过氧化氢存在下HCFC－22光解特性

模拟大气条件研究了ＨＣＦＣ－２２＋Ｈ２Ｏ２在有氧或无氧存在下用低压相进行辐照,在２０ｍ的长光程池中用富里叶红外光仪测量其化学产物,结果表明在没有氧情况下产物为ＣＯＦ２,ＣＯ２,ＨＦ和ＨＣｌ;有氧存在时产物为ＣＯ２,Ｈ２Ｏ,ＨＦ和ＨＣｌ。从这些产物推广其可能的光解机理。     

OH自由基引发光氧化氟氯碳化合物的研究

研究了ＣＦＣ－１１＋Ｈ２Ｏ２，ＣＦＣ－１１＋Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｏ２，ＣＦＣ－１２＋Ｈ２Ｏ２和ＣＦＣ－１２＋Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｏ２４个体系的光化学反应，这些体系在低压尔照射下，Ｈ２Ｏ２产生了ＯＨ自由基，ＯＨ自由基能引发ＣＦＣ的光氧化反应，其产物在２０ｍ长的漪避用富叶红外光谱仪测量，发现在ＣＦＣ－１１＋Ｈ２Ｏ２和ＣＦＣ－１１＋Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｏ２体系中有ＣＯＦＣｌ，ＣＯ２和ＨＣｌ，而在ＣＦＣ－１２＋Ｈ２Ｏ２和ＣＦＣ－１２＋     

CF2ClBr在短紫外光照射下光解离过程的研究

以低压汞为激发光源,气相色谱和红外光谱为主要分析手段,研究了气态ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ在１８５ｎｍ紫外光照射下的光解离过程及其人在Ｏ２存在下的光氧化机理,发现ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ在１８５ｎｍ紫外光照射下的主要产物ＣＦ２Ｂｒ２ＣＦ２Ｃｌ２和Ｃｌ２,Ｂｒ２,而当Ｏ２存在时,主要光解产物为ＣＦ２Ｏ,在本实验条件下,纯ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ极限分解率约为２６％,在ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ－Ｏ２体系中,ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的解离为一级反应,速率     

外加气体对等离子体降解CF_2ClBr的影响

用等离子体处理难降解大气污染物是近年国内外研究较活跃的领域，选用化学方法难降解的ＣＦ２ＣＩＢｒ为对象，研究了Ｈｅ、Ｎ２、Ｏ２及空气对等离子体降解ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的影响，实现了ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的常压解离．外加气体为Ｈｅ、Ｎ２时ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的降解情况与纯ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的降解基本相同，外加气体为Ｏ２、空气时主要降解产物为ＣＦ２Ｏ，Ｂｒ２，Ｃｌ２外加气体对降解的影响大小为Ｈｅ＜Ｎ２＜Ｏ２，空气．     

Fe~（2＋）－H_2O_2法处理DSD酸生产氧化母液的研究

为改善ＤＳＤ酸氧化母液的可生化降解性，将废液先用有机絮凝剂ＴＳ－１（一种季胺盐）处理，ＴＳ－１的投加量为３ｇ／Ｌ，其后用Ｆｅ２＋－Ｈ２Ｏ２法氧化，Ｆｅ２＋和Ｈ２Ｏ２的量分别为１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，７ｇ／Ｌ，废液ＣＯＤ和色度的去除率分别可达６４％和６２％。经处理后的废水，其ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤ≈０．３，可以认为已达到生化处理的要求。当Ｈ２Ｏ２的投量为２ｇ／Ｌ，经Ｆｅ２＋－Ｈ２Ｏ氧化处理后的废液，再用ＦｅＣｌ３进行两级混凝处理（ＦｅＣｌ３的投加量分别为ｓｇ／Ｌ和２ｇ／Ｌ），则ＣＯＤ和色度的去除率可达９０％和９５％。     

La-Cu-O/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CO和CH4氧化活性及氧性质研究

用长光路ＦＴＩＲ技术研究氟里昂替代物ＨＦＣ１５２ａ（ＣＨ３ＣＨＦ２）和ＨＣＦＣ２２（ＣＨＣｌＦ２）与ＯＨ自由基的大气光化学反应，研究了反应产物和反应机理，并对它们的环境影响和工业应用前景进行了评价．ＨＣＦＣ２２只能作为过渡性的替代物使用，而ＨＦＣ１５２ａ可以发展成为非常有价值的永久性替代物．     

外加气体对等离子体降解CF2ClBr的影响

用等离子体处理难降解大气污染是近国内外产活跃的领域,选用化学方法难解的ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ为对象,研究了Ｈｅ,Ｎ２,Ｏ２及空气对等离子体降解ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的影响,实现了ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的常压降解,外加气体为Ｈｅ,Ｎ２时ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的降解情况与纯ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的降解基本相同,外加气体为Ｏ２,空气时的主要降解产物为ＣＦ２Ｏ,Ｂｒ２,Ｃｌ２,外加气体对降糖的影响大小Ｈｅ〈Ｎ２〈Ｏ２空气。     

长光路FTIR研究HFC152a光化学反应

用长光路ＦＴＩＲ技术研究氟里昂替代物ＨＦＣ１５２ａ（ＣＨ３ＣＨＦ２）在对流层中的化学反应，氯离子作反应的引发剂，用相对速度方法测定了ＨＦＣ１５２ａ与Ｃｌ原子反应速率常数为（２．３±０．５）×１０＾－１３ｃｍ＾３·ｍｏｌ＾－１·ｓ＾－１（２９８±Ｋ）。ＨＦＣ１５２ａ在对流层中的主要含氟光解产物为ＣＯＦ２，产率为８８％。有关反应机理进行了讨论。     

溴代烷烃光氧化的研究

本文模拟大气条件,研究了ＣＨ３Ｂｒ＋Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｏ２,ＣＨ３Ｂｒ＋Ｏ２,ＣＨＢｒ３＋Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｏ２,和ＣＨＢｒ３＋Ｏ２４个体系的光化学反应。这些体系在２５３．７ｎｍ的紫外光照射下Ｈ２Ｏ２产生了ＯＨ自由基,ＯＨ自由基与ＣＨ３Ｂｒ和ＣＨＢｒ３反应,在２０ｍ的长光程气体池中ＦＴＩＲ测量这些反应产物,发现在ＣＨ３Ｂｒ＋Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｏ２和ＣＨ３Ｂｒ＋Ｏ２体系其光化Ｏ２其光化学反应产物为ＣＯ和ＣＯ２,并从这些产物     

在H2O2存在下CH3Br和CHBr3光解特性

模拟大气条件,研究了ＣＨ３Ｂｒ＋Ｈ２Ｏ,ＣＨＢｒ３＋Ｈ２Ｏ２两个体系的光解特性,这些体系在２５３．３７ｎｍ的紫外光照射下Ｈ２Ｏ２产生了ＯＨ基,ＯＨ自由基与ＣＨ３Ｂｒ反应,在２０ｍ的长光程气体池中用ＦＴＩＲ测量这些反应产物。     

Photooxidation of hydrochlorofluocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons initiated by OH radicals

ＰｈｏｔｏｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｃｈｌｏｒｏｆｌｕｏｃａｒｂｏｎｓａｎｄｈｙｄｒｏｆｌｕｏｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｓｉｎｉｔｉａｔｅｄｂｙＯＨｒａｄｉｃａｌｓ￥ＺｈｏｎｇＪｉｎｘｉａｎ；ＭｕＹｕｊｉｎｇ；ＹａｎｇＷｅｎｘｉａｎｇ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣ...     

城市混合垃圾组分及其燃烧产物特性分析

对混合垃圾自然组分、物性及燃烧产物特性进行了实验研究。结果表明 :城市混合垃圾中无机物、水分、灰分含量较高 ,热值较低 ;燃烧产物中烟气的主要成分是 N2 、CO2 、H2 O、O2 ,以及少量 CO、HCl、NOx、SOx、H2 S等 ;灰渣的主要成分是 Si O2 、Al2 O3、Ca O、Ca SO4等。随着过量空气系数的增大 ,呈现 CO、HCl、SOx、H2 S减少 ,NOx 增加的趋势 ;随着温度的升高 ,CO、H2 S逐渐减少 ,HCl、SOx、NOx 增加 ;适宜的城市混合垃圾燃烧温度应在 80 0～ 1 0 0 0℃     

UV-Fenton法降解对硫磷的机理及动力学

采用UV-Fenton法对对硫磷的氧化消除及动力学规律进行研究,利用气相色谱法测定对硫磷的浓度,以半衰期的大小来表示降解效果;并考察了Fe2+浓度、H2O2浓度以及pH对光解对硫磷的影响.结果表明,UV-Fenton对对硫磷的氧化降解过程符合一级反应动力学;溶液中Fe2+与H2O2浓度对降解反应影响较大,随着浓度的增加对硫磷的降解效果增大,一定程度后呈下降趋势;在pH=3时,对硫磷的降解效果最好,其半衰期可达到0.256 h,一级动力学方程可表示为Ct=4.9652e-2.7 066t.     

UV-catalytic treatment of spent caustic from ethene plant with hydrogen peroxide and ozone oxidation

The performance of UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3 oxidation systems for treating spent caustic from an ethylene plant was investigated, in UV/H2O2 system, with the increase of H202 dosage, removal efficiencies of COD and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) to chemical oxygen demand(COD) of the effluent were increased and a better performance was obtained than the H2O2 system alone. In UV/H2O2 system, removal efficiency of COD reach 68% under the optimum condition, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.52. In UV/O3 system, with the increase of O3 dosage, removal efficiency of COD and BOD/COD ratio were increased, and a better performance was obtained than the O3 system alone. Under the optimum condition, removal efficiency of COD was 54%, and BOD/COD ratio was significantly increased from 0.22 to 0.48. In UV/H2O2/O3 system, COD removal efficiency was found to be 22.0% higher than UV/O3 system.     

Photolysis pathway of nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous solutions in the UV/H2O2 process

IntroductionNitrobenzene (NB) was mainly used in theproduction of aniline, also used as a solvent inpetroleum refining, as well as used in the manufactureof other organic compounds such as dinitrobenzenes,dichloroanilines and acetaminophen (WHO, 2003).Nit…     

Photocatalytic degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid with β-Ga2O3 in anoxic aqueous solution

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a new-found hazardous persistent organic pollutant, and it is resistant to decomposition by hydroxyl radical (HO·) due to its stable chemical structure and the high electronegativity of fluorine. Photocatalytic reduction of PFOA with β-Ga₂O₃ in anoxic aqueous solution was investigated for the first time, and the results showed that the photoinduced electron (e_cb^-) coming from the β-Ga₂O₃ conduction band was the major degradation substance for PFOA, and shorter-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs, C_nF_2n+1COOH, 1 ≤ n ≤ 6) were the dominant products. Furthermore, the concentration of F^- was measured by the IC technique and defluorination efficiency was calculated. After 3 hr, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency was 98.8% and defluorination efficiency was 31.6% in the presence of thiosulfate and bubbling N₂. The degradation reaction followed first-order kinetics (k = 0.0239 min^-1, t_1/2 = 0.48 hr). PFCAs (C_nF_2n+1COOH, 1 ≤ n ≤ 7) were detected and measured by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS methods. It was deduced that the probable photocatalytic degradation mechanism involves e_cb^- attacking the carboxyl of C_nF_2n+1COOH, resulting in decarboxylation and the generation of C_nF_2n+1·. The produced C_nF_2n+1· reacted with H2O, forming C_nF_2n+1OH, then C_nF_2n+1OH underwent HF loss and hydrolysis to form C_nF_2n+1COOH.     

活性炭催化双氧水氧化处理分散橙结晶废母液

采用Fe2+/H2O2、活性炭(AC)/H2O2和AC/H2O2/Fe2+三种氧化体系对高浓度、高酸度和高盐分的分散橙结晶废母液进行处理,探讨了H2O2投加量、n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+)比值和初始pH对TOC去除率影响,比较三种氧化体系对TOC和色度的去除效果。结果表明:AC/H2O2/Fe2+氧化体系对TOC去除率最高,AC/H2O2氧化体系对色度去除率最高。即使在强酸环境中下,AC对H2O2仍然具有较高的催化活性,并可多次重复利用。AC/H2O2氧化体系为分散橙结晶废母液处理及资源化利用提供了新途径。