EvolutionofJianghanLakesandregionalsustainable development

１　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＪｉａｎｇｈａｎＬａｋｅｓｌｉｅｉｎｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｒｅａｃｈｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＹａｎｇｔｚｅＲｉｖｅｒ，ａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙ３９ｔｈｏｕｓａｎｄｓｑｕａｒｅｋｉｌｏｍｅｔｅｒｓｉｎａｒｅａ．Ｉｔｉｓｒｅｎｏｗｎｅｄａｓａ“ｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｏｆｆｉｓｈａｎｄｒｉｃｅ”ｉｎＣｈｉｎａａｎｄａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｂａｓｅｏｆａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌａｎｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｅｌａｋｅｓｉｎｔｈｉｓａｒｅａａｒｅｄｉｖｉｄｅｄｉｎｔｏｆｉｖｅｔｙ…     

Sustainable development and environmental protection

The focus of this paper is on protecting the environment in resource development and not on economic issues even though many obstacles to sustainability include social, political and economic factors. Many stark examples of past failures in resource development serve as grim reminders for future planning. Most of the options will require an evaluation as to their appropriateness as well as to the economic capability and commitment of developing countries and international development institutions to incorporate them into programs.     

Rural development with environmental sustainability

ＲｕｒａｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｗｉｔｈｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｉｌｉｔｙＬｕＹｏｎｇｌｏｎｇ；ＷａｎｇＲｕｓｏｎｇ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍ...     

GMO and sustainable development in less favoured regions—the need for alternative paths of development

The risk assessment for new technologies, like the use of GMO in the agricultural production, becomes enormously complex. It cannot be limited to purely natural–scientific analysis. Socio-economic factors need to be considered as well. The active promotion of GMO-free areas is discussed as a means for an alternative path of development. Economically less favoured and at the same time ecologically sensitive areas are suitable for the territorial application of this concept. The state of discussion on the influences of the agricultural use of GMO on the regional development of less favoured and ecologically sensitive regions is presented. The social acceptance of GMO-free areas was tested in a survey, which was conducted in 1999 in Austria. The results suggest that the idea is worth being pursued. A case study for local application is presented: GMO-free areas as part of a biosphere park stimulate economically sustainable endogenous development.     

Eco-environmental problems and protectionin Tumen River development

Ｅｃｏ－ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓａｎｄｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎＴｕｍｅｎＲｉｖｅｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＹｅＣｈａｎｇｍｉｎｇ；ＹａｎＨａｉ；ＤｉｎｇＭｅｉ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉ...     

Sustainable urban development — the public health dimension

１　Ｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅｕｒｂａｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ—ｔｈｅｐｕｂｌｉｃｈｅａｌｔｈｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎＴｏｗｎｓａｎｄｃｉｔｉｅｓａｒｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｌｙｔｈｅｆｏｃｕｓｆｏｒｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎＥｕｒｏｐｅａｎｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ．Ｆｏｒｍｅｒｌｙ，ｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｉａｎｓａｎｄｐｌａｎｎｅｒｓｐｒｉｏｒｉｔｉｚｅｄｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌａｎｄｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｌｅｖｅｌｓ，ｗｉｔｈｍａｃｒｏｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｓｅｅｎａｓｔ…     

Metbodology of environmental impact assessment for regional development

ＭｅｔｂｏｄｏｌｏｇｙｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｉｍｐａｃｔａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｆｏｒｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＺｈｕＴａｎ；ＣｈｅｎＷｅｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｏｆＮａｎｋａｉＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉ...     

Technological system for sustainable development of Chinese agriculture

ＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｓｙｓｔｅｍｆｏｒｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅＺｈａｎｇＲｅｎｗｕ；ＪｉＷｅｎｙｉｎｇ；ＺｈａｎｇＴｏｎｇ（Ａｇｒｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎＩｎ...     

Level of coordinated development in economy and environment

ＬｅｖｅｌｏｆｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｅｃｏｎｏｍｙａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＺｈａｎｇＱｉｄｅ，ＷａｎｇＹｕｘｉｕ，ＲｅｎＪｉｎｓｏｎｇＬｉａｏｎｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎＳｃｉ...     

Nuclear power development and radiationsafety control in China

ＮｕｃｌｅａｒｐｏｗｅｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎｓａｆｅｔｙｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｉｎＣｈｉｎａＨｕＥｒｂａｎｇ（ＣｈｉｎａｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｆｏｒＲａｄｉａｔｉｏｎＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ，Ｔａｉｙｕａｎ０３０００６，Ｃｈｉｎａ）Ｎｕｃｌ...     

Indicator system and evaluation framework for sustainable development

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｎｏｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｗａｓｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｅＷｏｒｌｄＣｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎＳｔｒａｔｅｇｙ（ＩＵＣＮ，１９８０）．Ｉｔｉｓｐｏｉｎｔｅｄｏｕｔｔｈａｔｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｒｅｍｕｔｕａｌｌｙｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔａｎｄｔｈｅｙｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄ，ｗｈｅｒｅｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｍｅａｎｓｔｈｅｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｈｕｍａｎ…     

Perspective in development of environmental technology in China

１　ＩｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｃａｌｌｆｏｒｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓＷｉｔｈｔｈｅｒａｐｉｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｇｒｏｗｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔｔｗｏｄｅｃａｄｅｓ，ａｌｌｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｏｆｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｈａｖｅａｐｐｅａｒｅｄｉｎＣｈｉｎａｉｎｏｎｅｗａｙｏｒａｎｏｔｈｅｒ．Ｔｈｅｙａｒｅｍａｉｎｌｙｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｅｄｉｎｓｏｉｌｅｒｏｓｉｏｎ，ｄｅｓｅｒｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ，ｂｉ…     

Optimization of harmonious development on regional energy-economy-atmospheric environment system

Ｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｈａｒｍｏｎｉｏｕｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｎｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｅｎｅｒｇｙ－ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ－ａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｓｙｓｔｅｍ￥ＮｉｎｇＤａｔｏｎｇ，ＷａｎｇＬｅｉ（ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＲｅａｌＥｓｔａｔｅ...     

A comparative assessment of alternative approaches to sustainable development

ＡｃｏｍｐａｒａｔｉｖｅａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｏｆａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｅｓｔｏｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＰａｎＪｉａｈｕａＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＷｏｒｌｄＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｓａｎｄＰｏｌｉｔｉｃｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａ...     

A new direction for the development of the paper industry

-In order to reduce the increasingly serious environmental impact caused by wastewater from the paper industry, the municipality of Jinan plans to adopt a specialized production technology. The new technology will centralize pulp production and decentralize paper production. It is predicted that the new technology will greatly reduce the environmental effects of the paper industry. Perhaps it is a new direction for the development of the paper industry in China.     

Acoustical environment of urban area related to the city development

ＡｃｏｕｓｔｉｃａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｏｆｕｒｂａｎａｒｅａｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｃｉｔｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＬｉｕＸｉａｏｔｕＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ，ＳｏｕｔｈｅａｓｔＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｎａｎｊｉｎｇ２１０...     

Sino British cooperation for urban environmental enhancement and sustainable development

１　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎａｒｇｕｅｄｔｈａｔＣｈｉｎａｈａｓｐｒｅｓｓｅｄａｇａｉｎｓｔｏｒｅｘｃｅｅｄｅｄｔｈｅｌｉｍｉｔｓｏｆｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｎｍａｎｙｏｃｃａｓｉｏｎｓｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｐａｓｔ３０００ｙｅａｒｓｗｉｔｈｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ（Ｅｌｖｉｎ，１９９３）．ＨｅｎｃｅＣｈｉｎａ○ｓｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓａｒｅｎｏｔａｎｅｗｃｏｎｓｔｒａｉｎｔｔｏｄｅ…     

Tools and concepts for sustainable development,how do they relate to a general framework for sustainable development,and to each other?

We present a general framework to plan for sustainability and then relate it to some well-known tools for sustainable development. This framework follows from principles for how a system is constituted (ecological and social principles), and contains principles for a favorable outcome for the system (sustainability), as well as principles for the process to reach this outcome (sustainable development). The principles for sustainability define the favorable outcome and direct problem-solving upstream towards problemsources. A program of activities is then constructed by backcasting from defined outcomes to the current problems. This is followed by “metrics”, i.e. various concepts for measuring and monitoring the activities. Most concepts and tools for sustainable development function as metrics, for instance life cycle assessment (LCA), ecological footprinting (EF), and Factor X. An environmental management system (EMS), like ISO 14001 or EMAS, is an administrative vehicle that should systematically align a firm's specific outcomes, activities and metrics with a general framework for sustainability. From a strategic point of view, metrics should measure alignment of activities with the principles contained in a framework for sustainability. A framework is not an alternative to concepts and tools for metrics. We need them all, because they represent different interrelated levels of strategic planning.     

Can strategic technology development improve climate cooperation? A game-theoretic analysis

Clean technology has figured prominently in recent debates on international climate policy. This article offers a game-theoretic investigation of the possibility and effectiveness of strategic technology development: environmental leaders setting policies that reduce the global cost of clean technology. The game-theoretic model combines technology development and adoption with pollution abatement, and it allows technology costs to differ across countries. The key theoretical findings are as follows. First, free riding is an obstacle to technology development in two ways: countries fail to fully internalize the beneficial effect of technology development on (i) global pollution abatement and (ii) the reduced cost of technology adoption in outsider countries. Second, strategic technology development can be effective when (i) a key group of frontrunner countries prefers to invest in research and development and (ii) many other countries are willing to adopt the new technology. The findings suggest that strategic technology deployment by a group of frontrunners can enable more effective climate cooperation in the future.     

Sustainability experiments in Asia: innovations shaping alternative development pathways?

Global sustainability is increasingly influenced by processes of industrialisation and urbanization in non-OECD countries, especially in Asia. Growth models suggest that developing economies and regions will become first relatively more resource- and pollution-intensive, before converging on more resource-efficient and low-pollution production and consumption patterns expressed in developed countries. Alternative less resource- and pollution-intensive growth models for latecomer countries promise social and economic benefits in the short- and long-term. Drawing on insights from system innovation research on long-run change in socio-technical systems, we discuss the potential role of ‘sustainability experiments’ to generate innovations that will constitute new ‘greener’ growth models. We observe a great number of technology-based initiatives that we characterize as sustainability experiments in East and South Asian countries. These experiments emerge in the context of the growth of new socio-technical regimes in key sectors, including energy, transport, manufacturing, food and the built environment. We set out a conceptual framework for assessing the role of experiments, and for evaluating how they link with and become anchored into alternative more sustainable regimes. In this paper we argue that sustainability experiments represent a significant new source of innovation and capability-formation, linked to global knowledge and technology flows, which could reshape emergent socio-technical regimes and so contribute to alternative development pathways in latecomer countries. We conclude by summarizing the six papers published in this Special Issue.