首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
Total concentration of heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Mn and Zn) was estimated in the redeveloping soil of mine spoil under 5-yr old plantations of four woody species namely: Albizia lebbeck, Albizia procera, Tectona grandis and Dendrocalamus strictus.The data recorded in the present study were compared with other unplanted coal mine spoil colliery, which was around to the study site and adjoining area of dry tropical forest. Among all the heavy metals, the maximum concentration was found for Fe and minimum for Cd.However, among all four species, total concentrations of these heavy metals were recorded maximally in the plantation plots of T. grandis except for Fe, while minimally in A. lebbeck except for Zn, whereas, the maximum concentration of Fe and Zn was in the plantation plots of D. strictus and A. procera. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences due to species for all the heavy metals except Cu.Among four species, A. lebbeck, A. procera and D. strictus showed more efficient for reducing heavy metal concentrations whereas T. grandis was not more effective to reduce heavy metal concentrations in redeveloping soil of mine spoil.  相似文献   

2.
A batch composting study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of co-composting sewage sludge with sodium sulfide and lime (SSL) mixture (Na2S/CaO= 1:1), aiming at reducing the availability of heavy metals in the sludge compost. Sewage sludge with sawdust as a bulking agent was amended with SSL at 3% (w/w, dw), and composted for 15 d in laboratory batch reactors. The four stages of the Tessier sequential extraction method was employed to investigate changes in heavy metal fractions of Cu, Zn, and Ni in sewage sludge composted with SSL. For all the three metals, the mobile fractions, such as, exchangeable and carbonate bound were mainly transformed into low availability fractions (organic matter and sulfide, Fe-Mn oxides bound and residual forms), and the addition of SSL enhanced this transformation. Therefore, SSL is a suitable material to co-compost with sewage sludge to reduce the availability of heavy metals. According to the cabbage seed germination test, a SSL amendment of ≤3% (w/w, dw) is recommended to co-compost with sewage sludge.  相似文献   

3.
Speciation and fractionation of heavy metals in soil subsamples experimentally loaded with Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in orthogonal design was investigated by sequential extraction, and operationally defined as water-soluble and exchangeable(SE), weakly specific adsorbed( WSA),Fe and Mn oxides-bound(OX) and organic-bound( ORG). The results showed that fractions of heavy metals in the soil subsamples depended on their speciation. About 90% of Cd and 75% of Zn existed in soil subsamples in the SE fraction. Lead and Cu existed in soil subsamples as SE, WSA and OX fractions simultaneously, although SE was still the major fraction. Organic-bound heavy metals were not clearly apparent in all the soil subsamples. The concentration of some heavy metal fractions in soil subsamples showed the good correlation with ionic impulsion of soil, especially for the SE fraction. Continuous saturation of soil subsamples with 0.20 mol/L NH4CI, which is the first step for determination of the negative surface charge of soil by the ion retention method, resulted in desorption of certain heavy metals from the soil. It was found that the percentage desorption of heavy metals from soil subsamples depended greatly on pH, the composition and original heavy metal content of the soil subsamples. However, most of the heavy metals in the soil subsamples were still be retained after multiple saturation. Compared with the parent soil, the negative surface charge of soil subsamples loaded with heavy metals did not show difference significantly from that of the parent one by statistical analysis. Heavy metals existed in the soil subsamples mainly as exchangeable and precipitated simultaneously.  相似文献   

4.
The concentrations of heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were investigated in drinking water sources (surface and groundwater) collected from Swat valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The potential health risks of heavy metals to the local population and their possible source apportionment were also studied. Heavy metal concentrations were analysed using atomic absorption spectrometer and compared with permissible limits set by Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb were higher than their respective permissible limits, while Cu, Mn and Zn concentrations were observed within their respective limits. Health risk indicators such as chronic daily intake (CDI) and health risk index (HRI) were calculated for adults and children separately. CDIs and HRIs of heavy metals were found in the order of Cr 〉 Mn 〉 Ni 〉 Zn 〉 Cd 〉 Cu 〉 Pb and Cd 〉 Ni 〉 Mn 〉 Cr 〉 Cu 〉 Pb 〉 Zn, respectively. HRIs of selected heavy metals in the drinking water were less than 1, indicating no health risk to the local people. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses showed that geologic and anthropogenic activities were the possible sources of water contamination with heavy metals in the study area.  相似文献   

5.
This study focused on the changes of soil microbial diversity and potential inhibitory effects of heavy metals on soil enzymatic activities at different application rates of Cd andor Pb. The soil used for experiments was collected from Beijing and classified as endoaquepts. Pots containing 500 g of the soil with different Cd andor Pb application rates were incubated for a period of 0, 2, 9, 12 weeks in a glasshouse and the soil samples were analyzed for individual enzymes, including catalase, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase, and the changes of microbial community structure. Results showed that heavy metals slightly inhibited the enzymatic activities in all the samples spiked with heavy metals. The extent of inhibition increased significantly with increasing level of heavy metals, and varied with the incubation periods. The soil bacterial community structure, as determined by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis techniques, was different in the contaminated samples as compared to the control. The highest community change was observed in the samples amended with high level of Cd. Positive correlations were observed among the three enzymatic activities, but negative correlations were found between the amounts of the heavy metals and the enzymatic activities.  相似文献   

6.
Changes of Cu, Zn, and Cd speciation in sewage sludge during composting   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
The potential toxicity risks from heavy metals depend on their chemical speciation. The four stages of the Tessier sequential extraction method were employed to investigate changes in heavy metal speciation (Cu, Zn, and Cd) of sewage sludge during forced aeration composting, and then to identify whether the composting process would reduce or enhance their toxicities. Throughout the composting process, the exchangeable, carbonate-bound, Fe-Mn oxide-bound, and organic matter-bound fractions of Cu were converted to the residual Cu fraction. The organic matter-bound Cu fraction greatly contributed to this transformation. Residual Zn fraction was transformed to the Fe-Mn oxide-bound and organic matter-bound fractions after composting. The residual Zn fraction was a major contributor to the organic matter-bound Zn fraction. The availability of Cu and Zn was reduced by composting such that the risk of heavy metal toxicity decreased with prolonged treatment times. Additionally, attention should be paid to the increased availability of Cd in sewage sludge after composting treatment.  相似文献   

7.
Phytoremediation can be used as a sustainable technology for mine spoil remediation to remove heavy metals. This study investigated the concentration of 7 heavy metal contamination in soil and plant samples at an abandoned mine site. We found that, after vegetation remediation at the abandoned mine site, the reduction rates for 7 heavy metals were in the range of 4.2%–86%, where reduction rates over 50% were achieved for four heavy metals (Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni). Transfer coe cients of the panicled goldenrain tree (Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm) and the common elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpus decipens) for Zn, Mn, Ni, and Co were more than 1. Enrichment coe cients of both trees for Mn were higher than 1. Our results suggest that the panicled goldenrain tree and the common elaeocarpus tree may act as accumulators in remediation. Moreover, the woody vegetation remediation in abandoned mining areas play an important role in improving scenery besides removing heavy metal from contaminated soil.  相似文献   

8.
All the regulations that define a maximum concentration of metals in the receiving soil are based on total soil metal concentration. However, the potential toxicity of a heavy metal in the soil depends on its speciation and availability. We studied the effects of heavy metal speciation and availability on soil microorganism activities along a Cu/Zn contamination gradient. Microbial biomass and enzyme activity of soil contaminated with both Cu and Zn were investigated. The results showed that microbial biomass was negatively affected by the elevated metal levels. The microbial biomass-C (Cmic)/organic C (Corg) ratio was closely correlated to heavy metal stress. There were negative correlations between soil microbial biomass, phosphatase activity and NH4NO3 extractable heavy metals. The soil microorganism activity could be predicted using empirical models with the availability of Cu and Zn. We observed that 72% of the variation in phosphatase activity could be explained by the NH4NO3-extractable and total heavy metal concentration. By considering different monitoring approaches and different viewpoints, this set of methods applied in this study seemed sensitive to site differences and contributed to a better understanding of the effects of heavy metals on the size and activity of microorganisms in soils. The data presented demonstrate the relationship between heavy metals availability and heavy metal toxicity to soil microorganism along a contamination gradient.  相似文献   

9.
Batch experiments were conducted with a heavy metals and arsenic co-contaminated soil from an abandoned mine to evaluate the feasibility of a remediation technology that combines sieving with soil washing.Leaching of the arsenic and heavy metals from the different particle size fractions was found to decrease in the order: 0.1,2–0.1,and 2 mm.With increased contact time,the concentration of heavy metals in the leachate was significantly decreased for small particles,probably because of adsorption by the clay soil component.For the different particle sizes,the removal efficiencies for Pb and Cd were75%–87%,and 61%–77% for Zn and Cu,although the extent of removal was decreased for As and Cr at 45%.The highest efficiency by washing for Pb,Cd,Zn,and As was from the soil particles 2 mm,although good metal removal efficiencies were also achieved in the small particle size fractions.Through SEM-EDS observations and correlation analysis,the leaching regularity of the heavy metals and arsenic was found to be closely related to Fe,Mn,and Ca contents of the soil fractions.The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil by sieving combined with soil washing was proven to be efficient,and practical remediation parameters were also recommended.  相似文献   

10.
The soil moisture regime can affect the release of heavy metals in soil. In the previous studies, slightly polluted soils or artificially contaminated soil samples were considered to investigate the effect of soil moisture. We used highly smelter-contaminated and aged soils to study the release of typical heavy metals(Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) induced by water incubation in batch experiments with characterization via speciation and X-ray diffraction analyses(XRD). The results show that the leachable concentrations of the heavy metals increased slightly in the first 30 days, decreased drastically between 30 and 90 days, and immobilized relatively constant thereafter. The fluctuation was ascribed to the changes of soil Eh and pH, the reductive dissolution of crystalline iron oxides, the formation of new amorphous iron oxides, the absorption of dissolved organic matter and the precipitation of metal sulfide. Speciation analysis indicated that a proportion of the soil heavy metals was transformed from an exchangeable fraction to a less labile fraction after water incubation. And the presence of a lead iron oxide phase and the peak increasing of zinc sulfide were observed via XRD analyses. Finally, water incubation restrained the release of heavy metals after 180 days of incubation, and reduced the leachability of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb by as much as 1.61%–7.21% for soil A and 0.43%–3.36% for soil B, respectively. The study findings have implications for the formulation of risk control and management strategies for heavy metals in smelter-contaminated soils.  相似文献   

11.
在深入研究9种不同污水处理厂污泥中重金属存在形态和15种PAHs含量水平的基础上,讨论了污泥中PAHs和重金属含量之间的相互关系.结果表明,生活污水污泥中Zn的含量最高,其次为Cu,而As和Cd含量较低;工业废水污泥中各重金属含量差异较大,制革污泥的Cr含量超过15000 mg·kg-1.污泥中As、Cr、Cu、Pb主要以可氧化态和残渣态存在;Ni和Zn的酸溶态及可还原态的比例较高;Cd在不同污泥中的形态分布变化较大.生活污水和工业废水污泥中∑PAHs的平均含量相差不大,分别为13.74 mg·kg-1和13.95 mg·kg-1.不同污泥中各PAHa呈现4环>3环>2环>5环>6环的分布特征,化石燃料不完全燃烧和石油类污染是污泥中PAHs的主要来源.污泥中低分子量(2环和3环)PAHs与Cd、Ni、Zn等重金属含量存在显著的相关关系,这种相关关系与重金属作用于污泥中的微生物并最终影响微生物对PAHs的降解有关.  相似文献   

12.
中国城市污泥的重金属含量及其变化趋势   总被引:160,自引:9,他引:160  
对相关研究结果的系统统计表明,Zn是我国城市污泥中平均含量最高的重金属元素,其次是Cu,再次是Cr,而毒性较大的元素Hg、Cd、As含量往往较低,通常在几个到十几个mg/kg范围内;70%统计样本的As含量在20ms/kg以内,而Cd、Cr、Ca、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn含量则分别在2.8、250、417、5、75、130、1701ms/kg以内.我国城市污泥中的重金属含量普遍低于英美等发达国家,而且其中的重金属含量呈现逐渐降低的趋势.按照1984年颁布的《农用污泥污染物控制标准》(GB4284-84),Zn是我国城市污泥中超标问题最突出的重金属,其超标率为55%;但按照2002年新修订的《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(报批稿)》,Zn的超标率仅为9%.一方面,我国的土壤和儿童普遍缺Zn,另一方面,我国现行的农用污泥污染物控制标准对城市污泥中的Zn控制过于严格,而且也不尽合理,急需对其进一步完善,以合理解决城市污泥的处理处置途径,推动城市污泥的资源化和无害化利用.  相似文献   

13.
采用盆栽试验研究了不同剂量污泥(体积分数,即污泥体积占污泥和沙土总体积的百分比,分别为:0、20%、33.3%、50%和100%)施用于风沙土条件下,污泥剂量对樟子松幼苗生物量及其对重金属的累积和土壤中重金属有效性的影响.结果表明,在养分含量低的风沙土中,施用污泥能够显著提高樟子松幼苗生物量,最适剂量为50%;污泥剂量的增加可促进樟子松植株对重金属的吸收和累积,在最适剂量(50%)条件下,樟子松植株中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn的累积量分别是对照(不施污泥)的18.0、8.9、17.1、11.5倍;樟子松植株重金属吸收速率顺序为:ZnCuPbCd,而迁移系数顺序为:ZnCdCuPb;土壤中有效态重金属含量随污泥剂量的增加而增加,而植株收获后土壤中有效态重金属下降幅度均小于对照.  相似文献   

14.
以深圳市某污水处理厂的污泥为原料,研究了污泥热解过程产生的颗粒物及其中8种重金属的分布规律.结果表明,颗粒物的生成速率分别在400~600℃和1000℃保温30min的两个区间内达到峰值.8种重金属的热挥发性由大到小依次为Cd > Zn > As > Pb > Mn > Ni > Cu > Cr,而其在颗粒物中富集能力大小顺序为Pb > As > Mn > Zn > Cd > Ni > Cr > Cu.颗粒物重金属在热解气中的体积浓度随热解过程呈上升趋势,Zn和Cd则在升温阶段(1000℃以前)达到峰值后开始降低.研究表明,污泥热解颗粒物富集的重金属超标,因而污泥热解尾气颗粒物的去除装置十分必要.  相似文献   

15.
珠江三角洲农业土壤重金属含量特征研究   总被引:41,自引:15,他引:41  
调查研究了珠江三角洲农业土壤中重金属的分布规律,在研究区域采集了212个表层土壤样品,分析了其中8种重金属元素(Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Ni,Cd,As和Hg)的全量与有效态含量。结果表明:在珠江三角洲农业土壤中,8种重金属元素的含量均有超标现象,其中以Zn,Cd和Hg的超标率较高;在所有重金属元素中,Cd的有效态占全量的比率最高,平均为45 58%;而Hg所占的比率最低,平均仅为0 41%。重金属的有效态含量与全量存在正相关关系。交通、污水灌溉、工业污染、垃圾和城市污泥是造成珠江三角洲土壤重金属污染的主要原因。  相似文献   

16.
利用反复冻融的方法对污泥细胞进行破碎,考察处理前后污泥重金属的浸出浓度和形态分布的变化,并通过扫描电镜和红外光谱分析污泥中微生物细胞形貌和有机化合物含量的变化.结果显示,经过细胞破碎处理后,污泥中重金属的浸出浓度增大,锌、镍、铬、镉和铜的浸出浓度比原始污泥分别增加了9.7%、5.1%、25%、9%和50%.不稳定态增加,锌和镍的不稳定态分别增加了20.4%和37.9%,锌、镍、铬和铜的有机态分别减少了4.2%、8.2%、1.2%和5.1%.细胞发生了形貌上的变化,细胞体破碎程度严重.细胞EPS以及污泥中的蛋白质、羧酸、多聚糖等有机基团含量明显减少.细胞破碎后污泥浸出浓度增加的主要原因是污泥中有机态的重金属转化成了其他不稳定态的重金属.  相似文献   

17.
长江经济带工业区土壤重金属污染特征与评价   总被引:9,自引:9,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
张义  周心劝  曾晓敏  冯娇  刘玉荣 《环境科学》2022,43(4):2062-2070
长江经济带是我国经济快速发展区之一,高度密集的工业活动正加剧该区域的环境压力.工业活动是场地土壤重金属污染的重要来源,但长江经济带工业区土壤重金属污染的空间分布及典型行业污染特征仍不清楚.从中国知网和Web of Science等公共数据库获取了长江经济带11个省市193个工业区表层土壤8种重金属(Cd、 Cr、 Cu、 Pb、 Ni、 Hg、 As和Zn)的含量,分析了工业区土壤重金属的整体情况、空间分布和典型行业的污染特征.结果表明,长江经济带工业区农用地重金属污染较工业用地严重,其中58.49%、 39.53%和22.64%的工业区农用地Cd、 Zn和Pb含量超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》(GB 15618-2018)的筛选值;地累积指数(Igeo值)分析结果显示,工业区8种重金属污染程度大小依次为Cd(2.52)>Hg(1.17)>Pb(1.00)>Zn(0.90)>Cu(0.72)>As(0.02)>Cr(-0.40)>Ni(-0.48);经济带不同地区污染情况存在差异,上游和中游工业区以Hg、 ...  相似文献   

18.
为了探明植物处理后污泥作为肥料施用后对后续作物和土壤的影响,将植物处理后的污泥混于土壤,种植后续作物玉米(Zea mays),测定作物产量以及土壤和作物的重金属含量.结果表明,污泥施用2a后仍有肥效,其玉米生物量显著大于无污泥的对照处理,且单种植物处理后的污泥肥效要优于无植物或套种处理的污泥.施用污泥后的2a内,4季玉米的茎叶和籽粒Zn、Cd、Cu和Pb含量均符合饲料标准;但第3季以后玉米籽粒才可作为食用.施用污泥后土壤重金属含量随时间而下降,Zn的年消失率为32%~35%,Cd为28%~33%,Cu为18%~30%,Pb为15%~23%;施用污泥的土壤重金属年下降率高于对照和化肥处理.污泥施用于土壤2a后,表层土壤全Zn和全Pb含量与对照处理已无明显差异.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号