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生物降解三氯乙烯的研究及其进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
三氯乙烯(TCE)的大规模使用,已使其成为地表水、地下水中分布最广泛的污染物之一。TCE在环境中具有持久性,对生物的毒作用很强并具有致癌性,引起各国的普遍重视。该文综述了近年来生物降解转化TCE的研究及其进展,由于TCE生物降解过程中共代谢物的竞争性抑制和TCE代谢毒性,使TCE的降解受到很大限制,但通过创造和保持适当的环境条件,可TCE降解取得很好的效果。 相似文献
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包装材料堆肥化需氧生物降解测试方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用堆肥埯氧菌的方法,我们对各种包装材料的特别是一次性餐具的生物降解性能进行了实验研究,取得了满意的结果,为使包装材料废弃后有利于环境消纳,建立了一种初步的测试方法。 相似文献
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淀粉聚乙燃膜在受控条件下的好氧生物降物 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用土埋、真菌生长和CO2释放试验分别测定了几咱淀粉聚乙烯膜的生物降解性。试验结果表明,膜的生物降解性与膜中的淀粉含量正相关,并受膜比面积大小的影响。在受控条件下,含淀粉6%~30%的经28d降解后,降解质量变化率在0.6%~12.4%范围内,其CO2释放量为0.02~0.15mg/mg膜,中的聚乙烯组分不仅本身难被生物降解,而且还抑制微生物对其淀粉组分的降解。CO2是淀粉聚乙烯膜好氧生物降解的降 相似文献
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Simultaneous biodegradation of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds
in a sequencing batch bioreactor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
LIU Xing-yu WANG Bao-jun JIANG Cheng-ying ZHAO Ke-xin Harold L. Drake LIU Shuang-Jiang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(5):530-535
Many nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds (NACs), such as nitrobenzene (NB), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), aniline (AN), and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), are environmentally hazardous, and their removal from contaminated water is one of the main challenges facing wastewater treatment plants. In this study, synthetic wastewater containing NB, 4-NP, 2,4-DNP, and AN at concentrations ranging from 50 to 180 mg/L was fed into a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Analyses of the SBR system indicated that it simultaneously removed more than 99% of the NACs at loading rates of 0.36 kg NB/(m3·d), 0.3 kg 4-NP/(m3·d), 0.25 kg AN/(m3·d), and 0.1 kg 2,4-DNP/(m3·d). Bacterial groups of Bacteriodetes, Candidate division TM7, α-Proteobacteria, and β-Proteobacteria were dominant in the clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes retrieved from the microbial communities in the SBR system. "Cycle tests" designed to alter feeding and aeration parameters of the SBR system demonstrated that the resident microbial biome of the SBR system responded rapidly to changing conditions. Consumption of O2 was concomitant with the apparent mineralization of NACs. Aromatic ring-cleaving dioxygenase activities suggested that (1) AN and NB were degraded via catechol 2,3-dioxygenase; (2) 4-NP was degraded via 1,2,4-benzentriol 1,2-dioxygenase; and (3) 2,4-DNP was degraded via an unresolved pathway. 相似文献
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A bacterial strain that utilized o-chloronitrobenzene(o-CNB) as the sole carbon,nitrogen and energy sources was isolated from an activated sludge collected from an industrial waste treatment plant. It was identified as Pseudomonas putida based on its morphology,physiological,and biochemical characteristics with an automatic biometrical system and the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Microcosm study showed that the biodegradation of o-CNB was optimized at culture medium pH 8.0 and 32°C. At these conditions,the st... 相似文献
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藻类对偶氮染料的降解及定量结构-生物降解性研究 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
通过研究普通小球藻( Chlorella vulgaris) 、蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa) 、斜生栅藻(Scenedes nusobliquus) 对偶氮染料的降解作用,筛选出优势藻种并优化降解条件;对单偶氮染料进行了定量结构—生物降解性相关关系(QSBR) 研究.3 种藻均能利用偶氮染料为其生长的唯一 C、 N 源,使染料脱色,蛋白核小球藻具有更强的脱色能力;且藻在无 N 环境中的脱色率明显高于无 C 和正常环境;pH 值对染料脱色影响较大,最佳pH值为中性;不同结构的单偶氮染料生物降解性相差很大,脱色率为9.1 % (89.9 % , QSBR 研究表明, 偶氮键的最低未占据轨道能量是控制生物降解的主要因素,而脱色率与染料的分子量无关. 相似文献
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Liu Zhipei Yang HaifangInstitute of Microbiology Academis Sinica Beijing China 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1991,(2)
A bacterial strain was isolated from activated sludge and has been identified as Pseudomonas sp. S-42 capable of decolorizing azo dyes such as Diamira Brilliant Orange RR (DBO-RR), Direct Brown M (DBM), Eriochrome Brown R (EBR) and so on. The growing cells, intact cells, cell-free extract and purified enzyme of strain S-42 could decolorize azo dyes under similar conditions at the optimum pH 7.0 and temperature of 37℃. The efficiencies of decolorization for DBO-RR, DBM, EBR with intact cells stood more than 90%. When the cell concentration was 15mg (wet)/ml and the reaction time was 5 hours, the decolorizing activities of intact cells for above three azo dyes were 1.75, 2.4, 0.95 μg dye/mg cell, respectively. Cell-free extract and purified enzyme belonged to azoreductase with molecular weight about 34000±2000 and Vmax and Km values for DBO-RR of 13μmol/mg protein/nun and 54μmol, respectively. The results from the detection of the biodegradation products of DBO-RR by spectrophotometric and NaNO2 reac 相似文献
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The effects of various quinone compounds on the decolorization rates of sulfonated azo dyes by Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY were investigated. The results showed that anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) was the most effective redox mediator and AQS reduction was the rate-limited step of AQS-mediated decolorization of sulfonated azo dyes. Based on AQS biological toxicity tests, it was assumed that AQS might enter the cells to kill them. In the cytoplasmic extracts from strain QYY, AQS effectively increased decolorization rates of sulfonated azo dyes than other quinone compounds. In addition, we found a NADH/FMN-dependent AQS reductase using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native-PAGE). 相似文献
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醌还原酶 醌类化合物对偶氮染料脱色的作用 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
外加醌类化合物作介体,利用细菌胞内的醌还原酶考察基因工程菌Escherichia coli YB对偶氮染料的脱色能力,以及甲基氢醌预处理对E. coli JM109和厌氧污泥脱色的影响.结果表明,介体2羟基1,4萘醌(lawsone,LQ)的存在对胞内过量表达醌还原酶AZR的E. coli YB的脱色能力有显著的促进作用,0.2 mmol·L-1 LQ存在下,苋菜红(1 mmol·L-1)在2 h内可脱色75%.LQ存在时E. coli YB对高浓度的染料也有脱色效果,8 h可使苋菜红(5 mmol·L-1)脱色50%左右.与LQ相比,甲萘醌作为介体对脱色的促进效果较差,2.5 mmol·L-1甲萘醌存在下脱色70%需12 h.LQ存在时E. coli YB对苋菜红的重复脱色能力稳定,12 h内能完成4次重复脱色.LQ的存在对于结构较复杂的2种偶氮染料酸性大红GR和活性艳红K2BP的脱色也有促进作用,在最适LQ浓度下,分别在9 h和30 h脱色70%.甲基氢醌预处理对E. coli JM109和厌氧污泥的脱色能力都有促进作用.预处理后在LQ存在下,E. coli JM109在5 h可脱色苋菜红(1 mmol·L-1)80%左右,而污泥可在11 h脱色75%以上. 相似文献
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Hideaki Maki Kenrou Tokuhiro Yasuhiro Fujiwar Michihiko Ike Kenji Furukaw Masanori Fujita 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1996,8(3):275-284
Biodegradationofsyntheticsurfactantsbyrivermicroorganisms¥HideakiMaki;KenrouTokuhiro;YasuhiroFujiwara;MichihikoIke;KenjiFuruk... 相似文献
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凹凸棒负载TiO2对偶氮染料和纺织废水光催化脱污 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
通过浸渍的方法 ,制备了天然粘土矿石凹凸棒负载的P2 5TiO2 固化催化剂 .实验了催化剂的负载量和煅烧温度对催化剂活性的影响 .研究了最佳固化催化剂对 5种生物难降解的偶氮染料和纺织废水的太阳光催化脱污 .结果证实该固定化催化剂能利用太阳能光催化脱污偶氮染料及毛纺织废水 ,而且具有高的稳定性 ,可重复使用 相似文献
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苯酚是一种生物毒性物质,即使在低浓度下对人体及微生物也有毒害作用。从微生物对苯酚降解的生化机制和关键酶、高效降酚微生物菌种的分离筛选,降解特性以及利用高效基因工程菌处理酚类化合物的研究进展等方面,对微生物降解苯酚进行了综述。 相似文献
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通过转座子介导同源重组的方法,将甲基对硫磷水解酶基因mpd导入到六六六降解菌BHC-A的染色体上, 构建了能同时降解六六六和甲基对硫磷的基因工程菌BHC-A-mpd. 对其生长特性和降解特性的研究表明, 工程菌在LB培养基中的生长特性与原始菌株没有差别, 生长至对数期A600nm值都可达到2.5;对六六六的降解特性和原始菌株相同, 可在10h内将5mg/L的六六六完全降解. mpd基因在BHC-A-mpd中稳定表达,BHC-A-mpd可以降解多种有机磷类农药.该基因工程菌的构建为六六六和甲基对硫磷复合污染环境的生物修复奠定了基础. 相似文献