电吸附水处理技术(EST)对污水悬浮物去除效果研究

为了研究电吸附水处理技术(EST)对污水悬浮物的去除效果,本文采用电吸附水处理技术对生活污水中悬浮物进行处理分析,结果表明电吸附水处理系统对悬浮物的去除效果较好,去除率达到74.07%,而电吸附模块本身对悬浮物去除率仅为14.29%,氯离子、进水中悬浮物的浓度及进水中的硬度值均对悬浮物去除效率没有影响。因此,电吸附水处理技术可作为污水处理的一种新型有效方法。     

SPM对铅溶液的处理效果研究

含铅废水仅经过化学沉淀法处理后的出水不够稳定,因此需要后期处理来保证出水稳定并符合国家综合污水排放标准。新型特种粉体材料Special Powder Materia(lSPM)为我国自主研发的新型粉体材料,对微污染的水源有良好的处理效果,去除重金属的主要机理为电化学反应、吸附等。文章目的在于研究SPM去除铅效果的影响因素;研究SPM处理含铅溶液的浓度范围,考察将SPM的应用范围扩展至含铅废水后期处理的可行性。影响SPM处理效果的因素有进水流向、流量、填料高度、停留时间、含铅溶液浓度等,为了定量研究各个因素对SPM处理效果的贡献大小,文章采用配水试验,考察不同条件下SPM对铅的去除效率并进行正交分析。结果表明,进水方向采用逆流方向优于顺流方向,影响SPM处理铅溶液效率的主要因素为进水流量和进水浓度,SPM对较高浓度含铅溶液有明显的除铅效果,有望用于废水后期处理。进水方向为逆流,流量为12L/h,进水浓度为2mg/L时,出水浓度能长时间保证在1mg/L以下,符合国家综合污水排放标准。     

活性炭纤维电吸附法去除饮用水氟离子方法探究

氟是人体必需的元素,对人体有着重要的生理功能。如果人摄入的氟过量,人体将受到较大危害。除氟的方法有很多,电吸附方法是将传统的吸附技术与电化学方法融合,使得电吸附方法与传统的去离子方法相比具有相当的优势：无二次污染,能量利用率高,操作简单,是具有研究和开发价值的清洁型技术。用活性炭纤维做吸附剂对蒸馏水配制成的含氟水去除率显著,为了达到氟离子去除效果,要调节温度、电极电势以及原液浓度,注意电极与吸附材料的选择。     

新型磁性纳米材料对低浓度铜离子选择性检测与去除

本文介绍一种新型有机荧光探针与选择性螯合剂修饰的核壳结构磁性纳米材料(SDMNA),该材料能够同时检测与去除水体中低浓度铜离子。通过一系列吸附实验,发现SDMNA对低浓度铜离子的检测与去除具有一定的选择性和较大的吸附量。吸附等温线与吸附动力学被用于研究SDMNA的吸附行为。结果表明,Freundlich吸附模型和准二级动力学方程分别能够较好地拟合吸附等温线与吸附动力学曲线。此外,结果还显示了SDMNA能在20min内便可达到吸附平衡。     

利用活性碳毡构建流通式电容去离子器件及其电容脱盐性能研究

采用活性碳毡(ACF)作为电吸附材料,构建流通式(Flow-through)电容去离子(CDI)装置,以模拟盐水为对象,考察了电压、通量、进水初始浓度及盐离子种类等条件对ACF电吸附容量的影响,并与平板式(Flow-by)电容去离子装置对比.结果表明,在流通式运行模式下,ACF电吸附容量随着电压、进水盐浓度的增大而增大,吸盐量最终会达到极值(最大吸附量).ACF电吸附容量会随着进水通量的增大先增大后减小.在电压1.2 V、通量0.053 m L·min~(-1)·cm~(-2)、进水初始浓度1000 mg·L~(-1)的条件下,流通式CDI中ACF对硫酸钠的电吸附容量达到7.73 mg·g~(-1),而平板式CDI中ACF电吸附容量为5.42 mg·g~(-1).此外,还考察了在不同盐离子类型条件下的流通式CDI脱盐效果,结果表明,ACF电极对阳离子电吸附强弱顺序依次为K~+Na~+Ca~(2+),对阴离子电吸附强弱顺序为Cl~-NO_3~-SO_4~(2-).流通式CDI装置在12个周期内脱盐效果并无明显衰减,表明CDI具有较好的稳定性.     

黑藻吸附Cu2+机制研究

生物吸附法是一种经济有效的去除废水中有害重金属离子的方法.以黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)干样为生物吸附材料,研究了黑藻对水体中Cu<'2+>等温吸附的基本特征,并通过测定吸附前后溶液离子浓度变化以及pH值、基团屏蔽对Cu<'2+>吸附的影响,结合红外光谱技术,从静电吸附作用、离子交换作用、基团作用...     

用稻米壳吸附去除废水中的铜离子和铅离子

稻壳是一种廉价的生物质吸附剂,用于从废水中去除铜、铅离子。研究了吸附时间、pH值、加入量与粒径、金属离子初始浓度等因素对吸附去除水中铜、铅离子的影响。实验结果表明：在最佳吸附条件下,稻壳对初始浓度为4mg/L铜离子、10m班铅离子的吸附量分别为0．62和2．09mg／g,去除率分别为63％和83％。同时,Cu^2＋和Pb^2＋在天然稻壳上吸附的热力学行为与Langmuir吸附等温式吻;动力学数据研究表明,吸附满足;隹二级动力学模型。稻壳将是去除废水中Cu^＋和Pb^2＋有潜质的材料。     

电吸附技术深度处理印染废水的中试研究

利用电吸附脱盐技术对印染废水深度处理进行可行性研究。中试结果表明,流量0.5m3/h,进水平均电导率为4883μs/cm,出水电导率平均值为1451μs/cm,脱盐率为70.3%,能耗2.95 k W·h/t,产水率为70.5%。电吸附技术对TDS、氯化物以及总硬度均有良好的去除效果。     

利用水华微藻生物质去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)离子的研究

将野生水华微藻生物质作为吸附材料去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)离子。实验发现温度对去除效率没有显著影响,而pH值和Cr(Ⅵ)离子去除率呈严格负相关。在微藻吸附剂浓度为5.0 g/L、温度25℃、pH值5.0和初始Cr(Ⅵ)离子浓度30.0 mg/L条件下,经过2次吸附可以将水中Cr(Ⅵ)离子降低到0.45 mg/L,去除率达到98.5%。进一步分析表明,溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)浓度随着吸附时间逐步下降,Cr(Ⅲ)浓度会随着吸附时间逐步上升,逐渐接近总Cr浓度,这表明吸附过程中微藻生物质会将部分Cr(Ⅵ)还原成Cr(Ⅲ)。本研究表明,野生水华微藻生物质是一种低成本的吸附材料,可以用于去除废水中Cr(Ⅵ)离子。     

利用皂土吸附和介电泳方法间接去除水中的Mn2+

水中重金属去除一直是水处理的技术难点.锰虽然是动物必需的微量元素之一,但是人和动物摄入过量的锰会对神经系统等产生毒害.利用皂土吸附水中的重金属Mn2+,在装有微电极阵列芯片的介电泳池研究装置中,通过调节外加交流电压,捕获悬浮液中的皂土从而间接去除Mn2+.吸附了微量重金属离子的皂土被捕获到电场强度较大的区域,发生了正介电泳.该研究为建立一种从废水中间接去除重金属离子的实际可行方法奠定了实验基础,不存在二次污染.     

新型钢渣水处理剂去除水体污染物的研究现状

钢渣是炼钢生产过程中产生的固体废弃物,具有较高的碱度、机械强度和比表面积。钢渣化学成份较复杂,直接排放会对环境造成严重的污染,加强钢渣的处置及综合利用具有重大意义。作为一种新型的水处理剂,钢渣用于去除水体污染物不仅减少了水体、土壤等生态环境的污染,而且达到了以废治废的目的。文章分析了钢渣水处理剂去除水体污染物的作用机理,认为钢渣水处理剂对水体中污染物的去除主要通过吸附和沉淀两种作用,而还原作用和离子交换作用相对较小。阐述了钢渣水处理剂处理重金属废水、有机废水和无机废水的研究现状,提出了在开发液态钢渣新型处理工艺的基础上,实现钢渣水处理剂的应用。     

Evaluation of zeolites synthesized from fly ash as potential adsorbents for wastewater containing heavy metals

Both pure-form zeolites (zeolites A and X) were synthesized by applying a two-stage method during hydrothermal treatment of fly ash prepared initial gel. The difference of adsorption capacity of both fly ash-synthesized zeolits was assessed under the same adsorption conditions. Copper and zinc were chosen as target heavy metal ions. It was found that adsorption capacity of zeolite A showed much higher value than that of zeolite X. Thus, attention was focused on investigating the removal performance of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution on the synthetic pure-form zeolite A from fly ash, zeolite HS (hydroxyl-solidate) prepared from the residual fly ash (after synthesis of pure-form zeolite A from fly ash) and a commercial grade zeolite A. Batch method was employed to study the influential parameters such as initial pH value, adsorbents dosage and adsorption temperature on the adsorption process. The equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir model and showed the affinity: Cu2+ > Zn2+ (adsorbent FA-ZA). The removal mechanism of metal ions followed adsorption and ion exchange processes. Attempts were also made to recover heavy metal ions and regenerate adsorbents (adsorbent FA-ZA).     

Removal of ammonium ion from water by Na-rich birnessite: Performance and mechanisms

Na-rich birnessite (NRB) was synthesized by a simple synthesis method and used as a high-efficiency adsorbent for the removal of ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) from aqueous solution. In order to demonstrate the adsorption performance of the synthesized material, the effects of contact time, pH, initial ammonium ion concentration, and temperature were investigated. Adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption behavior followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models and the model parameters were evaluated. The monolayer adsorption capacity of the adsorbent, as obtained from the Langmuir isotherm, was 22.61 mg NH₄⁺-N/g at 283 K. Thermodynamic analyses showed that the adsorption was spontaneous and that it was also a physisorption process. Our data revealed that the higher NH₄⁺ adsorption capacity could be primarily attributed to the water absorption process and electrostatic interaction. Particularly, the high surface hydroxyl-content of NRB enables strong interactions with ammonium ion. The results obtained in this study illustrate that the NRB is expected to be an effective and economically viable adsorbent for ammonium ion removal from aqueous system.     

碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石复合材料对水体F-的去除研究

以碳纳米管（CNT）和羟基磷灰石（HAP）为原料,通过原位合成法制备碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石（CdH）复合材料.利用XRD、FTIR、SEM与氮气吸附-脱附等表征其结构形貌,并通过静态吸附实验考察CdH对氟离子（F^-）的吸附性能.结果表明,室温下,CdH对F^-的吸附容量为11.05mg/g,明显高于HAP（5.02mg/g）.吸附动力学模型、Weber-Morris方程、Langmuir和Freundlich方程拟合结果表明,F^-在CdH表面进行Langmuir单分子层吸附,其吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,并且颗粒内部扩散起主要作用.pH值为6时有利于CdH对F^-的去除.此外,结合反应前后固样XPS分析可知CdH对F^-的吸附机制主要为离子交换作用.     

竹炭吸附去除糖蜜酒精废水中COD的研究

通过实验研究了竹炭类型、粒度、投加量、吸附时间以及初始浓度等因素对竹炭吸附去除糖蜜酒精废水中COD效果的影响。结果表明,高温竹炭的吸附效果优于中温竹炭;竹炭粒径越小,废水COD去除效果越好;废水COD去除率随着吸附时间的增大而增加;废水的初始COD浓度越小,COD去除率越大。正交实验表明,废水中COD的去除的最佳条件为,在选用粒度为65～80目的高温竹炭条件下,投加量为1.5g/50mL,水样稀释1倍,振荡时间为1.5h。     

Combining material characterization with single and multi-oxyanion adsorption for mechanistic study of chromate removal by cationic hydrogel

Cationic hydrogel with magnetic property was synthesized via radical polymerization and its removal capacity of chromate from contaminated water was found to be 200 mg/g. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) study, the mechanism of chromate removal by hydrogel was found to be non-specific adsorption, mainly due to ion exchange, as evidenced by the positively charged functional group, trimethyl ammonium –N+(CH3)3; in the monomer. Verifications were accordingly determined by testing different oxyanion adsorption onto the hydrogel. The results of the chromate adsorption experiments illustrated that the amount of chromate adsorbed was nearly equal to that of the chloride released from the hydrogel, which is part of the evidence for ion exchange. Single and multi-oxyanion adsorption experiments were also performed, and it was demonstrated that ion removal was species independent, but charge dependent, another characteristic of the ion exchange process. It was found that the same Langmuir model can be applied to best fit the findings of single and multi-oxyanion adsorption, which further indicates the mechanism of chromate removal is attributed to ion exchange. In view of the above, the background anions compete for adsorption sites with chromate, evidenced by inhibitive chromate removal in the presence of background electrolytes in the batch studies, further echoing the ion exchange mechanism.     

等离子改性CNT/TiO_2电极吸附去除水中苯酚的研究

利用电感耦合空气等离子体对涂覆法制备的CNT/TiO2复合电极进行射频放电改性处理.复合电极的表面形貌、润湿性及元素成分分别通过扫描电镜(SEM)、接触角测试仪、x射线光电子能谱(XPS)进行了表征.结果表明,改性后有利于苯酚吸附,电极比表面孔隙、亲水性、TiO2及含氧官能团均得以增加;循环伏安测试(CV)表明改性后电极比电容提高54%;改性后复合电极对苯酚的吸附量较改性前提高了45%.且等离子改性CNT/TiO2电极对苯酚的去除量随电压、苯酚初始浓度的增加而增加,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型.     

铜渣与含砷污酸反应行为及除砷机理

分析铜渣组成结构和形貌特性的基础上,研究了铜渣与含砷污酸反应行为及脱砷规律,阐明了反应动力学过程,揭示了铜渣除砷机理.结果表明：在铜渣用量为0.2g/mL,反应温度为23℃,反应时间为24h的最优条件下,铜渣的最大去除容量达到25.89mg/g,除砷率达到99.56%,并且除砷后铜渣的砷浸出浓度低于5mg/L的危险废弃物界定限值,属于一般固体废弃物.铜渣除砷过程符合拟二级动力学模型,该过程受铁离子释放速度限制,离子交换吸附和化学沉淀方式同步进行实现了砷的脱除,两种方式的结合有利于砷的稳定化.铜渣与污酸反应释放大量的铁离子,通过离子交换吸附与砷酸根离子发生沉淀反应,形成较为稳定的砷酸盐及其衍生化合物,进而达到除砷目的.铜渣表现出优越的除砷性能,为重有色冶炼污酸处置提供了一种高效和低成本的方法.     

Comparison of quartz sand, anthracite, shale and biological ceramsite for adsorptive removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution

The choice of substrates with high phosphorus adsorption capacity is vital for sustainable phosphorus removal from waste water in constructed wetlands. In this study, four substrates were used： quartz sand, anthracite, shale and biological ceramsite. These substrate samples were characterized by X- ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy studies for their mineral components （chemical components） and surface characteristics. The dynamic experimental results revealed the following ranking order for total phosphorus （TP） removal efficiency： anthracite 〉 biological ceramsite 〉 shale 〉 quartz sand. The adsorptive removal capacities for TP using anthracite, biological ceramsite, shale and quartz sand were 85.87, 81.44, 59.65, and 55.98 mg/kg, respectively. Phosphorus desorption was also studied to analyze the substrates＇ adsorption efficiency in wastewater treatment as well as the substrates＇ ability to be reused for treatment. It was noted that the removal performance for the different forms of phosphorus was dependent on the nature of the substrate and the adsorption mechanism. A comparative analysis showed that the removal of particulate phosphorus was much easier using shale. Whereas anthracite had the highest soluble reactive phosphorus （SRP） adsorptive capacity, biological ceramsite had the highest dissolved organic phosphorus （DOP） removal capacity. Phosphorus removal by shale and biological ceramsite was mainly through chemical adsorption, precipitation or biological adsorption. On the other hand, phosphorus removal through physical adsorption （electrostatic attraction or ion exchange） was dominant in anthracite and quartz sand.     

新型离子交换纤维去除水中砷酸根离子的研究

制备了一种新型离子交换纤维。研究表明,该离子交换纤维对砷酸根离子具有较高的吸附容量和较快的吸附速度,吸附动力学数据完全符合Lagergren二级速度方程,在所研究的砷浓度范围内,Freundlich型吸附等温式能很好地描述吸附平衡数据,去除砷酸根离子的最佳pH值范围是3．5－7．0。离子交换纤维柱吸附实验表明了较好的动态附特性,稀NaOH溶液是砷酸根离子的有效洗脱剂,30mL 0.5mol/L NaOH溶液可定量将96．0mg/g吸附量的砷从纤维柱上洗脱。