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1.
废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联菌株的驯化和分离   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
在不接种污泥、接种厌氧污泥和接种好氧污泥的条件下,采用鼓泡反应器研究猪场废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联反应器的启动及关键微生物.试验前期(第26 d前),接种污泥反应器的脱氮脱硫率为50%~64%,而不接种污泥反应器的脱氮脱硫率只有11%~14%.到驯化结束时(第56 d),3个反应器的脱氮效率为90%左右,脱硫效率达到70%以上.结果表明,不接种污泥反应器经过一段时间驯化后也可以达到同样的脱氮脱硫效果,只是启动时间比接种污泥的反应器稍长.在反应器启动期间,于不同时段分别进行了微生物种群动态变化检测,结果显示微生物种群数量变化与3个反应器的脱氮脱硫效果变化趋势基本一致.在驯化成功的反应器中,分离筛选出氮硫去除率同时达到60%以上的菌株2株,初步鉴定为脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillus denitrificans)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)细菌.  相似文献   

2.
采用人工模拟无机高氨氮废水(100-130mg/L),以亚硝化絮状污泥和厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥为接种污泥,采用两套相同的膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器系统,分别以同步接种和分步接种方式启动一段式自养脱氮工艺.结果表明,与同步接种反应器相比,分步接种反应器在初期适应性及反应器快速启动时间及脱氮能力方面更具优势.同步接种反应器的活性抑制期运行时间是分步接种反应器的2倍多,TN去除率更低;在活性提高期,分步接种反应器启动时间为40d,比同步接种反应器少8d;与同步接种反应器相比,分步接种反应器可更早进入稳定运行期且脱氮效果更好,NH_4~+-N和TN的去除率最高达到84.1%和68%,高于同步接种反应器的79.1%和65.1%.同时,分步接种反应器TN最大去除负荷为0.49KgN/(m~3·d),比同步接种反应器的0.45KgN/(m~3·d)略高.FISH结果进一步表明,一段式自养脱氮工艺启动成功后,AOB和AnAOB都是系统中的优势菌种,而主要干扰菌群NOB被成功抑制.  相似文献   

3.
硫氮比对废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联功能茵的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
陈子爱  邓良伟  贺莉 《环境科学》2011,32(5):1394-1401
从废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联反应器中分离到了2株同步脱氮除硫功能菌--荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)和铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa).在pH 7.0,温度30℃,无供氧,培养时间2 d的条件下进行了2株功能菌纯培养的同步脱氮除硫效果试验,研究了不同硫氮比对同步脱...  相似文献   

4.
不同种泥的厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动及动力学特征   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
采用2套UBF反应器R1和R~2,R1接种好氧硝化污泥与厌氧氨氧化-反硝化污泥的混合污泥,R~2接种厌氧消化絮状污泥与厌氧氨氧化-反硝化污泥的混合污泥,采用逐渐提高进水亚硝氮和氨氮浓度的方式富集培养ANAMMOX菌.结果表明,R1启动时间短,仅耗时36 d就成功启动了厌氧氨氧化反应器,而R~2则需要53 d; R1和R~2脱氮效果均较好,但R1脱氮效果优于R~2且稳定.在稳定运行阶段,R1氨氮、亚硝氮和总氮去除率分别为99. 92%、96. 64%和81. 87%左右,R~2氨氮、亚硝氮和总氮去除率分别为97. 54%、94. 91%和80. 98%左右.反应器启动成功后,Candidatus Kuenenia属在所检测出的属中丰度位列前六,在R1和R~2中的相对丰度分别为3. 22%和2. 35%;改进的Stover-Kincannon基质去除模型和二级动力学模型对拟稳态阶段R1和R~2的脱氮性能均能进行较好地拟合,经计算,R1的最大基质去除速率Umax稍大于R~2,说明R1的脱氮潜力较大.  相似文献   

5.
采用序批式生物反应器(SBR)培养好氧颗粒污泥处理模拟废水,优化好氧颗粒污泥内部好氧-兼氧-厌氧微环境,在反应器的快速启动、稳定运行阶段分别考察不同优化条件下系统的脱氮除磷性能。提出了优化污泥沉降时间、调控曝气方式等好氧污泥快速颗粒化途径,并研究排泥方式对颗粒污泥反应器稳定性的影响,通过强化脱氮除磷功能菌富集,实现氮磷同步高效去除。  相似文献   

6.
启动炭管膜曝气生物膜反应器实现全程自养脱氮   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
宫正  刘思彤  杨凤林  张捍民  孟军 《环境科学》2008,29(5):1221-1226
启动包裹无纺布的多微孔炭管为膜组件的膜曝气生物膜反应器(MABR),实现基于短程硝化和厌氧氨氧化的完全自养脱氮.首先接种普通硝化污泥启动反应器,在温度35℃, pH为7.9条件下,通过对膜内腔压力的适当控制逐步降低反应器溶解氧浓度,实现亚硝酸盐的积累.然后再次接种厌氧氨氧化污泥,使无纺布上形成好氧氨氧化菌与厌氧氨氧化菌稳定共存的膜曝气生物膜,从而实现全程自养脱氮结果表明,经过120 d连续运行,在膜内压力为0.015MPa,水力停留时间6 h,进水NH 4-N为200 mg/L±10 mg/L条件下, NH 4-N转化率达到88.7%,出水总氮平均为48.65mg/L,总氮去除率达到83.77%.荧光原位杂交(fluorescent in situ hybridization, FISH)分析表明,好氧氨氧化菌(AOB)和厌氧氨氧化菌作为主要功能菌群分别控制着靠近炭管膜/生物膜界面区域和靠近生物膜/液体界面区域.  相似文献   

7.
采用2套UBF反应器R1和R2,R1接种好氧硝化污泥与厌氧氨氧化-反硝化污泥的混合污泥,R2接种厌氧消化絮状污泥与厌氧氨氧化-反硝化污泥的混合污泥,采用逐渐提高进水亚硝氮和氨氮的浓度的方式富集培养ANAMMOX菌。结果表明,R1启动时间短,仅耗时36 d就成功启动了厌氧氨氧化反应器,而R2则需要53 d;R1和R2脱氮效果均较好,但R1脱氮效果优于R2且稳定。在稳定运行阶段,R1氨氮、亚硝氮和总氮去除率分别为99.92%、96.64%和81.87%左右,R2氨氮、亚硝氮和总氮去除率分别为97.54%、94.91%和80.98%左右。反应器启动成功后,Candidatus Kuenenia属在所检测出的属中丰度位列前六,在R1和R2中的相对丰度分别为3.22%和2.35%;改进的Stover-Kincannon基质去除模型和二级动力学模型对拟稳态阶段R1和R2的脱氮性能均能进行较好的拟合,经计算,R1的最大基质去除速率Umax稍大于R2,说明R1的脱氮潜力较大。  相似文献   

8.
接种不同普通污泥的厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动运行研究   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
采用 3套相似的小试UASB系统 ,分别接种普通厌氧颗粒污泥、普通厌氧颗粒污泥与好氧活性污泥的混合污泥以及河底污泥 ,以自配含NH 4 N和NO-2 N的废水为进水 ,分别经过 2 2 5d、2 2 0d和 2 5 0d的启动运行 ,均成功实现了厌氧氨氧化过程 ,氨氮去除率都达到 80 %以上 ,但在各反应器中由厌氧氨氧化过程所去除的氨氮与亚硝酸氮的比例有较大区别  相似文献   

9.
好氧颗粒污泥处理高含盐废水研究   总被引:12,自引:5,他引:12  
试验采用序批式摇床反应器(SSBR)在高含盐废水中利用不同类型接种污泥培养出了好氧颗粒.结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥能够有效处理高含盐废水并且具有很好的抗盐度冲击能力.当废水盐度小于10 g/L NaCl并且进水基质为葡萄糖时,利用好氧颗粒污泥处理该废水可以取得70.3%~97.6%的TOC去除率.当进水盐度达到35 g/L NaCl并且进水基质为难降解Vc废水时,利用好氧颗粒污泥处理该含盐废水能够取得与相同基质相同运行条件下淡水废水中相似的70%的TOC去除率.试验在含盐废水中得到了粒径为0.5~3 mm的好氧颗粒污泥,其沉降速度大大高于淡水对照组中得到的好氧颗粒污泥沉降速度.相对淡水对照组中好氧颗粒污泥,含盐废水中好氧颗粒具有污泥产率更低、污泥活性(OUR)更高、颗粒稳定性更好的优势.从不同接种污泥类型来看,好氧絮状污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥接种都能快速实现污泥好氧颗粒化,但絮状污泥接种实现好氧颗粒化所需的时间更短.另外,在相同运行条件下,接种好氧絮状污泥反应器取得的TOC去除效果优于接种厌氧颗粒污泥反应器,但厌氧颗粒污泥接种具有更强的抗盐度冲击能力.  相似文献   

10.
周正  王凡  林兴  董石语  朱强  李祥  黄勇 《环境科学》2018,39(3):1301-1308
通过好氧区接种亚硝化悬浮填料,厌氧区接种厌氧氨氧化絮状污泥和普通厌氧污泥研究了中试规模下一体式部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动与区域特性.结果表明,历时74 d成功启动中试一体式PN-ANAMMOX反应器,整体氮去除速率由0.02 kg·(m3·d)-1上升至0.48 kg·(m3·d)-1左右,可达到快速启动的效果,接种ANAMMOX污泥的比例与活性是实现PN-ANAMMOX反应器快速启动的关键因素;对两区域氮素转化特性分析表明,好氧区中AOB一直处于优势地位,NOB受到DO和基质的双重抑制,亚硝化效果稳定,NPRa由0.22 kg·(m3·d)-1上升到0.58 kg·(m3·d)-1左右,NAPa随着厌氧区脱氮能力的提升可达95%以上;厌氧区为一体式PN-ANAMMOX反应器的关键性区域,NRRana由0.02 kg·(m3·d)-1上升至4.7 kg·(m3·d)-1左右,期间中常温(温度由32℃下降至27℃)的变化首先对厌氧区产生影响,NRRana下降至3.7kg·(m3·d)-1左右,降低约21%,而对好氧区影响不大;在长时间运行下,两区域均可实现大量ANAMMOX菌的富集,此时好氧区也具有一定的脱氮能力,厌氧区则起强化脱氮的作用.  相似文献   

11.
活化赤泥吸附除磷及其机理的研究   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10  
以铝矿工业赤泥为原材料,采用酸活化、焙烧活化、热酸活化方法进行活化处理,得到除磷吸附剂,考察了pH值、反应时间和磷初始浓度等因素对除磷吸附剂吸附效果的影响.结果表明,活化赤泥具有较好的除磷能力,酸活化赤泥和焙烧活化赤泥对磷的饱和吸附量分别为155.2、144.2 mg·g-1.热酸活化赤泥除磷能力更强,其对磷的饱和吸附量可达202.9 mg·g~,经过热酸活化后的赤泥即使在pH值波动较大时也能很好处理高浓度含磷废水.溶液pH显著影响磷去除效果,在pH为7时得到最大去除量.  相似文献   

12.
Chromium and/or arsenate removal by Fe(II) as a function of pH, Fe(II) dosage and initial Cr(VI)/As(V) ratio were examined in batch tests. The presence of arsenate reduced the removal e ciency of chromium by Fe(II), while the presence of chromate significantly increased the removal e ciency of arsenate by Fe(II) at pH 6–8. In the absence of arsenate, chromium removal by Fe(II) increased to a maximum with increasing pH from 4 to 7 and then decreased with a further increase in pH. The increment in Fe(II) dosage resulted in an improvement in chromium removal and the improvement was more remarkable under alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions. Chromium removal by Fe(II) was reduced to a larger extent under neutral and alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions due to the presence of 10 mol/L arsenate. The presence of 20 mol/L arsenate slightly improved chromium removal by Fe(II) at pH 3.9–5.8, but had detrimental e ects at pH 6.7–9.8. Arsenate removal was improved significantly at pH 4–9 due to the presence of 10 mol/L chromate at Fe(II) dosages of 20–60 mol/L. Elevating the chromate concentration from 10 to 20 mol/L resulted in a further improvement in arsenate removal at pH 4.0–4.6 when Fe(II) was dosed at 30–60 mol/L.  相似文献   

13.
生物表面活性剂皂角苷增效去除土壤中重金属的研究   总被引:16,自引:3,他引:13       下载免费PDF全文
研究了生物表面活性剂皂角苷对土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的去除作用,并考察了皂角苷淋洗液pH值、浓度等对重金属去除率的影响.结果表明,增加皂角苷浓度和降低溶液pH值均有利于重金属的去除.当皂角苷浓度为50g·L-1、pH值为5.2时,土壤中Cd、Cu、Zn和Pb的去除率分别可达45.6%、24.4%、19.0%和17.6%.根据皂角苷处理前后土壤中重金属形态的分析结果可知,皂角苷对土壤中不同形态重金属的去除能力存在差异,其中,以离子交换态和碳酸盐结合态金属的去除效果最为明显.红外光谱测试结果表明,皂角苷与金属离子反应形成了配位化合物,并以离子交换平衡法测定了配位稳定常数及配位物质的量比.皂角苷与各金属离子配位稳定常数K的大小顺序依次为:Cu2+Zn2+Cd2+Pb2+,lgK值在3.91~6.60之间.除Cu与皂角苷是以1:2(物质的量比)络合外,其他3种金属均与皂角苷生成1:1的络合物.此外,土壤中Cd的去除量与其他重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb)的去除量间呈良好的线性关系.金属离子可能是通过直接与皂角苷形成可溶性络合物或者通过与其他金属的架桥作用而被转移到皂角苷溶液相中,从而实现从土壤中去除.  相似文献   

14.
SRV菌去除电镀废水中铜的研究   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15       下载免费PDF全文
 为探索新的铜废水处理方法,更有效地治理铜废水造成的环境污染,用微生物及电镜法对SRV菌去除电镀废水中铜进行了研究。研究了菌量、铜离子浓度、溶液的pH值、作用的温度和时间等因素对SRV菌去除溶液中铜离子的影响。在菌废比1:1的情况下,对铜浓度为246.8mg/L的废水去除率达99.12%。观察了SRV菌处理铜废水前、后的扫描电镜、超薄切片透射电镜,推测其去除机制为铜与SRV菌代谢产物反应生成沉淀或直接被吸附于菌体表面而去除。  相似文献   

15.
In this study, landfill leachate with and without pre-treatment was co-treated with municipal wastewater at different mixing ratios. The leachate pre-treatment was achieved by air stripping to removal ammonia. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of landfill leachate on nutrient removal of the wastewater treatment process. It was demonstrated that when landfill leachate was co-treated with municipal wastewater, the high ammonia concentration in the leachate did not have a negative impact on the nitrification. The system was able to adapt to the environment and was able to improve nitrification capacity. The readily biodegradable portion of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the leachate was utilized by the system to improve phosphorus and nitrate removal. However, this portion was small and majority of the COD ended up in the effluent thereby decreased the quality of the effluent. The study showed that the 2.5% mixing ratio of leachate with wastewater improved the overall biological nutrient removal process of the system without compromising the COD removal efficiency.  相似文献   

16.
Anaerobic ammonia oxidation(Anammox) process is a novel and promising wastewater nitrogen removal process. The feasibility of transition of Anammox from denitrification and the performance of lab-scale Anammox biofilm reactor were investigated with sludge dewatering effluent. The results showed that Anammox process could be successfully started up after cultivation of denitrification biofilm and using it as inoculum. The transition of Anammox from denitrification was accomplished within 85 d. Anammox process was found suitable to remove ammonia from sludge dewatering effluent. The effluent ammonia concentration was detected to be 23.11 mgN/L at HRT of 28 h when influent ammonia concentration was fed 245 mgN/L, which was less than that for the national discharge standard Ⅱ (25 rngN/L) of China. Volumetric total nitrogen loading rate was up to 584.99 mg TN/(L. d) at HRT of 17 h, while influent concentrations were kept 243.25 mg NH4* -N/L and 288.31 mg NO2^- -N/L.  相似文献   

17.
Introduction The presence of nitrogenous substance has attracted attention because of the role of nitrogen in eutrophication of receiving waters. Denitrification is the ability of bacteria to use nitrogen oxides (NO3- and NO2-) as electron acceptors produ…  相似文献   

18.
The direct contact membrane distillation applied for fluoride removal from brackish groundwater was investigated.The self-prepared polyvinylidene fluoride membrane exhibited high rejection of inorganic salt solutes.The maximum permeate flux 35.6 kg/(m2 ·hr) was obtained with the feed solution at 80°C and the cold distillate water at 20°C.The feed concentration had no significant impact on the permeate flux and the rejection in fluoride.The precipitation of CaCO3 would clog the hollow fiber inlets and foul the membrane surface with increasing concentration factor when natural groundwater was used directly as the feed,which resulted in a rapid decline in the module efficiency.This phenomenon was diminished by acidification of the feed.The experimental results showed that the permeate flux and the quality of obtained distillate kept stable before concentration factor reached 5.0 with the acidified groundwater as feed.The membrane module efficiency began to decline gradually when the feed continued to be concentrated,which can be mainly attributed to the formation of CaF2 deposits on the membrane surface.In addition,a 300 hr continuous fluoride removal experiment of acidified groundwater was carried out with concentration factor at 4.0,the permeate flux kept stable and the permeate fluoride was not detected.  相似文献   

19.
白云石石灰流化结晶污水除磷工艺   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
实验研究了白云石石灰流化床工艺除磷的可行性.石灰一方面可以提高水体的pH值并提供充足的Ca2+、Mg2+,另一方面可作为晶种加快结晶沉淀反应,提高磷去除效率,是一种廉价高效的药剂.设计了新型气体搅动式白云石石灰流化床结晶反应器,以模拟污水厂污泥厌氧消化上清液为处理对象,实验考察了药剂投加量、停留时间和曝气量对反应器运行的影响.结果表明:药剂投加量在600~650 mg·L-1、停留时间5.0 h及曝气量50 mL·min-1的条件下,可以获得较好的磷去除效果,去除率可达87.0%.采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱对产物进行了表征,发现磷主要以磷酸铵镁(MAP)和羟基磷灰石(HAP)两种形式去除;由于反应体系碱度较高,产物中混杂大量CaCO3.  相似文献   

20.
A system combining granular activated carbon and powdered activated carbon technologies along with shortcut biological nitrogen removal (GAC-PACT-SBNR) was developed to enhance total nitrogen (TN) removal for anaerobically treated coal gasification wastewater with less need for external carbon resources. The TN removal efficiency in SBNR was significantly improved by introducing the effluent from the GAC process into SBNR during the anoxic stage, with removal percentage increasing from 43.8%49.6% to 68.8%-75.8%. However, the TN removal rate decreased with the progressive deterioration of GAC adsorption. After adding activated sludge to the GAG compartment, the granular carbon had a longer service-life and the demand for external carbon resources became lower. Eventually, the TN removal rate in SBNR was almost constant at approx. 43.3%, as compared to approx. 20.0% before seeding with sludge. In addition, the production of some alkalinity during the denitrification resulted in a net savings in alkalinity requirements for the nitrification reaction and refractory chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation by autotrophic bacteria in SBNR under oxic conditions. PACT showed excellent resilience to increasing organic loadings. The microbial community analysis revealed that the PACT had a greater variety of bacterial taxons and the dominant species associated with the three compartments were in good agreement with the removal of typical pollutants. The study demonstrated that pre-adsorption by the GAC-sludge process could be a technically and economically feasible method to enhance TN removal in coal gasification wastewater (CGW).  相似文献   

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