污泥活性炭处理染料废水的研究

采用污泥活性炭处理酸性品红模拟染料废水,研究了pH值、污泥活性炭投加量、温度、吸附时间等因素对染料废水的脱色率和COD去除率的影响。探讨了污泥活性炭处理染料废水的机理。实验结果表明:污泥活性炭表现出良好的吸附性能,随着酸性品红染料废水浓度的增加,脱色率先增大后减小,COD去除率的变化曲线与脱色率的曲线呈现相似的走势,但在脱色过程中,只有部分染料分子被吸附到污泥活性炭的结构中,另一部分脱色应归因于水溶液中的氢离子吸引染料分子中的碱性助色基团;随着污泥活性炭投加量的增加,脱色率逐渐增大,COD去除率一直减小;由于染料分子中的显色基团和助色基团与废水溶液中氢离子和氢氧根离子之间的相互作用,导致pH对处理效果的影响比较明显,脱色率和COD去除率均在pH为弱酸性范围内效果比较好;随水浴时间的增加,脱色率逐渐增加,COD去除率很低并一直减小;温度的升高使脱色率先增大后减小,COD去除率整体逐渐减小。通过正交试验得到最佳工艺参数为:pH值取5,水浴时间取6.5 h,水浴温度取20℃,染料废水浓度取2.5 mg/L,活性炭投加量取2.5 g,其脱色率为47.73%,COD去除率为62.62%。     

三维电极法对印染废水脱色的实验研究

对三维电极方法处理模拟印染废水的脱色进行了实验研究,初步探讨了三维电极处理印染废水的机理,对影响处理效果的各种因素,如曝气、填充物质种类、活性炭与铁屑重量比、槽电压、电极间距、初始废水pH值等进行了条件实验。实验结果表明：不曝气的脱色效果比曝气的脱色效果好;填充物为混合物活性炭与铁屑比活性炭、无填充物的脱色效果好;混合物活性炭和铁屑重量比为2：1时的脱色效果最佳;槽电压越高,脱色效果越好,但当大于某个值16v时,处理效果反而会下降;电极间距越小,脱色效果越好,但间距小于1．5cm时易短路而影响脱色效果;中性条件下的脱色率要优于酸性和碱性条件下的;综合考虑,在不曝气,活性炭和铁屑重量比为2：1,槽电压为16v,电极间距为6cm,溶液浓度为200mg／L,pH=6的条件下,降解时间为90win,脱色率可达98．7％。     

新生MnO2对甲基橙的脱色作用研究

以化学法合成的新生MnO2作吸附剂，对水中甲基橙染料进行吸附脱色研究，探讨了影响吸附的因素和吸附机理。结果表明：新生MnO2对甲基橙的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式，吸附速率大吸附前溶液pH值是影响染料脱色效果的最主要因素，吸附后溶液pH值和温度影响程度较小。在实验条件下可使甲基橙脱色率达99％。     

废轮胎热解炭黑制备活性炭及处理染料废水

分别采用H₂SO₄和NaOH对废轮胎热解炭黑进行改性处理,考察炭黑与改性剂固液比对染料废水脱色率的影响.实验结果表明,炭黑与H₂SO₄固液比1g/15mL时得到HBC（酸改性活性炭）处理酸性湖蓝溶液,脱色率最高;炭黑与NaOH固液比1g/10mL时得到NBC（碱改性活性炭）处理碱性湖蓝溶液,脱色效果最好.溶液的酸性越强,越有利于HBC对酸性湖蓝溶液的脱色效果;而溶液的碱性增大,有助于提高NBC对碱性湖蓝的脱色率.此外,HBC对酸性湖蓝与NBC对碱性湖蓝的吸附反应变化趋势非常接近,整个吸附反应迅速,20min后基本达到吸附反应平衡.HBC吸附酸性湖蓝和NBC吸附碱性湖蓝的过程均符合准二级动力学方程.对改性前后的固体物质进行了扫描电镜,红外光谱及比表面积分析.     

壳聚糖改性海泡石吸附直接耐晒黑染料的效能研究

制备了壳聚糖改性海泡石的复合吸附剂,同时利用FTIR对其进行表征,探讨了该复合吸附剂对直接耐晒黑染料的吸附动力学行为,并利用Box-Behnken响应曲面实验得出了其吸附直接耐晒黑的最佳条件。结果表明:壳聚糖改性海泡石在保持海泡石骨架的基础上,N—H的振动峰与N—C=O的伸展峰明显增加,可提供更多的活性电位,有利于对染料的吸附。壳聚糖海泡石对直接耐晒黑的吸附符合拟二级动力学方程;Langmuir与Freundlich两种模型描述吸附等温线的拟合结果表明,Freundlich模型的拟合程度更好,且为优惠吸附。壳聚糖海泡石吸附直接耐晒黑的最佳条件为:吸附剂投加量为2.95 g/L,溶液pH值为5.84,反应时间为4.64 h,在此条件下脱色率可达93.74%,吸附剂投加量与溶液pH对脱色率影响显著。     

纳米二氧化锆的合成及其对染料的吸附性质

采用溶胶—凝胶法合成了纳米级ZrO2,运用透射电镜对产品进行了表征,测得其平均粒径为20～30nm。研究了纳米级ZrO2对红、黄、棕3种偶氮染料溶液的吸附。试验了染料初始浓度、pH值、吸附比、吸附时间对吸附率和吸附量的影响,确定了最佳吸附条件。并用红色染料溶液进行了吸附方程的研究。比较了不同洗脱剂洗脱效果。同光催化降解印染污染相比,本法具有吸附快速、脱色效果好的特点,为印染废水处理提供了方法。但本法的工业化问题有待进一步深入研究。     

污泥活性炭的制备及其对染料废水脱色性能的研究

以城市污水厂的剩余污泥为原料,采用化学活化法制备污泥活性炭,对比研究该吸附剂对酸性大红GR和活性红紫X-2R两种不同性质染料的吸附性能,并探讨了其对酸性大红GR的吸附规律.研究结果表明:用污泥活性炭作吸附剂处理浓度均为100 mg/L的上述两种染料废水,在pH值为6、投加污泥活性炭分别为5 g/L和6g/L时,脱色率可达99.89%和94.81%;污泥活性炭对酸性大红GR的吸附规律可用Langmuir方程描述.     

新生MnO2对水中活性艳红K-2G的脱色作用研究

以化学法合成的新生MnO2作吸附剂，对水中活性艳红K－2G进行吸附脱色研究，探讨了影响吸附的因素和吸附机理，结果表明：新生MnO2对活性艳红K－2G的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式，吸附前溶液pH值是影响染料脱色效果的最主要因素，染料浓度，MnO2投加量和温度影响程度较小，在实验条件下可使活性艳红K－2G的脱色率高达96％。     

啤酒糟对活性染料的吸附特性研究

通过批式实验考察了不同条件对啤酒糟吸附活性黑31和活性蓝49的影响。结果表明：在较宽的溶液初始pH值范围内（2～9）,啤酒糟投加量为10g/L时,4h内啤酒糟能有效地对100mg／L活性黑31和300mg／L活性蓝49溶液吸附脱色。啤酒糟对活性黑31和活性蓝49的吸附率都随NaCl浓度的增加而降低。吸附率随时间的增加逐渐增大,8h内吸附基本达到平衡。染料初始浓度越高,吸附率越低。由该批式实验得到的最佳吸附脱色条件为：pH2．0,啤酒糟投加量15g／L,吸附时间8h。     

Fenton法脱色降解活性黑5模拟废水

本研究对benton试剂脱色降解活性黑5模拟废水进行了初步的实验研究。在恒温条件下,分别以600nm和255nm波长下染料溶液吸光度为主要测定指标,对该种染料的脱色及其芳环结构的氧化降解进行了同步分析。考察了染料溶液初始pH值、Fe^2＋浓度、H2O2投加量、染料浓度等因素的影响。结果表明,在一定实验条件下,活性黑5的脱色效率可达到99％,染料芳环结构的降解可达30％,COD去除率达到57．5％。活性黑5的脱色降解过程分为两个阶段进行。在最佳pH范围内,H2O2投加量、Fe^2＋浓度、染料浓度对染料初始脱色速率影响不大,但对后续的芳环结构降解影响较大。     

含油污水的复合方法处理实验研究

含油污水具有成分复杂，量大面广，含油量高，水质差别大，处理过程复杂等特点。采用凝絮—吸附—过滤复合方法，选择合适的污水处理工艺，对含油污水进行处理回用，处理后的水质可以达到工业污水排放标准。且凝絮—吸附—过滤方法工艺简单，成本低廉，可以达到改善环境，降低成本的良好效果，是具有应用和推广前途的含油污水处理方法。     

应用PSB处理乳品厂废水的试验研究

采用炭渣填料固定PSB混合菌膜技术,对乳品厂废水处理进行试验研究?阐述了工艺流程?工艺参数及效果分析?结果表明,出水各项指标均达到排放标准?CODCr,BOD5,SS,S2-,油类去除率分别为97%,98%,96%,86%,88%?      

Potential of Co2 emission reductions by carbonizing biomass waste from industrial tree plantation in South Sumatra,Indonesia

Approximately half of the carbon in trees can be fixed to charcoal by carbonization. Porous charcoal is useful as a soil amendment for crop fields and forests, and also as a water purifying agent. Given these facts, charcoal production should be recognized as one of the most promising CO₂ sequestration methods. A project on biomass utilization and forest conservation is proposed as a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project, by incorporating the carbonization of biomass residue and waste from tree plantations and pulp mills, and also the utilization of carbon products in various fields. A feasibility study was conducted with the existing project of an industrial tree plantation and pulp production in Indonesia. If conventional charcoal-making methods are used, a total of 368,000 t yr^-1 of biomass residue and waste could be transformed into charcoal of77,000 t yr^-1, and the carbon emission reductions by the project reaches 62,000t-C yr^-1 (or 230,000 t-CO₂yr^-1) in consideration of the project baseline. This charcoal project could provide jobs for approximately 2,600people. The soil fertility in man-made forests could be maintained by returning charcoal to the original forests. Therefore, the project would be beneficial to the regional economy. In addition, the present charcoal project is expected to give more positive impacts than negative ones, or leakage, beyond the project boundary. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

ZE-1号印染废水脱色菌群结构与功能的研究

印染废水是水体的主要工业污染源之一。研究表明,利用微生物对印染废水进行脱色处理是一条可行的途径。浙江省环保科研所曾选育得到一组脱色性能较好,具有应用前景的混合菌群。命名为ZE-1号脱色菌群。     

Waste oyster shell as a kind of active filler to treat the combined wastewater at an estuary

Estuaries have been described as one of the most difficult environments on Earth. It is difficult to know how to treat the combined wastewater in tidal rivers at the estuary, where the situation is very different from ordinary fresh water rivers. Waste oyster shell was used as the active filler in this study in a bio-contact oxidation tank to treat the combined wastewater at the Fengtang Tidal River. With a middle-experimental scale of 360 ma/day, the average removal efficiency of COD, BOD, NH3-N, TP and TSS was 80.05%, 85.02%, 86.59%, 50.58% and 85.32%, respectively, in this bio-contact oxidation process. The living microbes in the biofilms on the waste oyster shell in this bio-contact oxidation tank, which were mainly composed of zoogloea, protozoa and micro-metazoa species, revealed that waste oyster shell as the filler was suitable material for combined wastewater degradation. This treatment method using waste oyster shell as active filler was then applied in a mangrove demonstration area for water quality improvement near the experiment area, with a treatment volume of 5 × 10^3 m^3/day. Another project was also successfully applied in a constructed wetland, with a wastewater treatment volume of 1 ×10^3 m^3/day. This technology is therefore feasible and can easily be applied on a larger scale,     

Natural dyes in modern textile dyehouses — how to combine experiences of two centuries to meet the demands of the future?

Plant materials which are available from farming regions in the moderate Austrian climate were investigated to serve as sources for natural dyes in textile dyeing operations. The extraction of the dye components from the plant materials was performed with boiling water without addition of chemicals or solvents. Based upon a rigorous selection of possible plant sources, a selection of natural dyestuffs applicable in a one-bath dyeing step was established. A broad variation in shade and color depth can be achieved by applying mixtures of natural dyestuffs in various combinations of iron- and alum-mordants. More than 60% of tested dyeings achieved acceptable fastness properties.On the basis of the developed natural dyestuff-based dyeing procedures, a comparison was made between the effluents from processes based upon them and those based upon the current ‘state-of-the-art’ techniques utilizing synthetic dyes. The comparison revealed that a lowering of the chemical load released with waste water can be expected by shifting to the plant-based dyes.     

用陶瓷膜做滤材处理含油废水的研究

本实验是以无机膜之一的陶瓷做滤材，对含油污水处理进行研究．探讨了含油种类与膜的性质、含油浓度和透过速度的关系及反冲洗对透过速度的影响．通过实验证明：轻质油比重油的透过速度大；油水中含油浓度对透过浓度影响不大；反冲洗会使透过速度得到恢复；浊度去除率可达９６％以上，陶瓷膜超滤法处理含油废水是可行的．     

活性污泥法处理甲苯废气吸收液的研究

以甲苯废气吸收液为研究对象,利用活性污泥法降解吸收液中的污染物,研究了吸收液与生活污水混合比,重点分析了反应体系降解中污染物COD、SS、SCOP和甲苯的浓度变化。实验结果表明,当吸收液与生活污水体积比为5:95,曝气量5L/min,连续曝气4h的条件下,COD、SS、SCOP和甲苯的去除率达到77.18%、94.59%、100%和89.47%,甲苯的好氧降解符合准一级动力学方程。     

CAF工艺浓缩剩余活性污泥的可行性研究

涡凹气浮已广泛应用于工业废水和城市污水的预处理中,但涡凹气浮在污泥处理中尚没有应用.根据课题组两年多在南昌朝阳洲污水处理厂的试验表明,涡凹气浮可用于浓缩城市污水处理厂的剩余活性污泥,特别是低浓度剩余活性污泥的浓缩.     

含钛高炉渣光催化降解糠醛废水

利用含钛高炉渣作为光催化材料光催化降解糠醛废水,采用静态试验的方法研究了粉末含钛高炉渣光催化降解糠醛废水的部分影响因素。在糠醛废水溶液浓度一定的条件下,存在一个最佳投放量为0.7g,降解率为63%,并且催化剂粒径越小催化效果越好,粒径为2μm时,降解率为36%。废水温度30℃时,处理效率最高,达到22%。在酸性条件下,催化剂催化效果稳定。因此含钛高炉渣作为光催化材料对糠醛废水有降解作用。