杭州西溪湿地CH4、CO2通量及其主要影响因子

本研究采用便携式温室气体分析仪连接通量箱在线监测杭州西溪湿地CH_4、CO_2通量日变化及季节变化,同时也对包括有机碳含量、湿度、孔隙度、比重、p H、Eh在内的潜在影响因子进行了研究。结果表明,通常情况下,CH_4、CO_2通量的变化分别为-0.001 9~0.035 3mg/(m~2·h)和-109.76~442.55mg/(m~2·h);CH_4、CO_2通量的变化存在明显正相关关系。CH_4通量的季节变化表现为夏季秋季春季冬季;CO_2通量的季节变化表现为夏季春季冬季秋季。土壤湿度是影响CH_4通量变化的重要因子,通常湿度越大,CH_4通量越大;在生长季维管植物有助于CH_4的氧化;西溪湿地土质差异也使CH_4、CO_2通量排放有所差异,具体表现在土壤有机碳含量相差较大,而土壤中有机碳的含量与CH_4产生潜力呈显著正相关。     

三峡水库两条支流水-气界面CO2、CH4通量比较初探

三峡水库是亚热带气候背景下的超大型水库,其水生生态系统碳循环过程存在显著的时空异质性.本研究于2010年6月～2011年5月对三峡水库两条支流(龙溪河、澎溪河)水-气界面CO2、CH4通量特征进行了1 a的定位跟踪观测与比较分析.研究发现,位于三峡水库库尾变动回水区的龙溪河CO2、CH4通量年均值分别为(7.30±1.89)mmol·(m2.h)-1、(0.11±0.095)mmol·(m2.h)-1.而位于三峡水库库中常年回水区的澎溪河CO2、CH4通量年均值分别为(0.71±0.46)mmol·(m2.h)-1、(0.007 4±0.001 7)mmol·(m2.h)-1.龙溪河的温室气体通量水平显著高于澎溪河,季节性变化剧烈,幅度也显著大于澎溪河.相比澎溪河,龙溪河回水区极不稳定的水力、生境条件让浮游植物难以稳定生长,其水体固碳能力显著受限;加之龙溪河受淹区域土壤有机质、全氮含量以及单位流域面积内污染负荷程度均显著高于澎溪河,共同导致了龙溪河温室气体通量水平普遍高于澎溪河流域.两条支流CH4通量的主要影响因素仍需进一步研究.     

喀斯特石漠化治理区土壤CH4和CO2排放研究

本研究采用静态密闭箱-气相色谱法,于2016年12月到2017年11月对重庆市南川石漠化治理示范区4个岩溶碳汇试验区(金银花地JYH、人工造林地杨树林YSL、坡改梯PGT、经济作物花椒林地HJ)及3个对照区(荒地HD、非坡改梯FPGT、弃耕地QGD)的土壤甲烷、二氧化碳的浓度及排放通量进行原位观测,探讨我国南方喀斯特石漠化地区甲烷和二氧化碳浓度分布和时空排放规律,及岩溶区土壤温度、土壤含水率等环境因子对甲烷、二氧化碳排放的影响。结果表明:不同植被类型下土壤CO_2的浓度范围为5 003. 64～19 163. 23 mg/m~3,土壤CH_4的浓度范围为5. 35～7. 46 mg/m~3。土壤CO_2的排放通量具有随季节变化土壤CO_2排放通量随季节明显变化,在一定范围内土壤温度及土壤含水率都与CO_2排放通量呈显著正相关关系。土壤CH_4释放速率没有明显的季节变化规律,在个别月份出现显著变化表现为巨大的源与汇,主要是受到土壤温度、土壤含水率及土壤微生物的共同影响。     

Spatial and seasonal variability of CO2 flux at the air-water interface of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Difusive carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions from the water surface of the Three Gorges Reservoir, currently the largest hydroelectric reservoir in the world, were measured using floating static chambers over the course of a yearlong survey. The results showed that the average annual CO2 flux was(163.3 ± 117.4) mg CO2/(m2·hr) at the reservoir surface, which was larger than the CO2 flux in most boreal and temperate reservoirs but lower than that in tropical reservoirs. Significant spatial variations in CO2 flux were observed at four measured sites, with the largest flux measured at Wushan(221.9 mg CO2/(m2·hr)) and the smallest flux measured at Zigui(88.6 mg CO2/(m2·hr)); these diferences were probably related to the average water velocities at diferent sites. Seasonal variations in CO2 flux were also observed at four sites, starting to increase in January, continuously rising until peaking in the summer(June-August) and gradually decreasing thereafter. Seasonal variations in CO2 flux could reflect seasonal dynamics in pH, water velocity,and temperature. Since the spatial and temporal variations in CO2 flux were significant and dependent on multiple physical, chemical,and hydrological factors, it is suggested that long-term measurements should be made on a large spatial scale to assess the climatic influence of hydropower in China, as well as the rest of the world.     

Preliminary report on methane emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir in the summer drainage period

Considerable variations may exist in CH4 emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir.     

Effect of drainage on CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes from aquaculture ponds during winter in a subtropical estuary of China

Aquaculture ponds are dominant features of the landscape in the coastal zone of China.Generally,aquaculture ponds are drained during the non-culture period in winter.However,the effects of such drainage on the production and flux of greenhouse gases(GHGs)from aquaculture ponds are largely unknown.In the present study,field-based research was performed to compare the GHG fluxes between one drained pond(DP,with a water depth of 0.05 m)and one undrained pond(UDP,with a water depth of 1.16 m)during one winter in the Min River estuary of southeast China.Over the entire study period,the mean CO_2flux in the DP was(0.75±0.12)mmol/(m~2·hr),which was significantly higher than that in the UDP of(-0.49±0.09)mmol/(m~2·hr)(p0.01).This indicates that drainage drastically transforms aquaculture ponds from a net sink to a net source of CO_2in winter.Mean CH_4and N_2O emissions were significantly higher in the DP compared to those in the UDP(CH_4=(0.66±0.31)vs.(0.07±0.06)mmol/(m~2·hr)and N_2O=(19.54±2.08)vs.(0.01±0.04)μmol/(m~2·hr))(p0.01),suggesting that drainage would also significantly enhance CH_4and N_2O emissions.Changes in environmental variables(including sediment temperature,p H,salinity,redox status,and water depth)contributed significantly to the enhanced GHG emissions following pond drainage.Furthermore,analysis of the sustained-flux global warming and cooling potentials indicated that the combined global warming potentials of the GHG fluxes were significantly higher in the DP than in the UDP(p0.01),with values of739.18 and 26.46 mg CO_2-eq/(m~2·hr),respectively.Our findings suggested that drainage of aquaculture ponds can increase the emissions of potent GHGs from the coastal zone of China to the atmosphere during winter,further aggravating the problem of global warming.     

三峡水库不同运行状态下支流澎溪河水-气界面温室气体通量特征初探

水电是具有显著减排效益的清洁能源形式,但水库潜在的温室气体效应近年来备受关切,在一定程度上影响了人们对水库清洁能源属性的认识.本研究分别于2010年8月水库低水位运行期及12月高水位运行期,对三峡库区典型支流——澎溪河上游温泉至下游双江6个沿程断面进行水样的采集及温室气体通量的监测研究.结果表明,在河流纵向上,表层水体水温、pH逐渐沿程增加,而CO2分压(pCO2)和碱度(TA)则有相反趋势.在低水位的8月,开县以下断面CO2通量为负,且浮游植物可能是控制水体CO2通量及营养盐的关键因素之一.澎溪河回水区CO2通量相对天然河道背景断面(温泉)平均降低了3.26 mmol.(m2.h)-1,而CH4通量却大幅度增加了.在高水位运行的12月,澎溪河各断面均为CO2释放通量,CH4通量相比低水位则明显降低.相比较天然河道的温泉断面,澎溪河回水区在高水位运行状态下CO2与CH4通量分别增加了4.16mmol.(m2.h)-1和0.007 mmol.(m2.h)-1.初步的净通量分析发现,该水域较加拿大实验水库的净通量特征低.     

中国淡水生态系统甲烷排放基本特征及研究进展

本文基于中国境内的湖泊、水库、河流等淡水系统CH₄排放研究的相关成果,对203个湖泊（595个样点）、46个水库（221个样点）、112条河流（441个样点）,总计1257个样点的CH₄通量数据进行统计分析,探讨了中国淡水系统（湖泊、水库、河流）CH₄排放的一般特征,总结了当前研究进展,并进一步估算和评估了中国淡水系统CH₄排放总量水平.结果表明：1）中国湖泊CH₄排放通量平均为（1.17±1.87） mg/（m²·h）,蒙新湖区（（3.84±0.57） mg/（m²·h））和东北湖区（（2.62±3.54） mg/（m²·h））较高,青藏湖区（（1.94±4.13） mg/（m²·h））次之,东部湖区（（0.81±0.90） mg/（m²·h））较低,云贵湖区（（0.19±0.26） mg/（m²·h））最低;湖泊CH₄排放通量呈显著的纬度模式,高纬度地区湖泊CH₄排放高于低纬度地区;2）水库CH₄排放通量（（1.25±1.78） mg/（m²·h））与湖泊相似,水库消落带较高的排放通量（（4.34±4.45）mg/（m²·h））对水库CH₄排放具有重要贡献;3）河流CH₄排放（（0.82±1.14） mg/（m²·h））略低于湖库,长江水系CH₄排放通量（（0.98±2.38） mg/（m²·h））和黄河水系（（0.85±0.75） mg/（m²·h））相近,高于海河水系（（0.54±0.93） mg/（m²·h））,辽河、珠江水系研究较少,数据变异性极大;4）受降水、温度、径流稀释等影响,淡水系统CH₄排放呈显著的季节变化,其中湖库排放夏季高于秋季,冬春季较低,而河流则春秋季高于夏冬季;5）基于外推法估算全国湖泊、水库、河流CH₄排放总量分别约为0.96,0.29,0.76Tg/a,相当于全国湿地系统排放的75%.由于较大的时空变异性以及监测数据分布的不均匀性,目前估算存在较大的不确定性,但淡水系统CH₄排放在全球气候变化中的贡献仍不容小觑.     

Methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from four tundra ecotopes in Ny-Ålesund of the High Arctic

During the summers of 2008 and 2009, net methane（CH4） and nitrous oxide（N2O） fluxes were investigated from 4 tundra ecotopes： normal lowland tundra（LT）, bird sanctuary tundra（BT）, the tundra in an abandoned coal mine（CT） and the tundra in scientific bases（ST） in Ny-Alesund of the High Arctic. Tundra soils in CT（184.5 ± 40.0 μg CH4/（m2·hr）） and ST（367.6 ± 92.3 μg CH4/（m2·hr）） showed high CH4 emissions due to the effects of human activities, whereas high CH4 uptake or low emission occurred in the soils of LT and BT.The lowland tundra soils（mean,-4.4-4.3 μg N2O/（m2·hr）） were weak N2 O sources and even sinks. Bird activity increased N2 O emissions from BT with the mean flux of7.9 μg N2O/（m2·hr）. The mean N2 O fluxes from CT（45.4 ± 10.2 μg N2O/（m2·hr）） and ST（78.8 ± 18.5 μg N2O/（m2·hr）） were one order of magnitude higher than those from LT and BT, indicating that human activities significantly increased N2 O emissions from tundra soils. Soil total carbon and water regime were important factors affecting CH4 fluxes from tundra soils. The N2 O fluxes showed a significant positive correlation with ammonia nitrogen（NH4＋-N） contents（r = 0.66, p 〈 0.001） at all the observation sites, indicating that ammonia nitrogen（NH4＋-N） content acted as a strong predictor for N2 O emissions from tundra soils. The CH4 and N2O fluxes did not correspond to the temperature variations of soil at 0-15 cm depths.Overall our results implied that human activities might have greater effects on soil CH4 and N2O emissions than current climate warming in Ny-Alesund, High Arctic.     

基于漂浮箱法和扩散模型法测定淡水养殖鱼塘甲烷排放通量的比较

本研究以我国东南部地区淡水养殖鱼塘为研究对象,于2017年9月到2018年8月采用漂浮箱法和扩散模型法同步原位观测其CH_4排放通量,旨在明确运用两种不同方法观测CH_4的排放特征、排放强度及其驱动因子,综合比较两种方法观测结果的差异性,其中扩散模型法能够进一步量化扩散传输对CH_4排放通量的贡献.结果表明,两种方法观测的CH_4排放通量有相似的季节变化特征,即夏秋季排放高,冬春季排放低.通过漂浮箱法观测淡水养殖鱼塘CH_4排放通量的变化范围为0. 14～3. 13 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),其年平均排放通量为(0. 86±0. 30) mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),而由扩散模型法估算出鱼塘CH_4排放通量变化范围为0. 04～1. 41 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),其年平均排放通量为(0. 45±0. 08) mg·(m~2·h)~(-1).基于两种方法观测的CH_4排放通量具有相同的环境驱动因子,CH_4排放通量与水温、底泥可溶性有机碳(DOC)和水体化学需氧量(COD)呈现显著的正相关关系,与水体溶解氧(DO)呈现出极显著的负相关关系.综合比较两种方法观测结果,发现由扩散模型法估算出的淡水养殖鱼塘CH_4排放通量约为漂浮箱法测定结果的45%左右(P 0. 01),扩散模型法可能低估淡水养殖系统CH_4排放通量.综上所述,漂浮箱法更适合用于观测我国东南部内陆地区淡水养殖生态系统CH_4排放.     

五里峡水库初级生产力对水气界面二氧化碳和甲烷排放速率时空变化的影响

近年来水库温室气体备受关注,为揭示水库水气界面CO_2和CH_4在时间和空间上的变化特征,于2016年7~12月采用静态箱法在五里峡水库对其CO_2和CH_4排放速率进行4次监测,并测试微型光合生物初级生产力等.结果表明,五里峡水库夏季为大气CO_2的汇,变化范围在-30.14~-3.47 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),秋、冬季均为大气CO_2的源,变化范围在15.57~115.06 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1).甲烷排放速率在夏季变化幅度明显,变化范围在0.08~1.03 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1),而在秋、冬季变化稳定,变化范围在-0.07~0.43 mg·(m~2·h)~(-1).受水库周期性蓄水和排水影响,CO_2和CH_4排放速率在空间上表现为水库消落带和坝尾较低而库区较高的分布格局.此外,CO_2和CH_4排放速率时空变化与微型光合生物初级生产力分别呈显著负相关和正相关(r为-0.477和0.771).这是因为产甲烷菌能够将夏季微型光合生物固定的有机碳转化成CH_4释放到大气中,从而使微型光合生物对水圈CO_2和CH_4循环产生负反馈效应和正反馈效应.因此,本研究结果为进一步评估微型生物对岩溶水体碳循环的贡献提供了理论依据.     

秋季黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地系统CH4通量特征及影响因素研究

2009年秋季(9、10月),运用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地系统的CH4排放通量进行了观测,并对影响CH4通量特征的关键因子进行了识别.结果表明,在空间上,秋季高潮滩、中潮滩、低潮滩和光滩的CH4通量范围分别为-0.206～1.264、-0.197～0.431、-0.125～0.659、-0.742～1.767 mg.(m2.h)-1,均值为0.089、0.038、0.197和0.169mg.(m2.h)-1,均表现为CH4排放源,但源功能整体表现为低潮滩>光滩>高潮滩>中潮滩;在时间上,9、10月的CH4排放通量范围分别为-0.444～1.767、-0.742～1.264 mg.(m2.h)-1,均值为0.218、0.028 mg.(m2.h)-1,除9月高潮滩表现为CH4弱汇外,其它潮滩的CH4通量均明显高于10月.研究发现,黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地环境因素变化比较复杂,CH4排放通量受多重因素控制.不同潮滩湿地在9、10月CH4排放通量的差异可能主要与温度(特别是气温)以及植被生长状况的差异有关,而水盐条件和潮汐状况对潮滩湿地系统CH4通量特征的影响也不容忽视.     

香溪河库湾夏季温室气体通量及影响因素分析

采用LGR-密闭式动态通量箱法对三峡水库香溪河库湾夏季水-气界面温室气体(CO2和CH4)通量进行了24 h连续观测.结果表明,观测点处水-气界面CO2和CH4的释放通量具有明显的日变化特征,且二者的日变化过程呈较强的负相关性.监测期间,CO2的吸收和释放过程明显,CH4全天均为释放状态,其全天平均通量分别为0.336 mg.(m2.h)-1和0.088mg.(m2.h)-1.分析发现,水-气界面碳通量与温度、pH、叶绿素a、气压、辐照强度的相关性明显,而Eh对碳通量的影响并不显著,其中,CO2与各环境因子的相关性较CH4更为密切.     

长江口盐沼带湿地生态演替过程中甲烷排放研究

甲烷(CH4)作为河口湿地碳循环的重要中间产物,是大气中仅次于二氧化碳(CO2)的第二大温室气体,其排放清单对于全球气候变暖趋势的预测具有重要意义.因此,本研究采用静态箱-气相色谱技术,针对长江口盐沼带湿地CH4的排放通量展开了为期2年、每月1次的现场观测.研究结果表明,长江口盐沼带湿地持续表现为大气CH4的净排放源,其中,2011年在海三棱藨草覆盖情况下,全年CH4平均排放通量达到了1.00 mg·m-2·h-1,2012年互花米草大规模入侵后,海三棱藨草生物量显著减小,全年CH4排放通量减小为0.55 mg·m-2·h-1.Pearson相关性分析表明,沉积物有机碳含量、光合有效辐射及含水率等均不是影响长江口盐沼带湿地CH4排放的重要环境因子.在2011年,海三棱藨草生物量(p=0.001,r=0.928)、气温(p0.01,r=0.432)均与CH4排放通量呈现显著正相关,全年CH4最大排放通量出现在生物量最大的夏季8月份;2012年随着互花米草的入侵,CH4排放通量在5月份达到了最大值,自5月份之后逐渐减小,互花米草的入侵使长江口中潮滩盐沼带湿地CH4排放通量整体呈现出了下降的趋势.     

三峡库区高水位运行期典型干支流水体CO2分压及其水面通量特征

本文以三峡库区典型干支流作为研究对象,重点研究高水位运行期库湾水体及库区干流CO2分压(p CO2)的分布规律,计算CO2的扩散通量和释放总量。本研究于2013年9月至11月利用走航式观测系统对库区奉节段干支流表层水体及定点剖面水体中p CO2和相关水质参数进行了逐月观测。研究结果表明,干支流表层水体p CO2的分布和扩散通量差异显著。干流CO2扩散通量(F-CO2)9月至11月变化不大,为28.19±0.80mmol/(m2·d);支流在观测期内,扩散通量由负变正,其中朱衣河F-CO2从-6.86增至32.05mmol/(m2·d);梅溪河从-6.94增至37.85mmol/(m2·d),草堂河从-6.97增至31.05mmol/(m2·d)。由10至11月的数据推广到全年的高水位运行阶段(10月至次年1月),全库区CO2排放量可达166 450t,其中支流占30.17%。     

地下水位和土壤温度对若尔盖泥炭地CH4排放的影响

为了深入分析环境因子对湿地CH₄排放产生的影响,利用中型试验生态系对若尔盖典型泥炭地开展地下水位和土壤温度控制试验,比较不同条件下泥炭地2012年生长季(5—10月)CH₄排放通量的月变化情况. 结果表明:高水位(土壤表面0 cm)下CH₄排放通量最高,中水位(地表以下10 cm)下次之,低水位(地表以下20 cm)下最低;其中,10月CH₄排放通量变化不明显,不同地下水位下泥炭地的CH₄排放通量均在7月达到最大值,并且均呈明显的单峰曲线,高、中、低地下水位下CH₄排放通量平均值分别为6.263 3、4.754 4和3.949 8 mg/(m2·h). 而且,在一定温度范围内,不同地下水位条件下CH₄排放通量随土壤温度的升高均呈指数式增长. 其中,高水位下CH₄排放通量对土壤温度变化最为敏感,中水位下次之,低水位下相对最不敏感. 研究显示,若尔盖泥炭地CH₄排放通量表现出明显的季节性变化差异,并且季节性升温和涨水均会促进CH₄排放通量的增加.      

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a subtropical coastal embayment (Moreton Bay, Australia)

Surface water methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) concentrations and fluxes were investigated in two subtropical coastal embayments (Bramble Bay and Deception Bay, which are part of the greater Moreton Bay, Australia). Measurements were done at 23 stations in seven campaigns covering different seasons during 2010-2012. Water-air fluxes were estimated using the Thin Boundary Layer approach with a combination of wind and currents-based models for the estimation of the gas transfer velocities. The two bays were strong sources of both CH₄ and N₂O with no significant differences in the degree of saturation of both gases between them during all measurement campaigns. Both CH₄ and N₂O concentrations had strong temporal but minimal spatial variability in both bays. During the seven seasons, CH₄ varied between 500% and 4000% saturation while N₂O varied between 128 and 255% in the two bays. Average seasonal CH₄ fluxes for the two bays varied between 0.5 ± 0.2 and 6.0 ± 1.5 mg CH₄/(m²·day) while N₂O varied between 0.4 ± 0.1 and 1.6 ± 0.6 mg N₂O/(m²·day). Weighted emissions (t CO₂-e) were 63%-90% N₂O dominated implying that a reduction in N₂O inputs and/or nitrogen availability in the bays may significantly reduce the bays' greenhouse gas (GHG) budget. Emissions data for tropical and subtropical systems is still scarce. This work found subtropical bays to be significant aquatic sources of both CH₄ and N₂O and puts the estimated fluxes into the global context with measurements done from other climatic regions.     

Characteristics of greenhouse gas emission in three full-scale wastewater treatment processes

Three full-scale wastewater treatment processes, Orbal oxidation ditch, anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic （reversed A^2O） and anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic （A^2O）, were selected to investigate the emission characteristics of greenhouse gases （GHG）, including carbon dioxide （CO2）, methane （CH4） and nitrous oxide （N2O）. Results showed that although the processes were different, the units presenting high GHG emission fluxes were remarkably similar, namely the highest CO2 and N2O emission fluxes occurred in the aerobic areas, and the highest CH4 emission fluxes occurred in the grit tanks. The GHG emission amount of each unit can be calculated from its area and GHG emission flux. The calculation results revealed that the maximum emission amounts of CO2, CH4 and N2O in the three wastewater treatment processes appeared in the aerobic areas in all cases. Theoretically, CH4 should be produced in anaerobic conditions, rather than aerobic conditions. However, results in this study showed that the CH4 emission fluxes in the forepart of the aerobic area were distinctly higher than in the anaerobic area. The situation for N2O was similar to that of CH4： the N2O emission flux in the aerobic area was also higher than that in the anoxic area. Through analysis of the GHG mass balance, it was found that the flow of dissolved GHG in the wastewater treatment processes and aerators may be the main reason for this phenomenon. Based on the monitoring and calculation results, GHG emission factors for the three wastewater treatment processes were determined. The A^2O process had the highest CO2 emission factor of 319.3 g CO2/kg CODremoved, and the highest CH4 and N2O emission factors of 3.3 g CH4/kg CODremoved and 3.6 g N2O/kg TNremoved were observed in the Orbal oxidation ditch process.     

三峡库区万州段河流水-气界面CO2通量支干流对比及影响机制初探

以三峡库区万州段干流及典型支流澎溪河为研究对象,监测2019年4～9月水华期间水体中CO₂浓度以及12个环境指标,估算水-气界面CO₂通量并进行支干流对比.将12个环境指标分为气候因子、水环境因子、碳源因子、营养因子和沉积物因子,探讨5类因子对CO₂通量的影响途径和贡献率,进一步为控制水库温室气体排放提供数据积累和理论支持.结果表明,监测期间内高阳、黄石和万州平均CO₂通量分别为（1.445±1.739）、（3.118±2.963）和（2.899±1.144）mmol·（m²·h）^-1,表现为:澎溪河支流高阳<干流万州<澎溪河支流黄石.从变化幅度来看,支流水体CO₂通量变幅较大,干流水体变化幅度则相对较小,是较稳定的CO₂"源".长江干流作为陆地向海洋的生源物质运输枢纽,相比其支流碳含量和流速更高,这使得通常情况下干流CO₂通量大于支流.但水文情势的不同使得同一支流不同点位CO<...     

三峡库区典型消落带CH4排放的变化特征及影响因素

为了探讨亚热带水库消落带CH_4的排放规律,选取三峡库区王家沟一典型消落带内5个高程(180、175、165、155及140 m)为研究对象,其中175、165和155 m位于消落带上,180 m高程为永不淹水的陆地,140 m高程为永久淹水对照区.采用静态暗箱、浮箱/气相色谱法对各高程生态系统CH_4的排放进行了为期两年的连续观测.结果表明,175 m和165 m高程在实验观测的第一年CH_4排放通量变化不明显,而155 m和140 m高程处表现为单峰型的夏季CH_4排放高峰;次年在三峡水库实现最高蓄水位175 m后,175 m高程在淹水期间CH_4排放呈现单峰态,之后表现为源汇交替的无规律排放,而165m、155 m以及140 m高程均大致呈现出冬季高CH_4排放的单峰态;在整个观测期间,180 m高程CH_4排放通量较为稳定,未出现明显峰值.另外,位于消落带上的175、165和155 m高程均表现为淹水期CH_4排放大于落干期.各高程处CH_4年累积排放量为140 m(99.58 kg·hm~(-2))155 m(82.98 kg·hm~(-2))165 m(65.38 kg·hm~(-2))180 m(6.32 kg·hm~(-2))175 m(4.27 kg·hm~(-2)),表明淹水时间越长的土壤,其环境更有利于CH_4的产生.相关性分析显示,陆地与消落带落干期的CH_4排放与土壤碳组分及pH无显著相关性,但CH_4排放通量随土壤含水率的增加而增大;水-气界面上,140 m高程CH_4排放通量与水深有显著线性负相关关系;表明土壤含水率是影响消落带落干期CH_4排放的关键因子之一,而水-气界面上CH_4的排放则受到淹水深度的调控.