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环境监测是环境管理和环境科研的基础,是制定环境保护政策和法规的重要依据,对整个环境保护工作来说它有着十分重要的耳目作用。环境监测工作的中心任务是及时、准确、可靠地获取表征环境质量的代表性数据,并科学地解释这些数据。我国的环境监测工作历经十多年的艰难起步和发展,已经迈入提高和深化阶段,为使环境监测工作有新的突破,探讨对这一庞大开放系统的科学管理有其重要的意义。一、环境监测的基本特点环境监测管理是使用各种科学方法深入研究环境监测活动中的规律,并以监测质量、效益为核心,对环境监测整个系统实施全面科学的管理。掌握环境监测的基本特点对实施有效的环境监测管理十分必要,环境监测的基本特点主要是: 相似文献
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环境监测工作是监测水、空气、土壤等环境污染情况的重要手段,通过进行环境监测,可以得到环境污染的数据,为确认污染源和解决方案的制定提供数据支持,对于环境保护具有重要意义.同时,环境监测在推动社会经济发展、为人们营造健康的生活环境和推动人与自然和谐共处等方面具有重要作用.文章对环境监测的特征进行了分析,探讨了其在环境保护中... 相似文献
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环境监测是环境保护的基础工作。环境保护目标责任制、城市环境综合整治定量考核制、排污许可证制、污染源限期治理与集中控制、环境影响评价、“三同时”与排污收费等环境管理制度的贯彻落实,均需要环境监测提供及时有效的技术支持、监督与服务。随着西部生态建设和环境保护事业的逐步深入发展,环境监督管理工作力度的不断加强,对基层环境监测站监测能力和应急能力建设提出了新的更高的要求,环境监测工作在二十一世纪的环境管理和经济社会可持续发展决策中发挥的作用愈加举足轻重。如果监测工作不能顺应历史发展的潮流,不能及时的为环… 相似文献
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正各地要以监测报告司法认可为契机,进一步做好环境监测工作,做到管理更严格、操作更规范、行文更严谨。"县级以上环境保护部门及其所属监测机构出具的监测数据,经省级以上环境保护部门认可的,可以作为证据使用。"根据《最高人民法院最高人民检察院关于办理环境污染刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》(法 相似文献
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环境监测工作主要为环保部门进行环境保护管理和污染源治理提供依据,它所取得的环境数据是否可靠直接影响环境保护工作的成效,因此环境监测工作应从实际出发,建立各种质量保证体系,保证监测结果的准确和可靠,而作为监测工具的监测、分析仪器的管理则是质量保证体系中非常重要的一环。 一、仪器的安装使用环境 相似文献
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环境监测信息化是环境管理现代化、科学化的重要手段之一,因此信息化能力建设是基层环境监测站的一项重要能力建设,提升基层站的信息化应用能力具有十分重要的现实意义和紧迫性。基于当前基层环境监测站信息化能力状况,分析了当前制约基层站信息化能力提升的相关因素,提出了破解这些制约因素的应对策略。如果解决好这些问题,基层环境监测站就可以不断提升信息化能力,拓展新的信息化应用领域,使信息化能更好的服务于基层环境监测工作。 相似文献
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论述了在建立新的社会主义市场经济体制的进程中,监测站要想增强活力,必须走向市场。阐述了监测站走入市场后必奖促进监测事业的发展,提高监测总体技术水平。 相似文献
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《Environmental Science & Policy》2008,11(2):115-124
The demands on monitoring systems have gradually increased, and interpretation of the data is often a matter of controversy. As an example of this, we investigated water quality monitoring and the eutrophication issue in Sweden. Our results demonstrate that powerful statistical tools for trend analysis can reveal flaws in the data and lead to new and revised interpretations of environmental data. In particular, we found strong evidence that long-term trends in measured nutrient concentrations can be more extensively influenced by changes in sampling and laboratory practices than by actual changes in the state of the environment. On a more general level, our findings raise important questions regarding the need for new paradigms for environmental monitoring and assessment. Introduction of a system in which conventional quality assurance is complemented with thorough statistical follow-up of reported values would represent a first step towards recognizing that environmental monitoring and assessment should be transformed from being a system for sampling and laboratory analyses into a system for interpreting information to support policy development. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cleaner Production》2001,9(1):43-55
Monitoring is critical for environmental management. Environmental management decisions are dependent on monitoring; the same holds for reporting for legal purposes and reporting the environmental performance of the company. For improvement-based environmental management, an extensive monitoring system is needed. Such monitoring should be partly physical and partly financial. The core of physical monitoring should consist of materials accounting based on a mass balance of inputs and outputs of plants and measurements of releases. Financial monitoring should be focused on integrating all environmental costs into product costs. The aim of this survey is to find out how and what is actually monitored and why companies are conducting environmental monitoring. To address these issues investigations were carried out using structured interviews in seven large internationally operating companies. We found that legislation is the main reason for monitoring releases. The frequency of monitoring and which materials are monitored are also mainly dependent on legislation. None of the companies in our survey is using the extensive monitoring system needed for improvement-based environmental management. The financial part of the monitoring system was the least developed, but also the physical part showed many deficiencies. High uncertainties are possible in the results of monitoring. The companies studied have no comprehensive policy as to monitoring environmental costs and integrating these costs into product costs. The companies studied are monitoring environmental management system results infrequently. Accounting materials in order to determine a mass balance is not executed by the companies studied. Audits should be part of the monitoring program. All of the companies studied have regular audits. The audits are used mainly by most of the companies to control the working of the environmental management system. 相似文献
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环境监测实验室在监测环境状况的同时,自身已成为一种典型的环境污染源,其环境污染问题已不容忽视。分析了环境监测实验室的主要污染来源及其危害,找出污染产生的原因,并借鉴了国外同类机构的污染治理经验,提出防治环境监测实验室污染的对策。通过提高实验室监测人员的环保意识,建立严格健全的实验室污染物管理制度,推行清洁生产、建设绿色实验室,加强对实验室有机废液的处理,并提高对实验室污染治理的经费投入来解决环境监测实验室的环境污染问题。 相似文献
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生物监测的意义,现状及展望 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
生物监测指利用生物个体,种群或群落对环境污染或变化所产生的反应阐明污染状况为环境质量的监测和评价提供依据。生物监测在国内外正受到越来越多的重视。我国应着重开展发挥生物监测和污染源排放监测中的先导作用,建立生物监测预警系统,研究生物监测与理化监测的关系、制定生物监测指标的环境标准等方面工作。 相似文献
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县(市)级环境监测站开展废气应急监测工作,首先要建立本辖区内完整、详细的废气污染源及潜在风险源的台帐,同时要建立有针对性和操作性的应急监测预案。在应急监测装备的配备上要结合本辖区内的污染情况和自身财力状况均衡考量。在废气应急监测中还要弄清应急监测的目的,注意监测人员的自身防护,不能忽视跟踪监测和应急现场监测后的总结提高等工作。 相似文献