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1.
The effect of incubation temperature and wet-dry cycle on the availabilities of Cd, Pb and Zn was studied. Three soils with pH ranging from 3.8 to 7.3, organic carbon (OC) from 0.7% to 2.4%, and clay from 12.3% to 35.6% were selected. Soils were spiked with reagent grade Cd(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2, and Zn(NO3)2 at concentrations of 30 mg Cd/kg soil, 300 mg Zn/kg soil and 2000 mg Pb/kg soil. The soils were incubated at 35, 60, 105℃, respectively and went through four wet-dry cycles. Metal availability in soils was estimated by soil extraction with 0.1 mol/L Ca(NO3)2. According to this study, the effect of the spiking temperature on the metal availabilities was different among the metals, soils and wet-dry cycles. Mostly, 35 ~C was the first recommended spiking temperature for Cd and Pb while no spiking temperature was obviously better than others for Zn. Three wet-dry cycles was recommended regardless of the type of metals and incubation temperature.  相似文献   

2.
To understand the roles of mycorrhiza in metal speciation in the rhizosphere and the impact on increasing host plant tolerance against excessive heavy metals in soil, maize ( Zea mays L. ) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus ( Glomus mosseae) was cultivated in heavy metal contaminated soil. Speciations of copper, zinc and lead in the soil were analyzed with the technique of sequential extraction. The results showed that, in comparison to the bolked soil, the exchangeable copper increased from 26% to 43% in non-infected and AM-infected rhizoshpere respectively; while other speciation (organic, carbonate and Fe-Mn oxide copper) remained constant and the organic bound zinc and lead also increased but the exchangeable zinc and lead were undetectable. The organic bound copper, zinc end lead were higher by 15%, 40% and 20%, respectively, in the rhizosphere of arbuscular mycorrhiza infected maize in comparison to the non-infected maize. The results might indicate that mycorrhiza could protect its host plants from the phytotoxicity of excessive copper, zinc and lead by changing the speciation from bio-available to the non-bio-available form. The fact that copper and zinc accumulation in the roots and shoots of mycorrhia infected plants were significantly lower than those in the non-infected plants might also suggest that mycorrhiza efficiently restricted excessive copper and zinc absorptions into the host plants. Compared to the non-infected seedlings, the lead content of infected seedlings was 60% higher in shoots. This might illustrate that mycorrhiza have a different mechanism for protecting its host from excessive lead phytotoxicity by chelating lead in the shoots.  相似文献   

3.
Effects of cadium, zinc and lead on soil enzyme activities   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Heavy metal (HM) is a major hazard to the soil-plant system. This study investigated the combined effects of cadium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) on activities of four enzymes in soil, including calatase, urease, invertase and alkalin phosphatase. HM content in tops of canola and four enzymes activities in soil were analyzed at two months after the metal additions to the soil. Pb was not significantly inhibitory than the other heavy metals for the four enzyme activities and was shown to have a protective role on calatase activity in the combined presence of Cd, Zn and Pb; whereas Cd significantly inhibited the four enzyme activities, and Zn only inhibited urease and calatase activities. The inhibiting effect of Cd and Zn on urease and calatase activities can be intensified significantly by the additions of Zn and Cd. There was a negative synergistic inhibitory effect of Cd and Zn on the two enzymes in the presence of Cd, Zn and Pb. The urease activity was inhibited more by the HM combinations than by the metals alone and reduced approximately 20%--40% of urease activity. The intertase and alkaline phosphatase activities significantly decreased only with the increase of Cd concentration in the soil. It was shown that urease was much more sensitive to HM than the other enzymes. There was a obvious negative correlation between the ionic impulsion of HM in soil, the ionic impulsion of HM in canola plants tops and urease activity. It is concluded that the soil urease activity may be a sensitive tool for assessing additive toxic combination effect on soil biochemical parameters.  相似文献   

4.
Phytoremediation is one of the cost-effective and environmental friendly technologies used to remove contaminants from contaminated soils,which has been intensively studied during the last decade.Presently,few economical and effective remediation methods are available for the remediation of Pb contaminated sites.This study was conducted to assess the potential of 19 plants growing on contaminated sites in Pb mine area.Plants and associated soil samples were collected and analyzed for total metal concentrati...  相似文献   

5.
The effect of mine tailings and sewage sludge was evaluated on sorption, desorption, availability and distribution of copper in two soils, one high (sandy soil) and one low in copper (clay soil). In both soils contaminated by mine tailings the copper sorption capacity and the affinity of the substrate for the metal decreased substantially compared to the uncontaminated soils, however, the sorption remained always high in the clay soil substrates. In the substrates with sandy soil, the high Cu content and lower clay content were determining factors in the lower magnitude of the sorption. Similarly, metal desorption was closely related to these two parameters, and it was higher in clay soil with lower pH. In general, the application of sewage sludge favored the sorption of Cu in soils contaminated and uncontaminated with mine tailings, and in all cases desorption decreased, an effect that remained for at least 30 days. Simple extraction of Cu with CaCl2 and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid gave contradictory results, so a careful choice of the procedure is required, depending on the level of metal in the soil and on the acting principle of the extracting agent. In that relation, more complete information on the changes in the metal forms was obtained by application of the sequential extraction procedure proposed by the European Community Bureau of Reference.  相似文献   

6.
Concentrations of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) were measured in arid agricultural and irrigated agricultural soils collected in Daba Village, Shajiawuan Village, Gangou Village and Sifangwu Village, located in central Gansu Province, China. Concentrations except Hg and Pb were lower than the background values in grey calcareous soil in the selected arid agricultural soils. Pb concentration exceeded the threshold of arid agricultural soils in China by 72.46%. These results showed that there was indeed serious pollution with Pb, a slight pollution problem for other selected metals in the irrigated agricultural soils in Daba Village. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the soil data, applying varimax rotation with Kaiser Normalization. The result showed that the irrigated factor, agricultural factor and anthropogenic factor all contributed to the relations between selected chemical properties. The main factor of accumulation of Cu, Pb, Cr, Hg and As was lithological factor in arid agricultural areas. There is a striking dissimilarity of origin of Cu, Pb, Cr, Hg and As in agricultural soil between the irrigate agriculture and arid agriculture.  相似文献   

7.
Australia is facing challenges in controlling Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera(boneseed). However, burning has achieved some success in this regard. We aimed to investigate the comparative phytotoxicity of boneseed dried powder and ashes(burnt at 450℃ and250℃). Phenolic compounds in powder and ashes were measured using Folin–Ciocalteu assay and HPLC. The phytotoxicity of boneseed powder and ash extracts was assessed through germination bioassay on Lactuca sativa and the phytotoxicity of litter and ashes was evaluated using field soil, both in growth chamber. Burning of boneseed reduced total phenolics in ashes of boneseed organs by 99% and 100% both at high and low temperatures. The four phenolic compounds that were detected in boneseed were either absent or at negligible levels in the ashes,with inversely related to temperature. Both boneseed ash extracts and litter ash-mediated soil significantly reduced phytotoxicity displaying increased germination, biometric and biochemical parameters of test species compared with unburnt powder extracts and litter powder-mediated soil respectively, with greater reduction of phytotoxicity found for ashes produced at the lower temperature. Interestingly, the ash extracts and litter ash-mediated soil were found to stimulate some of those parameters of the test species compared to control. There was no excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS) produced in test species exposed to ash extracts compared with unburnt powder extracts. These findings suggest that burning of boneseed is an appropriate method of weed control and that this approach will reduce phytotoxicity of this species on native plants.  相似文献   

8.
Heavy metal contamination of soils through anthropogenic activities is a widespread and serious problem confronting scientists and regulators throughout the world. In this study we investigated the distribution, chemical species and availability of lead, zinc, cadmium and copper in nine surface(0 to 20 cm) soils from near an abandoned lead/zinc mine tailings located in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China. Total heavy metal contents ranged from 5271 to 16369 mg/kg for Pb, 387 to 1221 mg/kg for Zn, 3.0 to 9.3 mg/kg for Cd and 65 to 206 mg/kg for Cu. In general, all heavy metals exceeded China National Standards for Soil Environmental Quality of Heavy Metals by a factor of 3-65 times. Comparison of the heavy metal concentrations(Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu) with clay content revealed a strongly significant relationship while significant relationship( P 〈 0.001 ) was also obtained between Cd + Zn and Pb + Cu. Solid phase speciation of the soils using Tessier procedure showed that the heavy metals were distributed in the order: residual 〉〉 organically complexed-Fe-Mn oxides occluded 〉 carbonate bound 〉 exchangeable 〉 water soluble. In the organic matter fraction, the ratio of Pb(29.1% ) to its total concentration in the soils was higher than those of Zn(4.70% ), Cd(3.16% ) and Cu(9.50% ). The percentages of the water soluble and the exchangeable fractions of Pb(1.80% ) and Cd(2.74% ) were markedly greater than those of Zn(0.10% ) and Cu(0.15% ), suggesting that Pb and Cd are relatively more mobile and hence more toxic in the contaminated soils. Strongly significant relationships between H20-Pb, H20-Zn and H20-Cu, strong positive correlations between H20-Pb, H20-Zn, H20-Cu and organic matter in soil were found. The content of H20-Pb, H20-Zn, H20-Cu was negatively correlated with pH values. The similar negative relationships between pH values and exchangeable heavy metals were also recorded. It is suggested that increasing soil pH or liming the soil could decrease bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil.  相似文献   

9.
Constructed wetlands have emerged as a viable option for helping to solve a wide range of water quality problems. However, heavy metals adsorbed by substrates would decrease the growth of plants, impair the functions of wetlands and eventually result in a failure of contaminant removal. Typha latifolia L., tolerant to heavy metals, has been widely used for phytoremediation of Pb/Zn mine tailings under waterlogged conditions. This study examined e ects of iron as ferrous sulfate (100 and 500 mg/kg) and lead as lead nitrate (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on phosphorus utilization and microbial community structure in a constructed wetland. Wetland plants (T. latifolia) were grown for 8 weeks in rhizobags filled with a paddy soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that both the amount of iron plaque on the roots and phosphorus adsorbed on the plaque decreased with the amount of lead addition. When the ratio of added iron to lead was 1:1, phosphorus utilized by plants was the maximum. Total amount of phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs) was 23%–59% higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. The relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and methane oxidizing bacteria was also higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil, but opposite was observed for other bacteria and fungi. Based on cluster analysis, microbial communities were mostly controlled by the addition of ferrous sulfate and lead nitrate in rhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively.  相似文献   

10.
Bacterial diversity in soils around a lead and zinc mine   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Five samples of soil collected from a lead and zinc mine were used to assess the effect of combined contamination of heavy metals on soil bacterial communities using a polyphasic approach including characterization of isolates by culture method, community level catabolic profiling in BIOLOG GN microplates, and genetic community fingerprinting by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA fragments amplified by PCR from community DNA (PCR-DGGE). The structure of the bacterial community was affected to a certain extent by heavy metals. The PCR-DGGE analysis of 16S rRNA genes showed that there were significant differences in the structure of the microbial community among the soil samples, which were related to the contamination levels. The number of bacteria and the number of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) bands in the soils increased with increasing distance from the lead and zinc mine tailing, whereas the concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) was decreased. Heavily polluted soils could be characterized by a community that differs from those of lightly polluted soils in richness and structure of dominating bacterial populations. The clustering analysis of the DGGE profiles showed that the bacteria in all the five samples of soil belonged to three clusters. The data from the BIOLOG analysis also showed the same result. This study showed that heavy metal contamination decreased both the biomass and diversity of the bacterial community in soil.  相似文献   

11.
本文利用浒苔在不同温度下制备的生物炭(400℃和600℃,记为BC400与BC600),以30g/kg生物炭添加量对1200mg/kg的Pb污染土壤进行香根草盆栽实验,研究浒苔生物炭对土壤中Pb固定和植物中Pb毒性的影响.结果表明,浒苔生物炭与香根草能协同促进土壤中Pb固定,较生物炭组提高了16.89%和14.82%,比植物组提高17.40%和15.02%.生物炭理化性质影响Pb固定,BC400的pH值(8.97)低于BC600(10.59),但BC400固定Pb的效果优于BC600,因为羟基(—OH)、羰基(C═O)等基团较BC600丰富,且微孔结构完整.浒苔生物炭可抑制香根草对Pb的吸收,促进香根草生长,其中BC400有助于植物地上部分及根部Pb浓度降低(分别降低23.50%和22.92%),同时降低富集系数,提高香根草的生物量、叶绿素含量及根系活力,提高抗氧化酶SOD、CAT和POD活性,丙二醛含量可降低13.40%.总之,浒苔生物炭通过高pH值和微孔结构吸附Pb,并通过官能团增加与金属的结合位点固定Pb,以降低Pb的毒性,提高香根草生存能力.鉴于滨海地区浒苔生物质资源丰富,生物炭与植物联合作用可作为Pb污染土壤修复的技术措施之一.  相似文献   

12.
北京市典型排放源PM_(2.5)成分谱研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
为了建立和完善北京市PM_(2.5)本地化源谱,对北京市11类排放源PM_(2.5)进行采集,并测定其26种组分,分析了不同排放源源谱的组分特征.结果表明,在有组织排放源中,燃煤电厂PM_(2.5)中OC和Si含量很高,占PM_(2.5)的质量分数分别为8.56%和6.19%(平均值),而供热/工业锅炉排放PM_(2.5)中则是SO_4~(2-)(占48.38%)和OC(11.0%)比例最高,水泥窑炉PM_(2.5)中OC(7.12%)、Ca(4.81)和Si(4.41%)占有较大比例;垃圾焚烧排放的PM_(2.5)中Si、Ca、K和SO_4~(2-)均较高,分别占8.15%、9.36%、7.17%和6.79%,且Cl~-含量(2.5%)高于其他所有源,生物质燃烧源PM_(2.5)中OC(21.7%)、Si(6.75%)、Ca(6.15%)较为丰富,餐饮源PM_(2.5)中OC(19.44%)、SO_4~(2-)(5.76%)和K(3.11%)含量均较高;无组织开放源中,道路扬尘和土壤风沙PM_(2.5)化学组分含量变化较为一致,均是Si(分别为16.8%和9.3%)和OC(分别为8.89%和6.61%)最高,建筑水泥尘PM_(2.5)中Ca(17.46%)含量高于其他源;流动排放源PM_(2.5)中OC、EC比例最高,其中,重型柴油车的OC(29.79%)与EC(26.5%)排放比例相当,而轻型汽油车OC排放占有绝对优势(占75%).本文通过对比国内外部分排放源PM_(2.5)成分谱的差异,指出不同区域相同源类排放的PM_(2.5)化学组分差异较大,在应用受体模型中的化学质量平衡模型(CMB)判断受体颗粒物来源时,应基于本地的排放源成分谱,以避免较大的误差.  相似文献   

13.
为研究西安市城市降尘和土壤尘PM10和PM2.5中碳组分污染特征,丰富大气降尘的成分谱库,于2015年4~5月收集了西安市城区5个点位的城市降尘和周边16个点位的土壤尘样品,通过ZDA-CY01颗粒物再悬浮采样器获得PM10和PM2.5的滤膜样品,使用Model5L-NDIR型OC和EC分析仪测定了样品中的有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC),定量分析了西安市城市降尘和土壤尘PM10和PM2.5中碳组分特征及其主要来源.结果表明,不同站点降尘PM10和PM2.5中OC的占比差异较大,分别为6.0%~19.4%和7.6%~29.8%.不同站点降尘PM10和PM2.5中EC的占比较小,在城市站点的占比分别为0.6%~2.2%和0.2%~3.6%,而在多数外围土壤尘中几乎检测不到EC的存在.PM10中含碳组分的占比为:城市降尘>外部对照>河滩土>土壤尘,PM2.5中含碳组分的占比为:城市降尘>土壤尘>外部对照>河滩土.不同站点降尘含碳气溶胶均以OC为主,在城市降尘中相对较低,在PM10和PM2.5中OC占总碳(TC)的比值分别为85.2%~95.3%和87.9%~98.9%;在土壤尘中OC的占比较高,均超过99%.含碳物质主要集中在细颗粒物中.不同城市站点降尘中碳组分的分布具有一致性,不同土壤尘中碳组分的差异较大.城市和土壤降尘中碳组分主要受生物质燃烧、燃煤、汽油车和柴油车尾气等污染源的影响,PM10和PM2.5中含碳气溶胶的来源贡献率存在差异.  相似文献   

14.
Carbonaceous aerosols in PM10 and pollution gases in winter in Beijing   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
An intensive observation of organic carbon (OC) and element carbon (EC) in PM10 and gaseous materials (SO2, CO, and O3,) was conducted continuously to assess the characteristics of wintertime carbonaceous aerosols in an urban area of Beijing, China. Results showed that the averaged total carbon (TC) and PM10 concentrations in observation period are 30.2±120.4 and 172.6±198.3 μ/m3, respectively. Average OC concentration in nighttime (24.9±19.6 μ/m3) was 40% higher than that in daytime (17.7±10.9 μ/m3). Average EC concentrations in daytime (8.8±15.2 μ/m3) was close to that in nighttime (8.9±15.1 μ/m3). The OC/EC ratios in nighttime ranging from 2.4 to 2.7 are higher than that in daytime ranging from 1.9 to 2.0. The concentrations of OC, EC, PM10 were low with strong winds and high with weak winds. The OC and EC were well correlated with PM10, CO and SO2, which implies they have similar sources. OC and EC were not well correlated with O3. By considering variation of OC/EC ratios in daytime and night time, correlations between OC and O3, and meteorological condition, we speculated that OC and EC in Beijing PM10 were emitted as the primary particulate form. Emission of motor vehicle with low OC/EC ratio and coal combustion sources with high OC/EC ratio are probably the dominant sources for carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing in winter. A simple method was used to estimate the relative contribution of sources to carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing PM10. Motor vehicle source accounts for 80% and 68%, while coal combustion accounts for 20% and 32% in daytime and nighttime, respectively in Beijing. Averagely, the motor vehicle and coal combustion accounted for 74% and 26%, respectively, for carbonaceous aerosols during the observation period. It points to the motor vehicle is dominant emission for carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing PM10 in winter period, which should be paid attention to control high level of PM10 in Beijing effectively.  相似文献   

15.
电厂燃煤烟尘PM2.5中化学组分特征   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
采集了阳泉市具有代表性的燃煤电厂除尘器下载灰,测定了其PM_(2.5)中元素、离子及EC(元素碳)、OC(有机碳)的含量水平,对其化学组分特征进行了研究,并运用分歧系数法对阳泉与其他地区的燃煤烟尘PM_(2.5)成分谱之间的相似程度进行了比较.结果发现,阳泉市电厂燃煤锅炉排放的细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中主要组分为SO_4~(2-)、Ca、NO_3~-、OC、EC、Al、Si、Na、Fe、Mg以及Cl~-,占PM_(2.5)总质量的57.22%;Pb在燃煤烟尘PM_(2.5)中相对富集系数最大,达到10.66~15.91,呈显著富集;无烟煤和劣质煤燃烧后烟尘的PM_(2.5)成分谱之间的分歧系数为0.072,认为这两个成分谱必定相似,与其他城市所建立的燃煤烟尘成分谱相比,阳泉市燃煤电厂PM_(2.5)的化学组分具有特异性,尤其是Ca含量明显高于国内其他地区燃煤烟尘Ca的排放.  相似文献   

16.
为研究菏泽市冬季大气颗粒物中碳组分的污染特征和来源,于2016年1月采集菏泽市冬季大气PM2.5和PM10样品,基于热光反射法分析样品中OC(有机碳)、EC(元素碳)及8个碳组分[OC1、OC2、OC3、OC4、EC1、EC2、EC3和OP(裂解碳)]的含量,并计算得到ρ(Char-EC)(Char-EC为燃料燃烧后固体残渣中的EC)和ρ(Soot-EC)(Soot-EC为燃烧后气相挥发物质再凝结形成的EC),以定性识别大气颗粒物中碳组分的来源.结果表明,菏泽市冬季大气颗粒物样品中碳组分浓度处于较高水平,PM2.5中的ρ(OC)、ρ(EC)分别为26.34、9.22 μg/m3,PM10中ρ(OC)、ρ(EC)分别为31.82、10.71 μg/m3.采样期间大气PM2.5中碳组分(OC、EC、OC1、OC2、OC3、OC4、EC1、EC2、EC3、Char-EC、Soot-EC)浓度与PM10中相应各组分浓度的比值均大于0.5(0.60~0.90),表明碳组分多集中于细粒子(PM2.5).大气颗粒物样品中各碳组分浓度具有明显空间差异,各点位大气PM2.5和PM10中ρ(OC)均显著高于ρ(EC)(T检验,P < 0.05).菏泽市冬季大气PM2.5和PM10中Char-EC/Soot-EC(二者质量浓度之比)分别为10.04、8.00,并且存在显著的空间差异性(T检验,P < 0.05).PMF(正定矩阵因子分解法)解析结果表明,菏泽市冬季大气PM2.5和PM10中碳组分来源主要有4类,包括两类柴油车(1类排放的碳组分中以EC2为主,定义为柴油车-1;1类排放的碳组分中以EC3为主,定义为柴油车-2)、汽油车、生物质燃烧和燃煤混合源,对大气PM2.5中碳组分的分担率分别为13.98%、5.13%、24.47%、41.97%,对大气PM10中碳组分的分担率分别为16.08%、8.21%、18.34%、47.35%.可见,菏泽市冬季大气PM2.5和PM10中碳的主要来源是柴油车、汽油车、生物质燃烧和燃煤.   相似文献   

17.
水稻土中外源Cd老化的动力学特征与老化因子   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
选择5种不同性质的水稻土,通过外源添加制备了6个不同浓度梯度的Cd污染土壤,研究了外源Cd在几种水稻土中的老化动力学特征与影响因子;同时利用盆栽实验,结合Log-logistic分布模型,研究了5个不同老化时间(14、30、60、90和180d)与土壤中Cd对二种不同Cd敏感性水稻生长毒性的影响.结果表明,不同浓度外源Cd进入土壤后,0.05mol/L EDTA-2Na浸提的有效态Cd含量随着老化时间的增加而逐渐下降;与14d处理相比,老化30d后土壤中有效态Cd降幅达21.5%(红壤)~38.0%(黑土);老化90d后,土壤中Cd进入慢反应阶段.基于二级动力学方程的拟合参数显示,土壤中Cd的老化特征表现为有效态Cd含量在30~60d内快速降低,随后变化减缓,经过90d的老化后,土壤中有效态Cd含量逐渐趋于平衡.基于老化动力学方程参数(C∞及K2)与土壤性质间的相关性分析表明,土壤p H值是影响Cd有效态含量变化的主控因子,其次是土壤CEC和OC含量.在不同性质土壤中,随着老化时间的增加,土壤中外源Cd对水稻生长毒性的半抑制浓度(EC50)值显著升高;与14d老化处理相比,经过180d老化后土壤中Cd对水稻生长毒性的EC50增加72.1%~195.0%;在大于90d的长期老化过程中,土壤p H值对Cd老化过程的影响逐渐降低,而CEC的影响逐渐上升,尽管如此,土壤中Cd老化过程的主要影响因子仍然是土壤p H,而与测试的2种水稻品种无关.  相似文献   

18.
于2016年7月和2017年1月采集盘锦市3个点位的PM2.5样品,研究盘锦市夏冬季节PM2.5中碳组分的特征与来源.结果表明:盘锦市夏季PM2.5、有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)日均浓度分别为(46.14±12.70),(8.58±2.82)和(2.89±1.54)μg/m3;冬季分别为(91.01±43.51),(24.50±15.51)和(7.31±5.00)μg/m3.夏季开发区和第二中学2个采样点的OC与EC之间不具有线性相关性;冬季3个采样点OC、EC高度相关.采用最小相关系数法(MRS)估算SOC浓度,得到夏季SOC的浓度为4.65μg/m3,占OC总量的54.19%;冬季SOC浓度为8.42μg/m3,占OC总量的34.36%.通过比值分析和主成分分析得出盘锦市夏季PM2.5中碳组分主要来源为汽油车尾气和燃煤排放;冬季PM2.5中碳组分主要来源为机动车尾气、燃煤排放和生物质燃烧.  相似文献   

19.
为了解我国不同城市PM2.5源的碳成分谱特征和地域差异,采集沈阳市、十堰市和乌鲁木齐市的燃煤源、柴油车尾气源、汽油车尾气源和餐饮源样品,使用热光透射法分析PM2.5中的总碳(TC)、有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC),以及细分的8种碳组分(OC1,OC2,OC3,OC4,EC1,EC2,EC3和OPCT),构建各类污染源碳成分谱.结果表明:3个城市4类源TC/PM2.5从高到低分别为:餐饮源(65.1%±8.4%)、柴油车尾气源(46.2%±9.5%)、汽油车尾气源(37.7%±3.5%)和燃煤源(17.3%±8.0%);OC/TC在餐饮源中最高(98.0%±0.5%),EC/TC在柴油车尾气源中最高(38.6%±8.5%).3个城市同类源的碳组分含量受污染源细分后的不同类型影响有一定差异,但归一化处理后总体仍表现为燃煤源中OC2(14%~30%)和OC3(13%~23%)含量最高,柴油车尾气源中EC2(22%~56%)含量最高,汽油车尾气源中OC2(24%~41%)、OC1(16%~42%)和OC3(12%~26%)含量最高,餐饮源中OC2(21%~43%)和OC3(23%~49%)含量最高.不同污染源的OC/EC值为燃煤源在0.4~7.6之间,柴油车尾气源在0.2~5.6之间,汽油车尾气源在1.1~38.5之间,餐饮源在6.4~170.2之间.分歧系数结果显示3个城市不同源的碳成分谱具有差异性,同类源的碳成分谱具有相似性.将3个城市同类源碳成分谱合并后利用化学质量平衡灵敏度矩阵得到OC2,OC3,OC4,EC1和OPCT可共同作为燃煤源的标识组分;EC2是柴油车尾气源的标识组分;OC1,OC2和OC3可共同作为汽油车尾气源的标识组分;OC2和OC3可共同作为餐饮源的标识组分.沈阳市、十堰市和乌鲁木齐市相同污染源相似的碳成分谱和一致的标识碳组分可为国内其他城市相关研究提供数据参考.  相似文献   

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