Phase transformation of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite in the presence of Mn(II): Fate of Mn(II) and Cr(VI)

Ferrihydrite is an important sink for the toxic heavy metal ions, such as Cr(VI). As ferrihydrite is thermodynamically unstable and gradually transforms into hematite and goethite, the stability of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite is environmentally significant. This study investigated the phase transformation of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite at different pH in the presence of aqueous Mn(II), as well as the fate of Mn(II) and Cr(VI) in the transformation process of ferrihydrite. Among the ferrihydrite transformation products, hematite was dominant, and goethite was minor. The pre-adsorbed Cr(VI) inhibited the conversion of ferrihydrite to goethite at initial pH 3.0, whereas little amount of adsorbed Mn(II) favored the formation of goethite at initial pH 7.0. After the aging process, Cr species in solid phase existed primarily as Cr(III) in the presence of Mn(II) at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0. The aqueous Mn concentration was predominantly unchanged at initial pH 3.0, whereas the aqueous Mn(II) was adsorbed onto ferrihydrite or form Mn(OH)₂ precipitates at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, promoting the immobilization of Cr(VI). Moreover, the oxidation of Mn(II) occurred at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, forming Mn(III/IV) (hydr)oxides.     

Simultaneous oxidation of Mn(II) and As(III) on cupric oxide (CuO) promotes As(III) removal at circumneutral pH

Oxidation of Mn(II) or As(III) by molecular oxygen is slow at pH < 9, while they can be catalytically oxidized in the presence of oxide minerals and then removed from contaminated water. However, the reaction mechanisms on simultaneous oxidation of Mn(II) and As(III) on oxide mineral surface and their accompanied removal efficiency remain unclear. This study compared Mn(II) oxidation on four common metal oxides (γ-Al₂O₃, CuO, α-Fe₂O₃ and ZnO) and investigated the simultaneous oxidation and removal of Mn(II) and As(III) through batch experiments and spectroscopic analyses. Among the tested oxides, CuO and α-Fe₂O₃ possess greater catalytic activity toward Mn(II) oxidation. Oxidation and removal kinetics of Mn(II) and As(III) on CuO indicate that O₂ is the terminal electron acceptor for Mn(II) and As(III) oxidation on CuO, and Mn(II) acts as an electron shuttle to promote As(III) oxidation and removal. The main oxidized product of Mn(II) on CuO is high-valent MnO_x species. This newly formed Mn(III) or Mn(IV) phases promote As(III) oxidation on CuO at circumneutral pH 8 and is reduced to Mn(II), which may be then released into solution. This study provides new insights into metal oxide-catalyzed oxidation of pollutants Mn(II) and As(III) and suggests that CuO should be considered as an efficient material to remediate Mn(II) and As(III) contamination.     

土霉素和金霉素在土壤中的吸附–解吸行为

选择黑土和褐土两种典型东北地区土壤为吸附体,采用批平衡实验的方法,研究了四环素类抗生素(TCs)——土霉素(OTC)和金霉素(CTC)在褐土和黑土的吸附和解吸行为。结果表明:OTC和CTC都表现出较强的吸附性,且TCs在黑土上的吸附效果优于褐土。TCs在褐土和黑土上的吸附等温线均能较好地与Freundlich和Langmuir吸附方程相拟合,且Freundlich方程(R~2=0.994)拟合效果优于Langmuir方程(R~2=0.989)。四环素类抗生素的吸附过程是一个由迅速扩散和缓慢扩散组成的双速过程。CTC在褐土和黑土中属于"L型"等温吸附线;OTC在褐土和黑土中属于"S型"等温吸附线,表现出"协同吸附"的特点。OTC在黑土中吸附速率最快,解吸性最好,所以在黑土中具有更强的迁移性,对环境存在着更大的潜在威胁。     

联想(中国)企业社会责任报告2009—2010(环境部分)

概况新联想是一家极富创新性的国际化科技公司,由联想集团及原IBM个人电脑事业部组成。联想全球总部位于中国北京和美国罗利,制造和物流基地主要设在中国、墨西哥、美国、印度、马来西亚、日本和澳大利亚等地。目前,联想在全球超过60个国家拥有分支机构,在日本大和、中国北京、上海和深圳以及美国罗利均设有主要研     

化学合成硫化亚铁(FeS)对三价锑的吸附作用研究

厌氧环境中硫化亚铁(FeS)在重金属元素的地球化学循环中扮演极其重要的角色。然而,厌氧条件下FeS与锑(Sb)之间的相互作用尚未有较为清晰的认识。为了探究厌氧条件下FeS对三价锑(Sb(Ⅲ))的吸附动力学、吸附等温线以及吸附的影响因素,本研究以沉淀法制备的FeS为研究对象,测试了其溶解性以及表面形貌。并通过条件实验,考察不同pH、初始FeS、反应时间等因素对FeS吸附Sb(Ⅲ)的影响。结果表明:吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型的描述;中性条件下Langmuir吸附模型对吸附过程具有较高的拟合度,饱和吸附量为380. 3 mg/g; Sb(Ⅲ)在酸性条件下的吸附可能与硫化矿物Sb2S3的析出密切相关,这可能是与FeS溶解产生H_2S反应的结果;而在中性及碱性条件下,FeS与Sb(Ⅲ)的反应主要与表面吸附反应有关。     

Ce_(0.65-x)Co_xK_(0.15)Zr_(0.2)O_2催化碳烟燃烧活性研究

采用柠檬酸络合燃烧法制备了不同铈钴摩尔比的Ce_(0.65-x)Co_xK_(0.15)Zr_(0.2)O_2(x=0,0.15,0.23,0.30,0.38,0.45,0.65)催化剂,采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR与H_2-TPR等技术对催化剂进行表征,并通过程序升温氧化反应(TPO)考察了催化剂不同Ce/Co比对碳烟颗粒物催化燃烧活性的影响。研究结果表明:在松散接触条件下,该系列催化剂催化碳烟颗粒物燃烧活性较高,T_m均小于400℃,当x=0.23时活性最高,T_i与T_m分别为321℃与355℃,催化剂所表现出的高活性受益于样品表面具有大量高活性的细小Co_3O_4颗粒物。     

ESR study of Fe(III) and Cr(III) hydroxides

The authors would like to thank Dr. A. Relier and B. Spring (University of Zürich) for providing the DSC analysis. This research was supported by the Swiss National Foundation, project no. 2.942-0.88 and by a grant of the Board of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.     

Enhanced removal of high-As(Ⅲ) from Cl(-Ⅰ)-diluted SO4(-Ⅱ)-rich wastewater at pH 2.3 via mixed tooeleite and(Cl(-Ⅰ)-free) ferric arsenite hydroxychloride formation

An advanced cost-saving method of removal of high-As(Ⅲ) from SO₄(-Ⅱ)-rich metallurgi cal wastewater has been developed by diluting the SO₄(-Ⅱ) content with As(Ⅲ)-Cl(-Ⅰ)-rich metallurgical wastewater and then by the direct precipitation of As(Ⅲ) with Fe(Ⅲ) at pH2.3.As(Ⅲ) removal at various SO₄(-Ⅱ)/Cl(-Ⅰ) molar ratios and temperatures was investigated The results showed that 65.2–98.2%of As(III) immobilization into solids occurred at the SO₄(Ⅱ)/Cl(-Ⅰ) mo...     

The effect of light on the Mn(II) or Fet(lll)-catalyzed oxidation of aqueous S(IV)

ＴｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｌｉｇｈｔｏｎｔｈｅＭｎ（ＩＩ）ｏｒＦｅｔｌｌｌ）ｘａｔａｌｙｚｅｄｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｑｕｅｏｕｓＳ（ＩＶ）ＸｕＹｏｎｇｆｕ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃ...     

自然水体生物膜对铜(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)的吸附研究

以董铺水库为水源、天然纯棉绳为人工基质培养生物膜,研究了附着在棉绳表面上的自然水体生物膜吸附Cu和Cd的热力学和动力学特征及pH对吸附性能的影响.通过对实验数据进行非线型拟合,发现生物膜对2种重金属的吸附均符合Freundlich(F)和Langmuir(L)吸附等温式,对2种金属的吸附能力顺序是:Cu＞Cd.生物膜对Cu和Cd的吸附在数小时内可达到平衡,吸附过程符合二级动力学特征.通过调节吸附液的pH值,研究了不同pH对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,随着pH的升高,2种金属的吸附量明显增加.     

游离氨(FA)对氨氧化菌(AOB)活性抑制动力学试验

为探究游离氨(FA)对氨氧化细菌抑制动力学影响,本试验采用序批式活性污泥(SBR)反应器,在通过改变系统进水FA浓度以实现稳定的短程硝化,达到富集AOB目的基础上,以短程硝化污泥为对象,基于批次试验,考察不同FA浓度梯度下氨氧化过程比亚硝态氮产生速率(SNi PR)变化规律,进而拟合FA抑制AOB活性抑制动力学模型,并进行统计学分析.结果表明,当0.7 mg·L~(-1)≤FA≤50.2 mg·L~(-1)时,随着FA浓度升高,SNi PR(以N/VSS计)迅速升高.当FA≥50.2 mg·L~(-1)时,SNi PR随着FA浓度升高而降低.尤其当FA浓度高于687.1 mg·L~(-1)时,SNi PR始终维持在0 g·(g·d)~(-1),表明AOB活性被完全抑制.相对于Haldane、Edwards~(-1)#、Edwards-2#、Luong抑制动力学模型,Aiba模型最适合描述FA对AOB活性的抑制影响.其统计学常数:残差平方和(RSS)为0.005、相关系数(R2)为0.932、拟合方程的显著性差异(F)为181.7、可信度(P)为1.06×10-9.其动力学常数值:最大比亚硝态氮产生速率(rmax,以N/VSS计)为0.37 g·(g·d)~(-1);半饱和常数(KS)为11.78 mg·L~(-1);抑制常数(KI)为153.74 mg·L~(-1).     

传承经典,以经(经典)至进(改进)

源远流长的民间游戏,是我国文化宝库中的一支瑰丽奇葩,也是珍贵的文化遗产。民间游戏有一定的娱乐性、教育性、随意性。民间游戏内容丰富:有促进语言发展的,有反应传统文化的、有促进肢体动作的。只要简单材料,甚至没有材料都能随时随地组织玩。民间游戏组织形式灵活多样:有单独的,有多人的,还有能锻炼幼儿之间的协商、合作能力的。民间游戏有易学、易会、易传的特点,也符合幼儿好动、好学、好模仿、好游戏的心理特点。     

Fe(Ⅲ)催化氧化S(Ⅳ)机理及其动力学

为了探索Fe3 催化氧化S(Ⅳ)的反应动力学规律,实验考察了pH、Fe3 浓度、S(Ⅳ)浓度、温度对反应动力学的影响.结果表明,Fe3 催化氧化S(Ⅳ)过程中动力学控制步骤为Fe2 的氧化,且pH在0～3范围内,氧化速率随着H 浓度的升高而降低;Fe3 浓度为0～0.01 mol·L-1时,氧化速率随Fe3 浓度的增加而加快,继续增加Fe3 浓度,氧化速率没有明显变化;S(Ⅳ)浓度为0～0.1 mol·L-1时,氧化速率随S(Ⅳ)浓度的增加而加快.由实验数据得到了氧化速率公式.反应速率在20～40 ℃范围内随温度升高而加快,反应活化能约为13kJ·mol-1.在实验基础上推测反应为自由基链反应机理.     

饲料添加剂叔丁基对羟基茴香醚和抗生素诺氟沙星对剑尾鱼的毒性效应

研究了叔丁基对羟基茴香醚(butylated hydroxyanisole,BHA)和诺氟沙星(norfloxacin,NFLX)对剑尾鱼的急性毒性及其肝脏谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及7-乙氧基异吩恶唑酮-脱乙基酶(EROD)活性的影响.结果表明,BHA和NFLX对剑尾鱼毒性大小分别属于高毒和低毒.BHA的暴露浓度为0.20mg.L-1和0.04mg.L-1时,GST和CAT活性诱导分别达到最大值;NFLX的暴露浓度为5mg.L-1时,GST和CAT均受到最大程度的诱导.随着BHA和NFLX暴露浓度的增加,GST和CAT呈现出先诱导后抑制的典型"钟型曲线"变化规律,而MDA含量和EROD活性则逐渐增加.其中,MDA和EROD响应较为敏感,适合作为BHA和NFLX暴露的生物标记物.雌雄个体酶响应的敏感程度存在一定的差异,雄性个体比雌性个体敏感.