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1.
Water quality evaluation based on improved fuzzy matter-element method   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
For natural water, method of water quality evaluation based on improved fuzzy matter-element evaluation method is presented. Two important parts are improved, the weights determining and fuzzy membership functions. The coefficient of variation of each indicator is used to determine the weight instead of traditional calculating superscales method. On the other hand, fuzzy matter-elements are constructed, and normal membership degrees are used instead of traditional trapezoidal ones. The composite fuzzy matter-elements with associated coefficient are constructed through associated transformation. The levels of natural water quality are determined according to the principle of maximum correlation. The improved fuzzy matter-element evaluation method is applied to evaluate water quality of the Luokou mainstream estuary at the first ten weeks in 2011 with the coefficient of variation method determining the weights. Water quality of Luokou mainstream estuary is dropping from level I to level II. The results of the improved evaluation method are basically the same as the official water quality. The variation coefficient method can reduce the workload, and overcome the adverse effects from abnormal values, compared with the traditional calculating superscales method. The results of improved fuzzy matter-element evaluation method are more credible than the ones of the traditional evaluation method. The improved evaluation method can use information of monitoring data more scientifically and comprehensively, and broaden a new evaluation method for water quality assessment.  相似文献   

2.
An objective and quantitative evaluation method on land environmental quality for agricultural purpose in a county range is studied in this paper. The method takes into account the quantity of heat, precipitation, meteorological disaster and soil fertility, which have close relationship to the potential productivity of land and can be expressed conveniently and accurately by taking Kai County as an example. Besides comprehensive grading assessment, assessment with Hilbert Space distance coefficiency and comprehensive judgement by fuzzy sets theory, the assessment factors are expanded to 18 parameters, and fuzzy dominance matrix and fuzzy clustering methods are adopted for regional comprehensive identification of agriculture-use land. Among these methods, each benefits from association with the other. In this paper, an all-round and objective new way for understanding of land environmental quality is put forward.  相似文献   

3.
Scientifically sound methods to rapidly measure fecal indicator bacteria are important to ensure safe water for drinking and recreational purposes.A total of 200 water samples obtained from the Three Gorges Reservoir during three successive one-year study periods(October 2009 to September 2012) were analyzed using multiple-tube fermentation(MTF)and most probable numbers combined with polymerase chain reaction(MPN–PCR).The MPN–PCR method was found to be significantly more sensitive than the MTF method for detecting Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp.,and of equal sensitivity for detecting total coliforms when all surface water samples were grouped together.The two analytical methods had a strong,significant relationship,but MPN–PCR took only 12–18 hr,compared with the 3–8 days needed using the MTF method.Bacterial concentrations varied per sampling site but were significantly lower in the mainstream of the Yangtze River than those in the backwater areas of tributaries.The water quality of 85.8% of water samples from the mainstream was suitable for use as a centralized potable water source,while the water quality of 52.5% of water samples from the backwater areas was unsuitable for recreational activities.Relationships between fecal indicator bacteria showed significant correlation(r = 0.636–0.909,p 0.01,n = 200),while a weak but significant correlation was found between fecal indicators and water turbidity,water temperature,daily inflow,and total dissolved solids(r = 0.237–0.532,p 0.05,n = 200).The study indicated that MPN–PCR is a rapid and easily performed deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)-based method for quantitative detection of viable total coliforms,E.coli,and Enterococcus spp.in surface water.  相似文献   

4.
The estimation and allocation of water environmental capacity (WEC) are essential to water quality management and social-economic interests. However, there is inevitable uncertainty in the capacity estimation due to model conceptualization, data collection and parameter calibration. An innovative holistic approach was developed, which took both independence and relevance between parameters into account to analyze the uncertainties in WEC calculation and estimate the margin of safety. The Doniang River was taken as the case to demonstrate the method, focusing on the chemical oxygen demand and NH-N that were the two major water quality problems in the river. The results showed that the proposed holistic approach is very promising and applicable compared to traditional methods of uncertainty analysis.  相似文献   

5.
Changes in water quality from source water to finished water and tap water at two conventional drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs) were monitored.Beside the routine water quality testing,Caenorhabditis elegans-based toxicity assays and the fluorescence excitation–emission matrices technique were also applied.Both DWTPs supplied drinking water that met government standards.Under current test conditions,both the investigated finished water and tap water samples exhibited stronger lethal,genotoxic and reprotoxic potential than the relative source water sample,and the tap water sample was more lethal but tended to be less genotoxic than the corresponding finished water sample.Meanwhile,the nearly complete removal of tryptophan-like substances and newly generated tyrosine-like substances were observed after the treatment of drinking water,and humic-like substances were identified in the tap water.Based on these findings,toxic pollutants,including genotoxic/reproductive toxicants,are produced in the drinking water treatment and/or distribution processes.Moreover,further studies are needed to clarify the potentially important roles of tyrosine-like and humic-like substances in mediating drinking water toxicity and to identify the potential sources of these contaminants.Additionally,tryptophan-like fluorescence may be adopted as a useful parameter to monitor the treatment performance of DWTPs.Our observations provided insights into the importance of utilizing biotoxicity assays and fluorescence spectroscopy as tools to complement the routine evaluation of drinking water.  相似文献   

6.
The demand for water resources in the area south of the Dead Sea due to continued development, especially at the Arab Potash Company (APC) for production and domestic purposes necessitates that water quality in the area be monitored and evaluated based on the local geology and hydrogeology. The objective of this paper is to monitor seasonal fluctuations of groundwater and to determine how fluctuation in the water levels will affect the groundwater quality. Groundwater levels were found to be influenced by rainfall and pumping of water from the wells for domestic and industrial use. Twenty water samples were collected from different wells and analyzed for major chemical constituents both in pre- and post-seasons to determine the quality variation. Chemical constituents are significantly increased after post-season recharge. According to the overall assessment of the area, water quality was found to be useful for drinking, irrigation and industry.  相似文献   

7.
Effects of sterilization treatments on the analysis of TOC in water samples   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Decomposition experiments conducted with and without microbial processes are commonly used to study the effects of environmental microorganisms on the degradation of organic pollutants.However,the effects of biological pretreatment (sterilization) on organic matter often have a negative impact on such experiments.Based on the principle of water total organic carbon (TOC) analysis,the effects of physical sterilization treatments on determination of TOC and other water quality parameters were investigated.The results revealed that two conventional physical sterilization treatments,autoclaving and 60 Co γ-radiation sterilization,led to the direct decomposition of some organic pollutants,resulting in remarkable errors in the analysis of TOC in water samples.Furthermore,the extent of the errors varied with the intensity and the duration of sterilization treatments.Accordingly,a novel sterilization method for water samples,0.45 μm micro-filtration coupled with ultraviolet radiation (MCUR),was developed in the present study.The results indicated that the MCUR method was capable of exerting a high bactericidal effect on the water sample while significantly decreasing the negative impact on the analysis of TOC and other water quality parameters.Before and after sterilization treatments,the relative errors of TOC determination could be controlled to lower than 3% for water samples with different categories and concentrations of organic pollutants by using MCUR.  相似文献   

8.
Modeling of residual chlorine in water distribution system   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Water quality within water distribution system may vary with both location and time.Water quality models are used to predict the spatial and temporal variation of water quality throughout water system.A model of residual chlorine decay in water pipe has been developed, given the consumption of chlorine in reactions with chemicals in bulk water,bio-films on pipe wall, in corrosion process, and the mass transport of chlorine from bulk water to pipe wall.Analytical methods of the flow path from water sources to the observed point and the water age of every observed node were proposed .Model is used to predict the decay of residual chlorine in an actual distribution system.Good agreement between calculated and measured values was obtained.  相似文献   

9.
Amino acids (AAs) are prevalent in source water, particularly during spring run-off. Monitoring of amino acids in source water is desirable for water treatment plants (WTP) to indicate changes in source water quality. The objective of this study was to establish analytical procedures for reliable monitoring of amino acids in source water. Therefore, we examined two different methods, large volume inject (LVI) and solid phase extraction (SPE), for sample preparation prior to HILIC-MS/MS. The LVI-HILIC-MS/MS method can provide fast and sensitive detection for clean samples, but suffers from matrix effects, resulting in irreproducible separation and shortening column lifetime. We have demonstrated that SPE was necessary prior to HILIC-MS/MS to achieve reproducible and reliable quantification of AAs in source water. A natural heterocyclic amine 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCCA) was also included in the method to indicate changes in other natural nitrogenous compounds in source water. The SPE-HILIC-MS/MS method was able to achieve limits of detection from 2.6-3400 ng/L for the amino acids and MTCCA with RSDs (n=3) of 1.1%-4.8%. As well, retention times (RT) of the analytes were reproducible with variation less than 0.01 min (n=3) through the entire project. We further applied the SPE-HILIC-MS/MS method to determine AAs in authentic source water samples collected from two drinking water treatment plants (WTPs) during the 2021 spring run-off season. The results support that the SPE-HILIC-MS/MS method does not require derivatization and can provide reliable, accurate, and robust analysis of AAs and MTCCA in source water, supporting future monitoring of source water quality.  相似文献   

10.
Urban villages are unique residential neighborhoods in urban areas in China. Roof tanks are their main form of water supply, and water quality deterioration might occur in this system because of poor hygienic conditions and maintenance. In this study, water samples were seasonally collected from an urban village to investigate the influence of roof tanks as an additional water storage device on the variation in the microbial community structure and pathogenic gene markers. Water stagnation in th...  相似文献   

11.
李婧  唐敏  梁亦欣 《环境工程》2020,38(5):60-64,190
分别采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数评价法和模糊综合评价法对2015—2018年河南省辖海河流域的水质改善效果进行评价分析。结果表明:3种方法的评价结果基本一致,2015—2018年河南省辖海河流域整体水质呈现改善趋势。但各方法侧重点有所不同。单因子评价结果显示,海河流域21项污染因子Ⅰ—Ⅲ类数量占比由2015年的69.63%增加至2018年的89.52%,劣Ⅴ类占比由2015年的15.13%减少至2018年的0.85%;海河流域综合污染指数由2015年的0.89降低至2018年的0.56,水质级别由中度污染改善为轻度污染,其中卫河、共产主义渠、大沙河、安阳河、汤河、马颊河的水质状况均有一定改善;模糊评价结果显示,NH3-N和TP在9项评价因子中权重占比较大,是河南省辖海河流域的主要污染因子;2018年8条河流均达到Ⅰ—Ⅲ类水质。前2种评价方法适用于管理分析,模糊评价法可补充说明河流存在的问题,更适用于研究工作。  相似文献   

12.
海河是中国华北地区最大的水系,承载着京津冀城市群经济社会的发展.为总结海河水生态环境的变化趋势,梳理海河水污染防治与保护的经验,采用文献调研等方法系统整理分析了新中国成立以来海河流域旱涝灾害、水污染事件以及治理和管理措施,将海河治理分为4个阶段:第一阶段(1949—1971年)旱涝灾害频繁发生,遵循“上蓄、中疏、下排、适当滞”思路,进行抗旱防洪等水利工程建设;第二阶段(1972—1995年)流域经济快速发展,水质急剧恶化,以提升防洪标准和强力治理污染源为思路,进行旱涝灾害和水体污染的共同治理;第三阶段(1996—2005年)水体污染趋势得到遏制,以“关、停、并、转”为主要手段进行污染物的源头削减;第四阶段(2006年至今)海河被列入水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(简称“水专项”)重点示范流域,在“控源减排、减负修复、综合调控”思路指导下,以水专项科技成果为支持,推动流域水体污染的系统治理.与20世纪90年代相比,2019年海河水质明显改善,GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质断面比例从1998年的25.3%升至2019年的51.9%,劣Ⅴ类水质断面比例从59.6%降至7.5%.但是海河水污染形势仍然严峻,依然存在水资源短缺、水污染压力大、水生态受损等问题,海河治理应遵循流域水质目标管理的思路,统筹好水资源、水环境、水生态,保障海河生态基流,改善水环境质量,恢复和维护健康河流生态系统功能.   相似文献   

13.
为克服综合评价模型中因子权重定量的不确定性与主观性,体现出同一地下水质因子在不同地下水水源地评价单元中存在的差异性,采用地下水质因子污染贡献率确定各地下水质因子的权重,改进了欧式距离模型,建立了农村地下水源地水质评价的变权欧式距离模型,并以阜新市典型乡镇后新秋镇、苇子沟乡、哈尔套镇3个农村地下水水源地为评价对象,将2013年阜新市农村地下水水源地水质实测数据、标准数据规范化,运用数轴模型距离尺度进行地下水水质分割。评价结果与F值法结果基本吻合,变权欧式距离模型的距离尺度能够提高地下水水质评价结果的定量灵敏度,变权欧式距离模型具备一定的环境参数评价充分性、一致性及有效性。  相似文献   

14.
海河流域河流生态系统健康评价   总被引:23,自引:5,他引:18       下载免费PDF全文
郝利霞  孙然好  陈利顶 《环境科学》2014,35(10):3692-3701
随着经济发展,人类活动对河流生态系统的胁迫日益强烈,生态系统健康状况受到严重威胁.本研究以海河流域2010年73个采样点的水质、营养盐和底栖动物指标为例,采用指标体系法,从化学完整性和生物完整性两方面评价了流域内河流生态系统健康.结果表明,海河流域河流生态系统健康状况整体较差,有72.6%的样点处于"极差"健康状态,同时表现出明显的地区集聚效应;河流水质与人类活动强度密切相关;海河流域水体富营养化趋势明显;流域内底栖动物多样性低,清洁物种较少.氨氮、总氮、总磷等营养盐指标是影响河流生态系统健康的关键因子,应从控制上述指标入手,遏制海河流域河流生态系统健康恶化.对于河流生态系统健康评价,多因子的综合评价法优于单因子评价法.  相似文献   

15.
我国七大流域河道生态用水现状评价   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
从河流生态用水的基本属性出发,提出了河道生态用水"量"与"质"的评价方法,其中量的评价方法包括水资源利用率法、实测径流法、消耗系数等3种方法,质的评价是基于污径比指标进行评价,并确定了"量"与"质"的评价标准。以我国松花江、辽河、海河、黄河、淮河、长江、珠江等7个流域为例,采用上述方法进行实证分析,结果表明,如果单纯从量的角度进行评价,仅海河、黄河流域存在河道生态用水短缺现象,其它流域总体上为基本不短缺。但是如果对生态用水的质进行评价,只有松花江、长江和珠江的水质可以满足生态用水的要求,其它流域均在较差等级以下。结果表明只有从量和质两个方面进行评价,才能够揭示出我国生态用水的水量性或者水质性短缺的现实状况。  相似文献   

16.
判别分析方法在水质评价中的应用——以饮马河流域为例   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
应用判别分析方法对饮马河流域4个断面的水质进行了判别归类。经过变量的引入和剔除,依次选入溶解氧、硝酸盐、总磷、化学需氧量、高锰酸盐指数、氯离子6种因子为主要评价因子,并建立了地表水水质评价的数学模型,其判别函数可以成功地对地表水的水质进行判别。结果显示,饮马河和岔路河的水质较好,大部分属于II类水,少数为I类水;双阳河的水质较差,已达到V类水,少数为IV类水。研究表明,判别分析方法在水质评价中的应用具有一定的实际意义,筛选出的变量对判别水质有显著作用。  相似文献   

17.
A fuzzy improved water pollution index was proposed based on fuzzy inference system and water pollution index. This method can not only give a comprehensive water quality rank, but also describe the water quality situation with a quantitative value, which is convenient for the water quality comparison between the same ranks. This proposed method is used to assess water quality of Qu River in Sichuan, China. Data used in the assessment were collected from four monitoring stations from 2006 to 2010. The assessment results show that Qu River water quality presents a downward trend and the overall water quality in 2010 is the worst. The spatial variation indicates that water quality of Nanbashequ section is the pessimal. For the sake of comparison, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and grey relational method were also employed to assess water quality of Qu River. The comparisons of these three approaches'' assessment results show that the proposed method is reliable.  相似文献   

18.
基于模糊权重下的多层评价地下水资源模型的构建及应用   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2  
在应用模糊权重与层次分析法的基础上,构建多层综合评价地下水资源模型.应用该模型对海河流域的地下水资源进行综合评价,分别选取太行山前地带的石家庄、中部平原地带的沧州和衡水、东部滨海地带的天津为典型评价地区;水量以评价区域为评判集,而水质采用单项指标5级分级标准.评价结果:石家庄的优先排序为第1位,表明其不仅水量丰富,而且水质较好,适合各种用途;天津处于第2位,该地区水质一般,储量较少,适合于生活饮用供水源和农业用水,但近海地区出现不同程度的海水倒灌,水的矿化度过高,不能直接利用;沧州和衡水排在后2位,表明该地区水质较差,储量也少,适用于农业和某些工业用水,经过必要的处理后方可作为生活饮用水.  相似文献   

19.
海河流域水生态功能一级二级分区   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
水生态功能分区是实现流域水环境"分区、分级、分期和分类"管理的基础.通过分析海河流域的陆地和水生态系统特点,确定了一级二级分区的指标体系,一级分区指标包括地貌类型、径流深、年降水量、年蒸发量,反映水资源供给功能的空间格局特征,共划分了6个一级水生态功能区;二级分区利用植被类型和土壤类型的空间异质性,反映流域生态水文过程及水质净化功能的空间格局特征,共划分了16个二级水生态功能区.最后,通过野外调查各个分区的水生态系统结构和生境差异性(水量、水质、河流生境、水生动植物等),对一级和二级分区结果进行了评价.分区结果能够为海河流域的水质目标管理和区域生态环境建设提供支持,分区方法和指标体系也可以为国内其它类似流域的水生态功能分区提供参考.  相似文献   

20.
用主成分分析的方法,找出影响废黄河2007年水质的主成分,计算各样本的主成分得分,用聚类分析的方法将样本水质分类,结合分类结果及水质综合评分对各样本水质进行评价。  相似文献   

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