花生壳、核桃壳吸附活性艳蓝动力学、热力学研究

以花生壳和核桃壳为原料,制备了两种吸附剂。从动力学和热力学角度探讨了对活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附机理,并与活性炭进行对比。结果表明,两种吸附剂对KN-R的吸附动力学行为均符合拟二级动力学方程(R2>0.99)。吸附量随KN-R初始浓度的增加而增加,吸附过程既符合Freundlich方程又符合Langmuir方程。吸附过程中吉布斯自由能变化成负值,说明吸附过程是自发进行的。     

活性炭纤维电极电吸附除盐机理研究

采用自制电吸附除盐装置,在不同操作电压、不同进水浓度条件下,对一定体积的氯化钠溶液进行循环处理,通过吸附过程中的吸附等温线和动力学方程探究了活性炭纤维电极电吸附除盐机理。结果表明:活性炭纤维电极电吸附过程符合Freundlich吸附等温线,电压越大,电极吸附能力越强;而Lagergren准二级动力学方程拟合结果表明,电压越大,极板吸附速率越快;Weber-Morris方程表明,内扩散是影响电吸附速率的主要因素。     

环丙沙星在潮土中的吸附特性

为了探明环丙沙星在潮土中的吸附特性,采用静态吸附试验,研究了环丙沙星在潮土中的吸附动力学、等温吸附特性以及pH值对其吸附过程的影响.结果表明,环丙沙星在潮土中的吸附过程可分为快速吸附和慢速平衡2个阶段.整个吸附过程符合二级反应动力学方程,吸附常数为1.138×10-3～2.849×10-2kg.(min.mg)-1.环丙沙星的吸附等温线能够较好地符合Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程,其中Freundlich方程的拟合效果更佳,吸附容量(lgKf)为2.725.研究发现,在pH值为4～9条件下,环丙沙星的吸附参数对数值lgKd呈随pH的增加先增加后降低的趋势,当pH值为5时,潮土对环丙沙星的吸附效果最好,lgKd为3.11,强酸性和碱性条件均不利于潮土对环丙沙星的吸附.由此推断阳离子吸附可能是潮土对环丙沙星吸附的重要机制之一.     

锌、镉在紫色土中的竞争吸附

研究了3种紫色土及2种黏土矿物对Zn、Cd的吸附特点.结果表明,中性紫色土中Zn、Cd的吸附特点相似,等温吸附符合Langmuir方程,最大吸附量分别为147.9,104.7 mg/kg其吸附动力学过程先快后慢,符合一级动力学方程与Elovich方程,快速吸附段的吸附量与易解吸量相近,且符合一级动力学方程,为交换吸附;慢速吸附段的吸附量与难解吸量相近,且满足Elovich方程,可能属于深层吸附或专性吸附,3种紫色土及2种黏土矿物对Zn、Cd的吸附量及其土壤理化性质的相关分析表明,CEC与最大吸附量显著相关,表明紫色土对Zn、Cd的吸附机理为交换吸附所控制.Zn、Cd共存时吸附速度与吸附量降低,表明二者对吸附位的竞争,竞争吸附服从质量作用定律,高浓度者占优,高浓度Zn对Cd的吸附有明显抑制,完善的土壤重金属阈限指标应包含复合污染的考虑.     

磷酸法活化银杏叶活性炭对DBP的吸附性能研究

以银杏树叶为原料,使用磷酸活化法制备粉末活性炭,采用银杏叶粉末活性炭作为吸附剂,研究了其对DBP的吸附性能。研究考察了温度、吸附时间、pH对DBP吸附性能的影响,同时拟合了吸附等温线,探讨了热力学和动力学性质。结果表明温度、吸附时间、pH对吸附效果均有影响,吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,吸附过程是自发的,二级动力学方程更好地描述吸附动力学规律。     

磷酸法活化银杏叶活性炭对DBP的吸附性能研究

以银杏树叶为原料,使用磷酸活化法制备粉末活性炭,采用银杏叶粉末活性炭作为吸附剂,研究了其对DBP的吸附性能.研究考察了温度、吸附时间、pH对DBP吸附性能的影响,同时拟合了吸附等温线,探讨了热力学和动力学性质.结果表明温度、吸附时间、pH对吸附效果均有影响,吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,吸附过程是自发的,二级动力学方程更好地描述吸附动力学规律.     

新型颗粒粉煤灰净水剂对六价铬的吸附

采用自制颗粒粉煤灰净水剂,研究其对水溶液中的六价铬离子的吸附性能和影响因素,探讨了该净水剂对六价铬的吸附机理。研究表明:颗粒粉煤灰能有效吸附水溶液中的六价铬离子;影响吸附效果的因素重要性顺序为:pH>净水剂投加量>振荡时间>温度;该净水剂对六价铬吸附与Langmuir吸附等温方程和Freundlich吸附等温方程均很吻合,属于单分子层吸附;液膜扩散起主要作用,吸附过程符合二级动力学方程。     

D113大孔树脂吸附Ni~(2+)的动力学与热力学研究

研究了D113大孔树脂吸附Ni2+的动力学与热力学的特性。动力学研究表明,在298K温度下,D113大孔树脂对Ni2+的吸附符合拟一级动力学方程和拟二级动力学方程,颗粒扩散过程为吸附的控速步骤。热力学研究表明,在实验温度下,D113大孔树脂对Ni2+的吸附符合Langmuir等温方程,吸附焓变ΔHθ=15.1306kJ/mol,熵变ΔSθ=0.1002kJ/mol.K,反应吉布斯自由能ΔGθ随温度升高向负方向增加。热力学参数表明吸附过程为吸热和自发的。     

HNO_3改性活性炭对染料橙黄G的吸附研究

利用HNO_3改性后的活性炭为吸附材料,对染料橙黄G废水进行吸附处理。研究了活性炭投加量、反应时间和盐浓度对活性炭吸附橙黄G的影响,并研究了该吸附过程的吸附等温线和吸附动力学。结果显示:0~10 min是染料的快速吸附阶段,当活性炭投加量达到2.5 g/L时,40 min时橙黄G的去除率达到95.5%;高浓度盐类存在对吸附影响不明显。吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,吸附数据可用伪二级吸附动力学方程拟合。     

柚子皮吸附水溶液中亚甲基蓝的机理研究

为研究柚子皮吸附水溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附性能和吸附机理,试验考察了不同条件（如pH,生物材料粒径,染料浓度,吸附时间和温度等）对其吸附效果的影响. 结果显示:染料溶液在弱酸或碱性条件下有利于亚甲基蓝被该生物材料吸附;其粒径对吸附效果影响不大;在30 ℃的条件下,对亚甲基蓝的吸附在1 h左右达到平衡且符合二级动力学方程;在30 ℃及pH为8时的最大吸附量为169.49 mg/g,符合Langmuir方程;该吸附过程为放热反应,最大吸附量随温度的升高而减少. 表明柚子皮吸附亚甲基蓝的过程是以物理吸附为主,可作为染料废水处理材料.      

阴离子交换树脂对水杨酸的吸附与解吸性能

研究了714阴离子交换树脂对水中水杨酸的吸附与解吸性能,探讨了吸附的热力学和动力学特性.结果表明,树脂在pH=4～12时,吸附能力最好.等温吸附遵循Freundlich和Langmuir吸附平衡模型,为优惠吸附过程.在298～318K条件下,水杨酸吸附量为100～120mg/g的吸附焓变为-23.4-21.6kJ/mo...     

Effects of the surface chemistry of macroreticular adsorbents on the adsorption of 1-naphthol/1-naphthylamine mixtures from water

The adsorption behaviors of 1-naphthol, 1-naphthylamine and l-naphthol/l-naphthylamine mixtures in water over two macroreticular adsorbents were investigated in single or binary batch systems at 293 K, 303 K and 313 K respectively. All the adsorption isotherms in the studied systems can be adequately fitted by Langmuir model. In the case of aminated macroreticular adsorbent NDA103, 1-naphthol is adsorbed to a larger extent than 1-naphthylamine; while, the opposite trend is found for nonpolar macroreticular adsorbent NDA100. It is noteworthy that at higher temperature（303 K and 313 K）, the total uptake amounts of 1-naphthol and 1-naphthylamine in all binary-component systems are obvious larger than the pure uptake amounts in single-component systems, which is presumably due to the cooperative effect primarily arisen from the hydrogen-bonding interaction between the loaded 1-naphthol and 1-naphthylamine molecules. The simultaneous adsorption systems were confirmed to be helpful to the selective adsorption towards 1-naphthol according to the larger selective index.     

Competitive and cooperative adsorption behaviors of phenol and aniline onto nonpolar macroreticular adsorbents

The adsorption behaviors of phenol and aniline on nonpolar macroreticular adsorbents(NDA100 and Amberlite XAD4) were investigated in single or binary batch system at 293K and 313K respectively in this study. The results indicated that the adsorption isotherms of phenol and aniline on both adsorbents in both systems fitted well Langmuir equation, which indicated a favourable and exothermic process. At the lower equilibrium concentrations, the individual amount adsorbed of phenol or aniline on macroreticular adsorbents in single-component systems was higher than those in binary-component systems because of the competition between phenol and aniline towards the adsorption sites. It is noteworthy, on the contrast, that at higher concentrations, the total uptake amounts of phenol and aniline in binary-component systems were obviously larger than that in single-component systems, and a large excess was noted on the adsorbent surface at saturation, which is presumably due to the cooperative effect primarily arisen from the hydrogen bonding or weak acidbase interaction between phenol and aniline.     

大孔树脂对邻苯二甲酸的吸附研究

研究了XDA-200大孔树脂对水溶液中邻苯二甲酸的吸附。结果表明XDA-200树脂对水溶液中的邻苯二甲酸吸附速度很快，30min内基本达到平衡，其后达到完全平衡的吸附进程非常缓慢。树脂对邻苯二甲酸的吸附量随质量浓度增加而增加。pH值降低，有利于邻苯二甲酸在溶液中以分子态存在，易于树脂吸附。邻苯二甲酸的吸附均满足Freundlich和Langmiur等温吸附方程。泄漏点与进水浓度和流速均有很大关系。     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

甲萘酚和甲萘胺在超高交联吸附树脂上的协同吸附行为

研究了水溶液中甲萘酚和甲萘胺在超高交联吸附树脂NDA103、NDA100上的协同吸附行为.实验结果表明,在较高平衡浓度范围内该吸附树脂对双组分水溶液中甲萘酚和甲萘胺双组分(摩尔比分别为3∶1、1∶1、1∶3)的吸附总量大于相同平衡浓度下对单组分水溶液中甲萘酚和甲萘胺的吸附量,呈现协同吸附现象,其主导机制是2种吸附质分子之间的氢键作用.单组分甲萘酚或甲萘胺水溶液和双组分共存水溶液中吸附质分子在吸附树脂上的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir模型.吸附温度由293K升至313K时,甲萘酚和甲萘胺在NDA103上的协同吸附效应的变化明显大于NDA100.NDA103树脂结构上的胺基既加强了对甲萘酚的吸附亲和力又增加了甲萘酚的协同吸附系数.     

Adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid onto hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents

Both bottle-point and column-feeding experiments involving different solutes and sorbents were carried out to investigate the adsorption selectivity and separation performance of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid. Their adsorption isotherms onto such hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents as NDA-100 and NDA-99 could be well described by the Freundlich equations whose characteristics describe extrathermic and favorable adsorption processes. The adsorption towards NDA-100 mainly depended on the π-π interaction, while that towards NDA-99 was extremely influenced by the static-electric interaction. Additionally, the adsorptive capacity of salicylic acid on NDA-99 decreased while it increased on NDA-100 with the presence of 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the adsorptive environment as the competitive component. Comparatively, the adsorption capacity of 5-sulfosalicylic acid decreased on both resins with salicylic acid as the competitive component. In fact, the difference in the interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate resulted in the straight antagonism on the effective adsorption sites on the adsorbent. In conclusion, the adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid onto NDA-100 was obviously larger than that onto NDA-99 with the existence of 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the adsorptive environment. A satisfactory separation and recovery of tested solutes in aqueous phase could be foreseeably achieved by the sequencing adsorption technique involving NDA-100 as well as NDA-99. Translated from Environmental Pollution & Control, 2005, 27(8): 570–574 [译自: 环境污染与防治]     

吸附树脂对苯甲酸的吸附动力学研究

对比超高交联吸附树脂NJ 8与AmberliteXAD 4对苯甲酸的静态吸附动力学性质 ,并深入讨论温度和起始浓度对平衡时间和吸附速率的影响。NJ 8和XAD 4两种树脂在吸附苯甲酸的过程中 ,膜扩散和颗粒内扩散均为主控步骤 ,但是前者颗粒内扩散占据优势 ,而后者膜扩散占据优势     

D301树脂对水中氟虫腈的吸附去除研究

文章研究D301树脂对水溶液中氟虫腈的吸附行为,考察了吸附剂投加量和溶液pH值对吸附效果的影响,对吸附等温线和吸附动力学进行了探讨,并选择不同模型对吸附曲线进行拟合。结果表明,当氟虫腈溶液初始浓度为2 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为0.5 g/L时,氟虫腈的去除率达到100%;溶液pH值在3⁹范围内变化时,对吸附的影响较小,相对而言pH=7的吸附效果最好;D301树脂对氟虫腈的吸附等温线满足Langmuir吸附等温式和Freundlich吸附等温式,相关系数R2分别为0.994和0.991;吸附动力学符合Lagergren一级反应方程。总体来说,D301树脂对氟虫腈的吸附效果较好。     

Adsorption thermodynamics and kinetic investigation of aromatic amphoteric compounds onto different polymeric adsorbents

The adsorption behavior of p-aminobenzoic acid and o-aminobenzoic acid onto the different polymeric adsorbents was systematically investigated as a function of the solution concentration and temperature.Experimental results indicated that the equilibrium adsorption data of the four polymeric adsorbents fitted well in the Freundlich isotherm.The adsorption capacity of multi-functional polymeric adsorbent NJ-99 was the highest,which might be attributed to the strong hydrogen-bonding interaction between the amino groups on the resin and the carboxyl group of aminobenzoic acid.The adsorption capacity of o-aminobenzoic acid onto any adsorbent was higher than p-aminobenzoic acid.Thermodynamic studies suggested the exothermic,spontaneous physical adsorption process.Adsorption kinetics results showed that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the intraparticle mass transfer process was the rate-controlling step.