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1.
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X70少9702313粉煤灰处理废水机理及应用/张建平…(华北电力大学)//粉煤灰综合利用/河北省硅酸盐学会一1996,(4)一33~35环信X一133 粉煤灰吸附作用包括物理吸附和化学吸附。物理吸附:粉煤灰与吸附质间通过分子间引力产生吸附,并受粉煤灰的多孔性及比表面积决定。其吸附特征是吸附时粉煤灰颗粒表面能降低,放热,在低温下可自发进行。化学吸附:粉煤灰存在大量Al、Si等活性点,能与吸附质通过化学链发生结合。其特点是选择性强,通常为不可逆。讨论了粉煤灰吸附等温线及吸附动力学。分析了温度、粒度、pH值、吸附质的性质等因素对粉煤灰吸附性能…  相似文献   

2.
微波活化-化学改性方法可有效改善粉煤灰的表面结构及化学性质,提高粉煤灰吸附混凝腐殖酸的效果。本文采用微波活化-化学改性方法对粉煤灰进行处理,并通过试验研究了改性粉煤灰处理废水中腐殖酸的效果及其作用机理。试验结果表明:微波活化粉煤灰处理腐殖酸的效果优于原粉煤灰,先微波活化后化学改性粉煤灰处理腐殖酸的效果优于先化学改性后微波活化粉煤灰;在最佳处理工艺条件下,先微波活化后盐酸最优改性的粉煤灰处理腐殖酸废水时腐殖酸的去除率可达91.34%,而先微波活化后氢氧化钙最优改性的粉煤灰处理腐殖酸废水时腐殖酸的去除率更高,可达98.28%。  相似文献   

3.
粉煤灰处理Cr~(6+)废水的试验研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用电厂粉煤灰进行了处理含铬(VI)废水试验,探讨了粉煤灰投加量、pH值、接触时间、温度和含铬浓度等因素对除铬效果的影响。结果表明,在废水pH=10左右、Cr6+浓度<100mg/L,粉煤灰的用量140g/L时,在常温下吸附处理2h,对铬的去除率可达到72%以上。粉煤灰吸附处理含铬废水符合Freundlich等温式,以物理吸附为主。对于低浓度含铬(VI)的废水,处理后可达标排放。  相似文献   

4.
酸改性粉煤灰处理焦化废水的工艺研究   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21  
研究了粉煤灰与少量的硫酸烧渣和适量的固体NaCl混合 ,将混合物在加热条件下用稀硫酸处理 ,制得集物理吸附和化学混凝为一体的混凝剂。这种混凝剂与无机高分子絮凝剂PSA配合用于焦化废水的处理 ,SS、CODCr、色度和酚的去除率分别为 95 %、86 %、96 %和 92 %。混凝沉降速度快 ,污泥体积小 ,处理费用低 ,结合显微照片探讨了酸浸粉煤灰混凝剂对含酚废水的混凝沉降机理  相似文献   

5.
粉煤灰陶粒去除水中Cr6+的实验研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
粉煤灰陶粒比表面积大,化学稳定性好,具有良好吸附性能,是一种廉价的吸附剂。进行了用含钡粉煤灰陶粒处理含铬废水试验,探讨废水酸度、接触时间、陶粒用量、含铬浓度、温度等因素对除铬效果的影响。结果表明,在废水pH=5.5,按铬与含钡陶粒重量比为1/100投加含钡陶粒进行处理,可使Cr6 去除率达到99%以上,出水符合国家排放标准。  相似文献   

6.
活性炭吸附法处理含铬电镀废水探讨   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
黄巍 《环境科技》2001,14(3):18-19
1 前 言在电镀生产中 ,尤其是在镀铬及各种铬酸钝化处理时 ,产生大量的含铬废水。对重金属废水的处理 ,只能是转移金属存在的位置或转变其物理和化学形态 ,采用活性炭吸附法处理含铬电镀废水。当含铬废水pH值控制在 3~ 4 .5之间时 ,利用活性炭具有的物理吸附 ,化学吸附、化学还原等特性 ,能有效地吸附废水中的六价铬 ,使含铬电镀废水得到净化。2 工艺流程工艺流程主要包括活性炭预处理 (对新炭 ) ,废水过滤Cr6+ 被吸附净化 ,以及活性炭再生处理等三个部分。2 .1 活性炭及废水预处理预处理工艺包括活性炭和废水两个因素 ,其目的是提…  相似文献   

7.
粉煤灰在废水处理中的应用   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
粉煤灰作为一种可再资源化的工业固体废弃物日益引起关注。粉煤灰处理废水的机理主要是吸附作用,影响粉煤灰吸附性能的主要因素有温度、粉煤灰粒度、pH值、吸附质性质、灰水比,粉煤灰处理生活污水、城市废水、印染废水、重金属废水、含氟、磷、有机质废水、造纸废水等应用前景广阔。  相似文献   

8.
粉煤灰处理含铬废水的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
粉煤灰具有多孔松散、比表面积大、吸附能力强等特性,在废水处理上的应用引起了广泛关注。粉煤灰处理含铬废水是其中的热点之一,阐述了粉煤灰处理含铬废水的机理,并在参阅大量研究文献的基础上,对粉煤灰处理含铬废水的研究进展进行了系统的论述。  相似文献   

9.
玉米芯改性方法的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
阐述了玉米芯的物理改性方法和化学改性方法.天然玉米芯可吸附废水中的重金属离子,对其进行改性处理后,玉米芯对重金属离子的吸附能力可得到明显提高.  相似文献   

10.
粉煤灰吸附性能的研究   总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28       下载免费PDF全文
对粉煤灰在印染废水中的吸附性能进行了初步研究,并与活性炭的吸附性能作了比较,实验表明,粉煤灰的吸附能力为活性炭的75%以上,成型处理对其吸附性能影响不大。粉煤灰吸附性能受pH及温度的影响;低温、碱性条件下,有利于粉煤灰对印染废水的吸附。  相似文献   

11.
Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.  相似文献   

12.
Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone (BP 1,6- quinone), trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP 7,8-diol), 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBP), were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that (1) the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; (2) the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; (3) the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% (w/v), concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.  相似文献   

13.
Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity (both in gene richness and diversity index values) and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor (50 mg/kg) recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos (150 mg/kg) caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes (bands) responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals: four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.  相似文献   

14.
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.  相似文献   

15.
Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury (HgT), combinative mercury (Hgc) and gaseous mercury (HgG), and content of total organic carbon (TOC), but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of (HgG,/HgT)1992〉(HgG/HgT)1996〉〉(HgG/HgT)2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn: with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants (e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum) are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.  相似文献   

16.
Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.  相似文献   

17.
Bottled water may not be safer, or healthier, than tap water. The present studies have proved that styrene and some other aromatic compounds leach continuously from polystyrene (PS) bottles used locally for packaging. Water sapmles in contact with PS were extracted by a preconcentration technique called as "purge and trap" and analysed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Eleven aromatic compounds were identified in these studies. Maximum concentration of styrene in PS bottles was 29.5 μg/L. Apart from styrene, ethyl benzene, toluene and benzene were also quantified but their concentrations were much less than WHO guide line values. All other compounds were in traces. Quality of plastic and storage time were the major factor in leaching of styrene. Concentration of styrene was increased to 69.53 μg/L after one-year storage. In Styrofoam and PS cups studies, hot water was found to be contaminated with styrene and other aromatic compounds. It was observed that temperature played a major role in the leaching of styrene monomer from Styrofoam cups. Paper cups were found to be safe for hot drinks.  相似文献   

18.
Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels (behavior, sublethal, lethal). In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints (acute, chronic, behavioral). Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In the present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides.  相似文献   

19.
Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.  相似文献   

20.
The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol (PCP) oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration (CMC). Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.  相似文献   

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