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1.
Iron and copper bimetallic system (catalyzed Fe-Cu process) is a promising technology for alkaline nitrobenzene-containing wastewater treatment. However, little is currently known about the changes of treatment efficiency with time going. This research investigated the long-term performance of the catalyzed Fe-Cu process to reduce nitrobenzene (NB) in alkaline wastewater. In addition, the changes of the metal surfaces morphologies and matters before and after the reaction were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The results showed that the surface properties of copper almost remained unchanged after weeks of operation, which spelled its strong chemical stability and resistance to poisoning. Moreover, the results indicated that there were two reasons for the treatment efficiency decreasing with time. One was the gradual iron element consumption due to corrosion. The other was iron reactivity weakened due to the precipitates accumulation on the surfaces that were mainly Fe3O4 and FeCO. __________ Translated from Environmental Pollution & Control, 2006, 28(10): 783–785 [译自: 环境污染与防治]  相似文献   

2.
采用静态水热晶化法,以硅溶胶为硅源、六亚甲基亚胺(HMI)为模板剂,通过掺杂Ce合成了具有MWW层状结构的Ce-MCM-22分子筛。并利用粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等方法对其进行了表征,对其进行了吸附动力学的研究。研究表明,Ce-MCM-22吸附动力方程拟一级方程为y=-0.028 1x-0.136,R2=0.983 4。Ce-MCM-22吸附动力方程拟二级方程为y=0.465 7x+1.2005,R2=0.999 5,说明拟二级反应模型更能真实地反映分子筛吸附亚甲蓝溶液的反应机理。  相似文献   

3.
北京城区可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的矿物学研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
使用X射线衍射技术(XRD)和扫描电镜技术(SEM/EDX)对北京PM10中的矿物组分进行了分析.结果表明,北京PM10中的矿物组分存在明显的季节变化规律,春季PM10中的矿物组成种类最多;秋季PM10中的矿物种类最少;在夏季PM10中,矿物的种类有所减少,却有新的物种出现,如NH4Cl、K(NH4)Ca(SO4)2?H2O、As2O3?SO3等.粘土矿物是北京PM10中含量最高的矿物,石英的含量次之,其他依次为方解石、石膏、长石、白云石以及其他矿物颗粒;北京PM10中还存在一定数量的复合颗粒,颗粒表面常有S、Cl元素的存在.  相似文献   

4.
环境扫描电镜对废水生物样品形态结构的表征研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
采用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)分析颗粒污泥和悬浮填料生物膜的微生物群落形态,并与扫描电镜(SEM)观察结果进行比较.结果表明,ESEM观察悬浮填料生物膜的适宜条件为样品台温度5℃,样品室汽压5.91×102Pa,相对湿度75%,加速电压15.00kV.观察颗粒污泥样品的适宜条件为样品台温度0℃,样品室汽压7.00×102Pa,相对湿度100%,加速电压10.00kV.表面存在的水滴凝聚和含水量高、结构脆弱的样品易因气压和入射电子束轰击收缩变形,是影响ESEM观察样品真实面貌的主要因素.悬浮填料生物膜的ESEM观察说明,相较于SEM,未经任何处理的载体生物膜样品在合适的ESEM条件下可得到的高放大倍数的清晰照片,能更真实的表征生物膜的微生物群落结构.含水量高、结构脆弱,承受能力差的颗粒污泥样品,则需要通过锇酸或者戊二醛等固定剂进行化学固定,降低ESEM的加速电压,并且尽量缩短观察时间,避免因气压和高速入射电子束的轰击而收缩变形,获得其原始形貌照片.  相似文献   

5.
城市雾天单个矿物颗粒物理和化学特征   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
应用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和带能谱的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)对北京冬季雾天和正常天气下收集的4个样品进行研究.雾天中矿物颗粒的数量-粒度分布的峰值出现在0.1~0.3 μm和1~2.5 μm之间,并且发现雾天出现的二次矿物颗粒的数量百分含量(4.67%)高于正常天气条件(0.12%).单个矿物颗粒的EDX能谱显示,雾天和正常天气中单个矿物颗粒的主要化学成分有一定的差别,尤其是S元素.矿物颗粒分为9种不同类型:"富Si"、"富Ca"、"富S"、"富Fe""富Mg"、"富Al"、"富Ti"、"富K"和"富Cl",其中雾天"富Ca"中55%的颗粒含有Ca(50%±1.2%)和S(37%±1.6%),"富S"中72%的颗粒含有S(44%±1.5%)和Ca(33%±2%),说明了雾天中绝大部富集S的颗粒物中同时富集Ca,这在一定程度上说明了北京市大气中这些含Ca的碱性矿物对雾水酸性有一定的缓冲作用.雾天样品中S/Ca的平均比值为6.11,如果以冬季正常天气条件下S/Ca的均值0.73为背景值,雾天中S/Ca的比值是冬季正常天气的8倍,可见雾天中颗粒物表面的硫化现象相当严重,同时也显示出雾天SO2向硫酸盐的转化率比较高.  相似文献   

6.
Magnetotactic microorganisms use the interaction of internal biomineralized nanoparticles with the geomagnetic field to orientate. The movement of the magnetotactic multicellular prokaryote Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis under an applied magnetic field was observed. A method using digital image processing techniques was used to track the organism trajectory to simultaneously obtain its body radius, velocity, U-turn diameter, and the reorientation time. The magnetic moment was calculated using a self-consistent method. The distribution of magnetic moments and radii present two well-characterized peaks at (9 ± 2) × 10−15 and (20 ± 3) × 10−15 A m2 and (3.6 ± 0.1) and (4.3 ± 0.1) μm, respectively. For the first time, simultaneous determination of the distribution of the organism radii and magnetic moment was obtained from the U-turn method by a new digital imaging processing. The bimodal distributions support an organism reproduction process model based on electron microscopy observations. These results corroborate the prokaryote multicellular hypothesis for Candidatus M. multicellularis.  相似文献   

7.
北极夏季大气气溶胶单颗粒研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为研究北极地区大气气溶胶颗粒的物理化学特性,于2013年8月8~12日环Svalbard岛收集大气气溶胶样品,利用带能谱的透射电子显微镜(TEM-EDS)共分析2530个单颗粒,并获得颗粒物的形貌特征和化学组成.结果表明,北极地区颗粒物主要表现为5种类型,分别为海盐颗粒、富S颗粒、富Fe颗粒、含碳颗粒和矿物颗粒.后向气流轨迹显示,采样期间大气污染物主要来自于北极点周边的海洋上空和附近格陵兰岛地区.来自海洋上空的大气中主要包含海盐颗粒,所占数量比例为54.7%;经过陆地的大气样品中95.4%为矿物颗粒.利用时间密度因子法估算出北极地区PM2.5质量浓度范围为0.55~0.72mg/m3.  相似文献   

8.
Fulvic acids extracted from a typical rice-production region near Taihu Lake of China were fractionated into three fractions including F4. 8, F7. 0 and F11. 0(eluted by pH4. 8 buffer, pH 7. 0bufferandpH 11. 0buffer, respectively). Sorption of fulvic acid(FA)fractions onto kaolinite was studied by batch adsorption experiments, and characterizations of kaolinite before and after adsorption were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Adsorption isotherms of kaolinite for three FA fractions fit well with the Langmuir adsorption model. The adsorption density of the three fractions was positively correlated with the ratio of the amount of the alkyl carbon to that of carboxyl and carbonyl carbon in FA fractions and followed an order of F11. 0>F7. 0>F4.8.Hydrophobic interaction Was one of the control mechanisms for the sorption of FA fraction onto kaolinite. SEM images confirmed that compared to blank kaolinite samples, kaolinite samples coated by a FA fraction displayed an opener and more dispersed conformation resulting from the disruption of the floe structure in complex. Dispersion of kaolinite after adsorption was due to the repulsion between negatively charged FA. coated particles, which is closely related to the amount of FA fractions absorbed on kaolinite.  相似文献   

9.
通过共沉淀法合成Ag3VO4,紫外光下以亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水为对象进行光催化降解实验,分析考察了催化剂的投加量、亚甲基蓝的初始浓度和通气量对光催化降解的影响。并用XRD,SEM,TEM和UV-vis漫反射对Ag3VO4的结构进行了表征。实验结果表明,紫外光下Ag3VO4降解亚甲基蓝有良好的催化活性,当催化剂用量为0.3g/L,通气量为2L/min以及初始浓度为10mg/L时,120min后亚甲基蓝的降解率达到98%。  相似文献   

10.
为了进一步从微观角度上研究不同过滤阶段出水有机物(Ef OM)在纳米Si O2改性超滤膜表面的具体吸附机制,通过调节Si O2添加比例从而获得不同改性程度的实际膜.借用耗散型石英晶体微天平(QCM-D)与原子力显微镜(AFM)联用技术分别测定Ef OM在膜表面的吸附情况和Ef OM与膜之间的相互作用力.QCM-D实验结果与分析表明,膜表面的亲水性越好,膜表面Ef OM吸附量就越少,以及Ef OM在膜表面的吸附速率明显减缓.实验结果还发现,Ef OM的吸附经历了两个阶段:在初始阶段(15 min内),有机物快速吸附到膜表面并堆积;当Ef OM的吸附频率达到平衡时,耗散却处于非平衡状态,该现象说明虽然Ef OM在膜表面的吸附量达到稳定,但其吸附层的构象却仍在发生变化.AFM测定结果证明,随着亲水性的不断改善,Ef OM-膜、Ef OM-Ef OM之间的作用力均有所减小,该结果揭露了膜面Ef OM吸附量减少吸附速率下降的本质原因.QCM-D与AFM的联用有效地解释了膜改性对Ef OM吸附机制的影响.  相似文献   

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