CO₂ mitigation cost and its dependence on the distance that the CO₂ must be transported to injection sites.     

天津市鸿峰麟商贸有限公司

鸿峰麟商贸有限公司是专业从事节能，环保技术开发，应用，销售于一体的高科技企业。本公司推广的GOLDSAVER系列节电产品一经投放市场，就以节能效果显而得到政府相关部门的的大力推介并受到广大客户的认可，GOLDSAVER节电产品将成为高科技节能产品的里程碑。     

Affordable CO2 negative emission through hydrogen from biomass,ocean liming,and CO2 storage

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - A new process to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, by combining commercial industrial technologies with ocean liming and CO2...     

负载量对氨水吸收CO2的影响规律及添加剂的作用研究

进行了氨法脱碳过程中吸收剂中CO2负载量对CO2脱除率影响的实验研究.结果发现,CO2脱除率随着负载量的增大而显著减小,高负载量(≥0.4)时,增加吸收液中总氨质量分数(吸收液中所有包含氨分子和铵离子的物质,并统一换算成NH3的质量分数)并不能有效地提高CO2的脱除率.同时,分别对有机和无机添加剂进行筛选,选取哌嗪(PZ)和十二水磷酸钠(Na3PO4·12H2O)对吸收剂中高CO2负载鼍条件下的氨水溶液进行改性.实验结果表明,当哌嗪(PZ)浓度与总氨浓度之比为0.08,在吸收荆中CO2负载量为0.4、0.5和0.6的条件下,CO2脱除率可分别提高29.4%、31.0%和21.7%;当Na3PO4·12H2O浓度与总氨浓度之比为0.10,在吸收剂中CO2负载量为0.4、0.5和0.6的条件下,CO2脱除率可分别提高11.0%、11.7%和17.1%.     

Emission factors of particulate matter, CO and CO2 in the pyrolytic processing of typical electronic wastes

A self-designed experimental device was employed to simulate the pyrolytic dismantling process of selected electronic wastes(E-wastes), including printed wiring boards(PWBs)and plastic casings. The generated particulate matter(PM) of different particle sizes, carbon monoxide(CO) and carbon dioxide(CO_2) were determined, and the corresponding emission factors(EFs) were estimated. Finer particles with particle sizes of 0.4–2.1 μm accounted for78.9% and 89.3% of PM emitted by the pyrolytic processing of PWBs and plastic casings,respectively, and the corresponding EFs were 9.68 ± 4.81 and 18.49 ± 7.2 g/kg, respectively.The EFs of CO and CO_2 from PWBs and plastic casings were 55.9 ± 26.9 and 1182 ± 439 g/kg,and 133.6 ± 34.6 and 2827 ± 276 g/kg, respectively. Compared with other emission sources,such as coal, biomass, and traffic exhaust, the EFs of E-wastes were relatively higher,especially for PM. There were significant positive correlations(p 0.05) of the initial contents of carbon and nitrogen in PWBs with the related EFs of PM, CO, and CO_2, while the correlations for plastic casings were insignificant. The EFs of CO of PWBs were significantly positively correlated with the corresponding EFs of PM and the parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs); however, the same result was not observed for plastic casings.