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1.
<正>To control land surface subsidence caused the underground mineral exploitation and the catastrophic phenomena such as serious damage of buildings, waterbodies, cultivated lands, railways, bridges caused by land subsidence, bed separation grouting technology of overburden is put forward. To provide theoretical support for the technology, the characteristics and the mechanics mechanism of mining overburden from layer-split to formation of bed separation are studied. On the basis of elastic sheet board theory, calculation formula of rock sheet deflection is presented, and the mechanics criteria of the separation formation and the calculation formula of bed separation volume are set up. Finally, the applications and technics of bed separation grout technology of mining overburden to control land subsidence in china are introduced.  相似文献   

2.
Rapid industrial developments coupled with surging population growth have complicated issues dealing with water scarcity as the quest for clean and sanitized water intensifies globally. Existing flesh water supplies could be contaminated with organic, inorganic and biological matters that have potential harm to the society. Turbidity in general is a measure of water cloudiness induced by such colloidal and suspended matters and is also one of the major criteria in raw water monitoring to meet the stipulated water quality guidelines. Turbidity reduction is often accomplished using chemical coagulants such as alum. The use of alum is widely associated with potential development of health issues and generation of voluminous sludge. Natural coagulants that are available in abundance can certainly be considered in addressing the drawbacks associated with the use of chemical coagulants. Twenty one types of plant-based natural coagulants categorized as fruit waste and others are identified and presented collectively with their research summary in this review. The barriers and prospects of commercialization of natural coagulants in near future are also discussed.  相似文献   

3.
By analyzing the cases in Taishan Mountain, Shandong Province and other tourist sites in China, this paper pointed out the problems in tourism management, such as resources damage, environment pollution, which are the result of tourism development, and are obstacles to the development. The paper also gave suggestion and practical ways to preserve tourism resources and environment.  相似文献   

4.
A novel system was proposed for the capture and separation of CO2 from flue gas. In this method, a resin was employed to regenerate the amine capturing CO2 from flue gas at room temperature. The feasibility for the resin to regenerate amines such as MEA, MAE, TEA, and ammonia was demonstrated. It was also discovered that the resin could be regenerated by hot water.  相似文献   

5.
Colloidal particle stability and some other interfacial phenomena are governed by interfacial force interactions. The two well known forces are van der Waals force and electrostatic force, as documented by the classical Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Moreover, advances in modern instrumentation and colloid science suggested that some short-ranged forces or structure forces are important for relevant colloidal systems. The interfacial and/or molecular forces can be measured as a resultant force as function of separation distance by atomic force microscopy (AFM) colloid probe. This article presents a discussion on AFM colloid probe measurement of silica particle and silica wafer surfaces in solutions with some technical notifications in measurement and data convolution mechanisms. The measured forces are then analyzed and discussed based on the ‘constant charge’ and ‘constant potential’ models of DLVO theory. The di erence between the prediction of DLVO theory and the measured results indicates that there is a strong short-range structure force between the two hydrophilic surfaces, even at extremely low ionic concentration, such as Milli-Q water purity solution.  相似文献   

6.
A 2-dimensional atmospheric transport model is deployed in asimplified CO2 inverse study. Calculated carbon flux distribution for the interval from 1981 to 1997 confirms the existence of a terrestrial carbon sink in mid-high latitude area of North Hemisphere. Strong interannual variability exists in carbon flux patterns, implying a possible link with ENSO and other natural episodes such as Pinatubo volcano eruption in 1991. Mechanism of this possible link was investigated with statistic method. Correlation analysis indicated that in North Hemisphere, climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation, to some extend, could influence the carbon cycle process of land and ocean, thus cause considerable change in carbon flux distribution. In addition, correlation study also demonstrated the possible important role of Asian terrestrial ecosystems in carbon cycle.  相似文献   

7.
A submerged internal circulating membrane coagulation reactor(MCR) was used to treat surface water to produce drinking water. Polyaluminum chloride(PACl) was used as coagulant,and a hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) submerged hollow fiber microfiltration membrane was employed. The influences of trans-membrane pressure(TMP), zeta potential(ZP) of the suspended particles in raw water, and KMnO_4 dosing on water flux and the removal of turbidity and organic matter were systematically investigated. Continuous bench-scale experiments showed that the permeate quality of the MCR satisfied the requirement for a centralized water supply, according to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality of China(GB 5749-2006), as evaluated by turbidity(1 NTU) and total organic carbon(TOC)(5 mg/L)measurements. Besides water flux, the removal of turbidity, TOC and dissolved organic carbon(DOC) in the raw water also increased with increasing TMP in the range of 0.01–0.05 MPa. High ZP induced by PACl, such as 5–9 mV, led to an increase in the number of fine and total particles in the MCR, and consequently caused serious membrane fouling and high permeate turbidity.However, the removal of TOC and DOC increased with increasing ZP. A slightly positive ZP, such as 1–2 mV, corresponding to charge neutralization coagulation, was favorable for membrane fouling control. Moreover, dosing with KMnO_4 could further improve the removal of turbidity and DOC, thereby mitigating membrane fouling. The results are helpful for the application of the MCR in producing drinking water and also beneficial to the research and application of other coagulation and membrane separation hybrid processes.  相似文献   

8.
A new approach for isolation and identification of elecrtophilic mutagens from complex matrix was developed.Thiosulfonic anion was immobilized onto polystyrene beads and used as separation media.Potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate,prepared from polystyryl- sulfonyl chloride and KHS,was observed to selectively react with model electrophilic mutagens such as alkyl halides,α-chloroketones andα-chloroesters to produce polystyryl-thiosulfonic esters.After separation from other nonreactive organic compounds,the beads then reacted with ethanethiol to produce unsymmetrical ethyl disulfides which are easily detected by GC/MS.For one mutagenic compound,only one unsymmetrical disulfide was found to contain its structure part.Thus,the structure of the parent mutagens could be deduced from that of the unsymmetrical disulfides.The degree of functionaiization of the potassium polystyryl-thiosulfonate resin was 1.11 mmol/g.Its reactivity was discussed and its recycling method was reported here.  相似文献   

9.
The waterquality of the downstream of Nanfei River and the northwest area of Lake Chao is evaluated from organic analysis aspect. PAHs such as fluoranthene, pyrene are detected in the waters collected from downstream river and river mouth. More phenolic compounds are found in the river water. Some halogenated hydrocarbons are present in the river and lake waters. A great many of aliphatic hydrocarbons and benzene hydrocarbons found in all the water samples are about one third of the total organics detected. The hydrophobic components are found to be present not only in water but also in suspended sediment. The ratio of the amount existing is 0.4 in sediment and 1 in particle-free water. The quantity of humic materials existing in lake water is larger than that in river water. The proportion of the humic materials in lake water to that in river water is 1.9 to 1. In the lake water, some natural substances, such as dimethyl disulfide, alpha-pinene, azulene, and 6- methyl -2-heptanone are observed.  相似文献   

10.
The graft copolymerization of the starch and acrylic were used to prepare the superabsorbent, and the high oil-absorbing resin was also studied preliminarily. In addition, following the method of the emulsion polymerization, the cerium nitrate amine was regarded as the initiator, the acrylic amide and the methyl methacrylate functioned as the monomer. There are several significant parameters taken into consideration such as the factors that influence the performance of the superabsorbent and the high oil-absorbing resin, the dosage of the initiator amount, the ratio of the starch and the monomer and the dosage of crosslinking agent.  相似文献   

11.
随着对海洋中有机氮生物地球化学循环过程认识的逐步深入,氨基酸作为海洋有机氮库中最易被生物利用的组分之一愈加受到重视。关于海洋中氨基酸含量组成和生物可利用性的相关研究对认识海洋中有机氮的迁移和转化具有重要意义。本文详细阐述了海洋领域分光法和荧光法等溶解氨基酸测定方法及离子色谱和液相色谱等色谱分离方法的发展历程,并对应用最普遍的柱前衍生-反相液相色谱-荧光检测法等技术进行了更为详细的评述,列举了质谱技术、单体同位素分析技术和毛细管电泳等最新发展的技术方法,最后对其在海洋学中的应用进行展望。  相似文献   

12.
陆地和海洋是相互影响、相互制约的生态系统,海洋水污染物总量控制目标的实现取决于陆域排污情况,而陆域排污分配要充分考虑其对海洋环境的影响。本文从"海陆统筹"的环境管理角度,基于公平原则,充分考虑海域和陆域之间的相互影响及分配区域的现状情况,给出了"海域-流域-行政区"链条式的水污染物总量控制思路和"初次分配-公平性评估-优化调整再分配"的水污染物总量分配方法。分配过程采用了层次分析法、熵值法、基尼系数法等经典的公平方法,并在辽东湾-辽河流域COD总量分配中予以应用,可为有效治理海洋环境污染问题提供借鉴。  相似文献   

13.
氧化亚氮(N2O)是一种重要的痕量温室气体,而且在光照条件下平流层的N2O会与O3发生光化学反应,破坏臭氧层。海洋是大气中N2O的主要来源之一,海洋中N2O主要通过硝化和反硝化作用产生,而氨氧化作用是硝化作用的关键(限速)步骤,氨氧化古菌可能是氨氧化过程的主要执行者。本文先概述海洋中N2O分布以及影响氨氧化古菌(Ammonia oxidizing archaea,AOA)和氨氧化细菌(Ammonia oxidizing bacteria,AOB)的amoA(ammonia monooxygenase)丰度与活性的因素以及N2O生成机制研究现状,进而总结AOA和AOB在海洋N2O生成机制中起到的关键作用,最后结合全球气候变化、海洋酸化以及大洋OMZ区域扩大等前沿科学问题,对AOA、AOB以及N2O的生成机制研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

14.
边缘海是陆地和大洋的连接带,是陆源物质向开阔海输送的主要途径,在全球碳循环过程发挥着重要的作用。示踪边缘海沉积有机碳的来源,可以为有机碳的分布、降解、迁移和转化等研究提供基础。本文从高等植物类脂化合物(如长链正构烷烃、正构烷醇、脂肪酸、甾醇等)、维管植物木质素和土壤有机质支链和类异戊二烯四醚(BIT)等几个方面,介绍了基于化学生物标志物示踪边缘海陆源有机质来源的研究进展。指出以包含木质素、BIT等指标在内的多重示踪方法和多端元模型是指示边缘海沉积有机质来源的良好方法,能够提供比单指标方法更为准确可靠的结果。  相似文献   

15.
海洋空间资源性资产产权特征及产权效率分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
海洋空间资源性资产作为海洋资源性资产的重要组成部分,其产权效率直接关系到我国海洋资源的永续利用和国民经济的持续健康发展。目前国内对于森林、土地、水资源等自然资源资产化管理的基础性问题已有丰富的理论成果,但在海洋资源产权制度方面仍缺少完整、系统的研究。本文从海洋空间资源性资产产权特征和产权效率两个方面入手讨论产权制度的优化,意在为建立完善而高效的海洋资源性资产产权制度提供理论参考。为此,本文首先分析海洋空间资源性资产产权特征以及由这些特征所导致的产权界定障碍,在此基础上极具针对性的从产权归属、产权流转、外部性以及产权制度实施机制四个角度论述海洋空间资源性资产产权效率的影响机理,然后根据理论分析的结果对我国现行海洋空间资源性资产产权制度提出建议,明晰产权归属,引入竞争机制,保持产权长期稳定,建立规范的产权流转机制。  相似文献   

16.
传统的海洋开发战略在导向上存在离散的缺憾与集成的缺失,造成了海洋开发的外部不经济和整体绩效不高.弥补传统海洋开发战略带来的危机,必然要求海洋开发战略创新,在国家层面上作出海洋开发战略整合的科学选择.  相似文献   

17.
目的基于实测的海洋资料,研究设计海洋内孤立波诊断模型。方法首先对实测的ADCP海洋资料和温度链资料进行质量控制处理,然后利用海洋内波动力学理论和诊断分析技术,建立提取海洋内波特征的诊断模型。结果成功设计了能够提取海洋内波振幅、内波周期、变差流矢量时间序列、内波波致流和内波传播方向的诊断模型。结论该诊断模型通过实测的温度链、潜标、ADCP等连续观测的海洋资料,可诊断出海洋内波周期、内波振幅等特征要素,为实施海洋水文气象保障提供了重要技术手段。  相似文献   

18.
锰氧化物在陆地和海洋环境中含量丰富.作为天然强氧化剂之一,广泛地参与自然界中有机和无机化合物的氧化还原反应,锰氧化物通过吸附、氧化偶合或氧化分解等方式与多种有机物,如酚及取代酚、芳香胺、腐殖酸、氨基酸.甚至多环芳烃、多氯联苯、内分泌干扰物等相互作用,本文对锰氧化物与多种有机物的反应机理、影响锰氧化物对有机物吸附性能和反应活性的因素进行了综述.同时介绍了天然矿物锰氧化物、化学合成锰氧化物及生物氧化锰的特点及其在环境修复中的应用前景.  相似文献   

19.
浙江省海岛区资源特征与开发研究——以舟山群岛为例   总被引:16,自引:1,他引:16  
舟山群岛为我国第一大群岛,区位条件优越,是开发海洋资源的基地。本文分析了舟山群岛区的资源特征、优势及资源开发的限制因素,对港口航道、海洋生物、旅游、盐业与海洋能源等优势资源的开发利用进行了深入的探讨。  相似文献   

20.
滨海新区资源丰富,经济规模不断扩大,呈现出良好的发展趋势,但也面临资源利用不合理、环境污染严重等问题.在分析天津滨海新区海洋经济发展现状和优势的基础上,探讨了该区域面临的资源与环境约束问题,并对这些问题进行了原因剖析,主要原因包括缺少科学规划引导、管理矛盾突出等.最后从建立环境与经济持续发展的综合决策机制、直接管制与间...  相似文献   

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