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1.
The trophic status assessment of lakes in different lake regions may provide important and fundamental information for lake trophic state classification and eutrophication control. In this study, a region-specific lake eutrophication assessment standard was established through a frequency distribution method based on chlorophyll-a concentration. The assessment standards under the oligotrophic state for lakes in the Eastern plain, Yungui Plateau, Northeast Plain and Mountain Mongolia-Xinjiang regions are total phosphorus of 0.068, 0.005, 0.011, 0.005 mg/L; total nitrogen of 1.00, 0.16, 0.37, 0.60 mg/L; Secchi depth of 0.60, 8.00, 1.55, 3.00 m; and CODMn of 2.24, 1.00, 5.1 l, 4.00 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, a region-specific comprehensive trophic level index was developed to provide an understandable assessment method for the public. The results indicated that the frequency distribution analysis based on chlorophyll-a combined with trophic level index provided a useful metric for the assessment of the lake trophic status. In addition, the difference of eutrophication assessment standards in different lake regions was analyzed, which suggested that the sensitivities of algae to nutrients and the assessment standard of trophic status possessed significant regional differences for the four lake ecoregions. Lake eutrophication assessment standards would contribute to maximizing the effectiveness of future management strategies, to control and minimize lake eutrophication problems.  相似文献   

2.
Lakes are an important component of terrestrial carbon cycling. As the trend of eutrophication in many lakes continues, the mechanisms of organic carbon(OC) burial remain unclear. This paper aims to understand the distribution of OC and the effect of trophic level changes on OC burial in Chaohu Lake, a shallow eutrophic lake located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, SE China. Two hundred and one surface sediment samples(0–20 cm) and 53 subsurface samples(150–200 cm) from the lake were collected.The OC accumulation rates(OCARs) are relatively low, with an average of 10.01 g/m2/year in the surface sediments. The spatial distribution of the OCARs is similar to that of allochthonous OC. The difference in total phosphate(TP) content between the surface and subsurface sediments(ΔTP) is significantly correlated with the autochthonous OC,suggesting that TP loading is a critical limiting nutrient for the lake's primary productivity.It is concluded that allochthonous OC is the dominant source of total OC in surface sediments compared to autochthonous OC. The primary productivity of Lake Chaohu increased due to increasing nutrient loading. However, the autochthonous OC contributed11% of the total OC in the surface sediments. This could be ascribed to strong mineralization in the water column or surface sediments.  相似文献   

3.
Spatial distribution patterns of total mercury (THg) in 36 surficial sediment samples representing five regions of Lake Taihu were assessed using the ArcGis geostatistical analyst module. The pollution levels of THg were also evaluated from the same five lake regions. Concentrations of THg were in a ranged of 23-168 ng/g (mean 55 ng/g) in surfical sediments, which was significantly higher than those established baseline levels of the lake. Results of THg indicated that the northern region exhibited notably higher values, the bay regions showed elevated values relative to open areas, and the lakeside regions were higher than those observed in the central area. Lake Taihu suffered moderate to high Hg pollution, and expressed clear Hg enrichment status according to monomial pollution index I geo and human activity factors. The concentrations of THg in the surficial sediments of Lake Taihu showed moderate-strong variation (coefficient of variation 52%). Geostatistical analysis indicated a weak spatial self-correlation, suggesting the contamination of Hg in Lake Taihu is primarily the result of anthropogenic activities.  相似文献   

4.
Sediments from four lakes in the mid-low reaches of the Yangtze River, Taibai Lake, Longgan Lake, Chaohu Lake and Xijiu Lake, were chosen to evaluate their enrichment state and history. The state of heavy metal enrichment was at a low level in the sediment of Taibai Lake and Longgan Lake. The enrichment state of Co, Cr and Ni was also low in the sediment of Chaohu Lake and Xijiu Lake, while Cu, Pb and Zn enrichment reached a higher level. Mass accumulation fluxes were calculated to quantitatively evaluate the anthropogenic contribution to heavy metals in the sediment. The anthropogenic accumulation fluxes were lower in the sediment of Taibai Lake and Longgan Lake compared with the other two lakes, where heavy metals, especially Cu, Pb and Zn, were mainly from anthropogenic sources. Heavy metal accumulation did not vary greatly in the sediment of Taibai Lake and Longgan Lake, while that in Chaohu Lake and Xijiu Lake increased since the 1950s and substantially increased since the 1980s, although a decrease occurred since 2000 AD in Xijiu Lake. Heavy metal enrichment was strongly related to human activities in the catchment. The development of urbanization and industrialization was much more rapid in the catchments of Chaohu Lake and Xijiu Lake than of the other two lakes, and thus large amounts of anthropogenically sourced heavy metals were discharged into the lakes, which resulted in a higher contamination risk. However, human activities in the Longgan Lake and Taibai Lake catchments mainly involved agriculture, which contributed a relatively small portion of heavy metals to the lakes.  相似文献   

5.
Eleven surface sediment samples, from Hangzhou section of Qiantang River and Jinghang Canal, west Lake the inland river were collected to investigate 17 polycycUc aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) pollution in aquatic sediments of Hangzhou. Accelerated solvent extraction(ASE) was used to extract PAHs from sediments with satisfactory recoveries. It was found that the total PAHs in the sediments ranged from 308.4 to 3037 ng/g dw, and PAHs pollution in sediments from Jinghang Canal were the heaviest. Lowest effect level(LEL) and severe effect level (SEL) sediment quality guidelines were introduced to perform risk assessment for PAHs pollution in aquatic sediments. Only one sample in Jinghang Canal had adverse impact on benthic organism. 2-3 ring PAHs had a noticeable contribution to total PAHs, especially NA, PHEN. A quantity method was used to determine the major source, the results showed petroleum origin was the chief source to PAHs pollution in all sediments with the exception of sediments from Jinghang Canal where combustion sources had a larger contribution.  相似文献   

6.
To understand the transfer process of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) on the lake sediment-water interface in a mesotrophic shallow lake in South China, the SRP concentrations and the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) across the sediment-water interfaces were continually monitored. Sediment samples were collected from Xinghu Lake in Guangdong Province. The ORP dynamics at di erent layers of overlying water was similar for six experimental systems, whereas those in porewater were significantly di erent. The ORP in overlying water was 200–300 mV higher than those in sediments. The oxygen penetration depth ranged from 2 to 10 mm in Xiannu Lake sediments. The variation amplitudes of ORP increased with sediment depth, but the mean ORP values were all about 218 mV. The SRP concentrations in porewater maintained at a low level of about 0.049 mg/L because of high atom ratio of total iron and total manganese to total phosphorus. The SRP concentrations and variation amplitudes in porewater increased with sediment depth. The SRP in overlying water mainly originated from SRP transference of the porewater of middle and bottom sediments (3–15 cm). The ORP variation and SRP transfer in porewater played important roles in changing SRP concentrations. A distinct SRP concentration gradient appeared in overlying water when intense exchange occurred at the sediment-water interface; therefore, it was necessary to monitor the SRP concentration profiles to accurately estimate the internal loading.  相似文献   

7.
The occurrence, toxicities, and ecological risks of five heavy metals(Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn and Ni) in the sediment of Taihu Lake were investigated in this study. To evaluate the toxicities caused by the heavy metals, the toxicities induced by organic contaminants and ammonia in the sediments were screened out with activated carbon and zeolite. The toxicities of heavy metals in sediments were tested with benthic invertebrates(tubificid and chironomid).The correlations between toxicity of sediment and the sediment quality guidelines(SQGs)derived previously were evaluated. There were significant correlations(p 0.0001) between the observed toxicities and the total risk quotients of the heavy metals based on SQGs,indicating that threshold effect level(TEL) and probable effect level(PEL) were reliable to predict the toxicities of heavy metals in the sediments of Taihu Lake. By contrast, the method based on acid volatile sulfides(AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals(SEM),such as ∑SEM/AVS and ∑SEM-AVS, did not show correlations with the toxicities. Moreover,the predictive ability of SQGs was confirmed by a total predicting accuracy of 77%. Ecological risk assessment based on TELs and PELs showed that the contaminations of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn in the sediments of Taihu Lake were at relatively low or medium levels. The risks caused by heavy metals in the sediments of northern bay of the lake, which received more wastewater discharge from upper stream, were higher than other area of the lake.  相似文献   

8.
Understanding the history of microcystins(MCs) pollution in large lakes can help inform future lake management. We collected sediment cores from Lake Taihu to: investigate the long-term record of MCs(MC-LR, MC-YR, and MC-RR), explore the main environmental drivers of MCs, and assess their public health and ecological risks. Results showed that MCs content in all cores increased over time. The core from north Taihu had the highest MC concentrations, with an average total MCs(sum of MC-LR, MC-YR, ...  相似文献   

9.
Gaobeidian Lake, located in Beijing, China, serves as a recipient lake for efluents from a large municipal sewage treatment plant (MSTP). In order to evaluate the effects of discharging MSTP efluent on the mercury contamination of the local aquatic ecosystem, sediment cores, water, plankton, fish, and turtle samples were collected from Gaobeidian Lake for mercury speciation analysis. High concentrations of total mercury (T-Hg) were detected in sediment cores (5.24–17.0 μg/g dry weight (dw), average: 10.1 μg/g). The ratio of methylmercury (MeHg) to T-Hg was less than 0.3% in sediments and ranged from 35% to 76% in biota samples. The highest level of T-Hg and MeHg were found in aquatic bryophyte and crucian carp (3673 and 437 ng/g dw, respectively). The relative contents of MeHg were significantly correlated with trophic levels (R2 = 0.5506, p 0.001), which confirmed that MeHg can be bio-transferred and biomagnified via food chain in this aquatic ecosystem.  相似文献   

10.
Gaobeidian Lake, located in Beijing, China, serves as a recipient lake for e uents from a large municipal sewage treatment plant (MSTP). In order to evaluate the e ects of discharging MSTP e uent on the mercury contamination of the local aquatic ecosystem, sediment cores, water, plankton, fish, and turtle samples were collected from Gaobeidian Lake for mercury speciation analysis. High concentrations of total mercury (T-Hg) were detected in sediment cores (5.24–17.0 g/g dry weight (dw), average: 10.1 g/g). The ratio of methylmercury (MeHg) to T-Hg was less than 0.3% in sediments and ranged from 35% to 76% in biota samples. The highest level of T-Hg and MeHg were found in aquatic bryophyte and crucian carp (3673 and 437 ng/g dw, respectively). The relative contents of MeHg were significantly correlated with trophic levels (R2 = 0.5506, p < 0.001), which confirmed that MeHg can be bio-transferred and biomagnified via food chain in this aquatic ecosystem.  相似文献   

11.
洞庭湖平原中小型湖群沉积物铬污染特征与评价   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
于2007年采集洞庭湖平原地区10个中小型湖泊沉积物样品33个(其中表层样品29个,柱状样品4个),对沉积物重金属元素Cr的空间分布特征及其污染等级进行研究. 各湖泊表层沉积物中w(Cr)普遍高于环境背景值,其w(Cr)平均值排序为岳阳南湖>大通湖>珊珀湖>东湖>黄盖湖>安乐湖>北民湖>柳叶湖>毛里湖>芭蕉湖. 各湖柱状沉积物中w(Cr)由底层到表层的垂向上呈现不同的波动趋势. 各湖沉积物的铬污染程度按湖泊类型划分,表现为城市湖泊>投肥养殖型湖泊>人放天养型湖泊. 地累积指数法评价结果显示,洞庭湖平原地区中小型湖群沉积物中铬污染较轻,4个湖泊的10个采样点为偏中度污染,9个湖泊18个采样点为轻度污染,1个采样点没有污染.  相似文献   

12.
北京城区水体中PPCPs的分布特征及潜在风险   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
采集北京城区河流34个表层水样和23个沉积物样品,采集后海、前海和西海这3个城市湖泊10个表层水样和5个沉积物样品,应用HPLC-MS/MS技术对表层水样及沉积物样品中10种药物及个人护理品(PPCPs)进行检测分析,发现河流表层水样和城市湖泊表层水样中PPCPs的浓度范围分别为N.D.~655 ng·L~(-1)和N.D.~252 ng·L~(-1).在河流表层水样中,10种PPCPs的检出率范围为0~100%,其中咖啡因的检出率为100%,磺胺甲唑、地尔硫卓和泰乐菌素均未检出;在湖泊表层水样中,10种PPCPs的检出率范围为0~100%,其中对乙酰氨基酚、林可霉素、咖啡因和阿奇霉素的检出率为100%,磺胺甲唑、地尔硫卓、泰乐菌素及卡马西平都未检出;河流沉积物和城市湖泊沉积物中PPCPs的含量范围分别为N.D.~1 709ng·g~(-1)和N.D.~35.9 ng·g~(-1),在河流表层沉积物中,10种PPCPs的检出率范围为4%~96%,其中甲氧苄啶的检出率最高,泰乐菌素的检出率最低;在湖泊表层沉积物中,10种PPCPs的检出率范围为0~100%,其中地尔硫卓的检出率最高,咖啡因、泰乐菌素和卡马西平均未检出.从各河流看,永定引水渠、凉水河、通惠河及坝河表层水体及沉积物中PPCPs的含量较高,永定河、昆玉河表层水体中PPCPs的含量较低.应用风险商值(RQ)模型评价北京城区各河流及湖泊表层水体与沉积物中PPCPs残留对生态环境的影响,发现北京城区河流及湖泊表层水体中的10种PPCPs的RQ值均低于0.1,对河流生态环境具有低风险.城区河流及湖泊沉积物中,对乙酰氨基酚对永定引水渠、通惠河及坝河底栖生态环境具有中等风险;林可霉素对永定引水渠、温榆河、通惠河、护城河、坝河、凉水河及后海底栖生态环境具有中等风险;甲氧苄啶对永定引水渠、清河、温榆河、通惠河、护城河、坝河、亮马河、凉水河及后海底栖生态环境具有中等风险;阿奇霉素对亮马河及凉水河底栖生态环境具有中等风险,对永定引水渠、清河、温榆河、通惠河、坝河及后海底栖生态环境具有高风险.  相似文献   

13.
我国湖泊富营养化效应区域差异性分析   总被引:12,自引:3,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
通过分析我国湖泊富营养化相关指标的区域差异性,发现在相同营养物质条件下,浮游藻类生物量却有所差异,说明不同区域浮游藻类对营养物质总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的利用效率存在显著的区域差异性.利用SPSS中的曲线估计功能,分析我国不同湖泊区域lg Chl-a分别与lg TN和lg TP的线性方程,通过比较线性方程的斜率分析不同湖泊区域浮游藻类对营养物质TN和TP的利用效率,蒙新高原、云贵高原、东北平原-山地、长江中下游平原及华北平原,lg Chl-a与lg TP线性方程的斜率由高到低依次为1.002、0.817、0.761、0.545、0.250.lg Chl-a与lg TN线性方程的斜率由高到低依次为1.401、1.058、0.447、0.239、0.099,分别为长江中下游平原、云贵高原、华北平原、东北平原-山地及蒙新高原.由此可见,东北平原-山地和蒙新高原TP对浮游藻类生长的影响大于TN,而在华北平原、长江中下游平原和云贵高原,TN对浮游藻类生长的影响大于TP.另一方面,通过分析浮游藻类生物量与水体透明度之间的相关性,阐明藻类生长繁殖对不同区域湖泊水体透明度影响的区域差异性,结果表明,湖泊中浮游藻类生长繁殖对水体透明度影响最大的是云贵高原,其次是东北平原-山地、蒙新高原和华北平原,长江中下游平原水体透明度与浮游藻类生物量之间没有显著相关性.  相似文献   

14.
巢湖东区底泥污染物分布特征及评价   总被引:51,自引:1,他引:51  
测定了巢湖东区底泥样品中有机质、总氮、总磷、铅、铜、铬和锌的含量,其中,表层w(有机质),w(总氮)和w(总磷)的平均值分别为2.016%,0.108%和0.053%;w(Pb),w(Cu),w(Cr)和w(Zn)的平均值分别为40.2,40.1,79.2和123.8mg/kg。研究了底泥污染物的垂直分布特征,其一般规律是严重污染层高于污染过渡层,污染过渡层高于正常湖泥层。用潜在生态危害系数法对底泥重金属污染作了评价,结果表明,巢湖东区底泥重金属含量高于安徽土壤背景值,但仍属于低生态危害。对有机质与其他污染物之间的关系作了相关分析,其中w(总氮)(y,%)与w(有机质)(x,%)之间的线性方程为:y=0.1194 0.0475x,相关系数0.975,线性高度显著,说明总氮与有机质具有同源性。底泥中的w(C)/w(N)为18.62,w(N)/w(P)为2.12,与其他富营养化湖泊比较,没有显著差异。有机指数均高于底泥肥污染标准。  相似文献   

15.
为揭示太湖东部疏浚湖区沉积物中重金属分布特征及其潜在生态风险,于2012年在东太湖与胥口湾共设置5个点位采集沉积物样品,测试了底泥部分理化性质及重金属元素含量(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn),并运用潜在生态风险指数法综合评价了疏浚湖区沉积物的重金属污染现状和潜在风险程度.结果表明,太湖东部不同类型湖区间沉积物的营养盐及重金属含量分布存在差异,总体上胥口湾草型湖区的重金属含量相对东太湖养殖湖区较高,营养盐含量则相对较低;在垂直剖面上,沉积物营养盐和重金属均表现出表层富集的特征.太湖东部湖区各疏浚点位的营养盐和重金属含量均低于未疏浚点位,表明底泥生态疏浚能有效去除沉积物中的营养物质和重金属污染物,但疏浚效果随时间逐渐减弱.各重金属元素及营养盐之间均呈显著正相关关系,表明这些污染物具有较好的同源性.潜在生态风险指数RI的评价结果表明,各点位沉积物的重金属潜在危害程度依次为X1>D1>D3>X2>D2,其中未疏浚点位胥口湾X1的潜在生态风险高于东太湖D1,且X1、D1均属于中等生态风险,而疏浚点位D2、D3、X2属于轻微生态风险,底泥疏浚有效降低了沉积物中的重金属潜在生态风险.  相似文献   

16.
王坤  张岚  姜霞  赵丽  王书航 《环境科学研究》2018,31(12):2124-2132
为了解青藏高原湖区典型深水湖泊——羊卓雍错沉积物重金属污染水平及当前生态风险,以表层沉积物为基础,采用参考元素法计算研究区的重金属背景值,并对重金属生态风险状况进行了初步评估.结果表明:①羊卓雍错沉积物中重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg和Pb的背景值分别为(27.49±11.39)(22.53±4.74)(15.93±6.44)(28.22±9.68)(11.96±2.34)(0.22±0.11)(0.04±0.03)(11.59±5.29)mg/kg.②羊卓雍错表层沉积物重金属生态风险指数为66.96~227.79,平均值为119.45,各采样点重金属潜在生态风险均处于低风险或中等风险,流域整体处于低风险.③羊卓雍错表层沉积物中8种重金属的潜在生态风险顺序为Hg > Cd > As > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cr > Zn,各重金属生态风险指数范围为0.97~123.25,平均值在1.01~56.67之间,除Hg处于中等风险外,其余7种重金属均处于低风险状态.研究显示,参考元素法可便捷、准确地计算受人类活动影响较小湖泊的沉积物重金属背景值,当前羊卓雍错沉积物中重金属质量分数主要受背景值影响,而人类活动对重金属污染亦有贡献,需适当加强关注.   相似文献   

17.
长江下游主要湖泊沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对巢湖、鄱阳湖和太湖表层沉积物中As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Zn、Ni、Cd和Pb等8种重金属污染特征进行了分析,并用Hkanson生态危害指数法评价其生态危害。结果表明,三大湖泊整个湖区中Hg和Cd含量的空间变化均较大,且含量均明显高于深层基准值。潜在生态风险评价结果显示,Hg和Cd所产生的生态风险危害程度在三大湖泊中均较高,为全区湖泊生态风险危害指数的主要贡献者,湖泊的生态风险性从低到高的排序分别是巢湖、太湖、鄱阳湖,巢湖和太湖的生态环境较好,鄱阳湖的生态环境相对较差。  相似文献   

18.
底泥作为汞重要的"汇"及二次"源",在湖泊系统汞生物地球化学循环中起到了重要作用。本文以武汉主要城市湖泊为研究对象,探究了表层底泥中总汞(THg)和甲基汞(MeHg)的分布特征、潜在生态风险及主要影响因素。结果表明,武汉15个城市湖泊表层底泥THg平均浓度为152±170 ng/g (24~611 ng/g),与国内其它湖泊系统相比处于较高水平;MeHg浓度为52.0±46.8 pg/g (ND~161.0 pg/g),低于其它湖泊系统。空间分布上,底泥THg浓度呈现由武汉市中心向外逐渐递减的趋势,MeHg含量并未呈现类似THg的分布趋势。潜在生态风险评价(PERI)结果显示,所有采样点位中汞潜在生态风险极高和高风险等级占比均为5.7%,且主要分布在市中心附近,说明武汉市中心附近湖泊底泥汞污染程度较重,而市中心外围湖泊底泥汞生态风险较低。相关性分析结果显示,有机质可能是影响武汉城市湖泊底泥THg分布的重要因素之一,而MeHg主要受控于无机汞的原位甲基化过程。底泥THg浓度-湖泊距市中心距离间显著的负相关关系、THg浓度-湖泊所在区GDP/人均GDP间的显著正相关关系均表明人为活动对武汉城市湖泊汞分布影响明显。  相似文献   

19.
为探索城市浅水湖泊高有机质含量沉积物中有机质污染特征及其与氮、磷等营养元素的关系,调查了西湖8个湖区沉积物柱状样不同深度泥层有机质含量及其轻、重组分和氮磷污染特征,通过与国内相关湖泊有机质组分的比较,定量刻画了西湖"香灰土"沉积物的有机质特征.结果表明,西湖沉积物属典型高有机质含量底质,不同湖区底泥有机质含量平均值为28~251 g·kg-1;不同湖区沉积物有机质含量差别很大,引水入口湖区比其他湖区的有机质含量明显偏低;垂向上,大多湖区有机质含量随深度增加而增加,反映出有机质在西湖丰富的沉积历史.有机质轻/重组分离研究表明,西湖沉积物中轻组有机质含量为0.57~9.17 g·kg-1,平均占总有机质的2.83%,重组含量为5.35~347.41 g·kg-1,平均占总有机质的90%;与玄武湖、月湖、太湖、白洋淀等浅水湖泊相比,西湖底泥轻组有机质含量与之相当,但重组有机质含量明显偏高,反映出西湖作为历史悠久的城市湖泊,有机质污染负荷高,底泥腐殖化程度高.西湖底泥轻组有机质与总磷、总氮显著相关,而重组有机质含量仅与总氮含量显著相关,与磷没有相关性,表明轻组有机质对氮、磷内源释放潜力具有较大的影响.研究表明,西湖"香灰土"型沉积物有机质含量高、重组有机质比例高,对内源氮磷释放的缓冲能力强,在西湖营养盐内源负荷控制及水体富营养化治理中应予以充分考虑.  相似文献   

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