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1.
水氮组合模式对双季稻甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
傅志强  龙攀  刘依依  钟娟  龙文飞 《环境科学》2015,36(9):3365-3372
为给双季稻水肥高效利用调控技术提供理论基础,设置间歇灌溉和淹水灌溉两种灌溉方式,高氮、中氮、低氮和不施氮这4种施肥方式,开展大田小区试验,探讨了水氮组合模式对双季稻CH4和N2O排放的影响.结果表明,间歇灌溉显著降低了CH4积累排放量,与淹水灌溉相比,早晚稻分别降低13.18~87.90 kg·hm-2和74.48~131.07 kg·hm-2,分别减排了24.4%~67.4%和42.5%~66.5%;但促进了N2O排放,早晚稻的增排量分别为0.03~0.24 kg·hm-2和0.35~1.53 kg·hm-2,分别比淹水灌溉增加6.2%~18.3%和40.2%~80.9%.总体上,间歇灌溉降低了稻田温室气体的增温潜势,其中早稻降低了18.8%~58.6%,晚稻降低34.4%~60.1%,两季综合降低2 388~4 151 kg·hm-2(以CO2eq计),下降41%~54%.通过相关分析发现,土壤CH4排放和土壤溶液Eh显著负相关,和溶液CH4浓度显著正相关.与淹水灌溉相比间歇灌溉模式有利于减排CH4,虽增排了N2O,但增温潜势显著减少.综合来看,间歇灌溉配施中氮更有利于双季稻种植.  相似文献   

2.
采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法研究了湖南双季稻稻田不施氮(NN)、当地常规(FP)、高产高效(YE)、再高产(HY)、再高效(HE)5种不同栽培模式下温室气体(CH4、N2O)的排放规律.结果表明:水稻生长季CH4累积排放量变化为(206.5±37.5) kg· hm-2(FP,早稻)~(490.5±65.7) kg·hm-2(HE,晚稻),N2O-N累积排放量变化为(0.08±0.05) kg·hm-2(NN,早稻)~(0.326±0.15) kg·hm-2(HY,晚稻).不同栽培模式对CH4和N2O的排放都有显著影响(p<0.05).HE模式CH4排放显著高于其他模式62%~ 87%(p<0.05),尤其是晚稻季节;除NN模式外,其他4种模式间N2O排放差异不显著.冬季休闲期也是CH4和N2O排放的重要时期,分别占全年排放量的9.7%~19.7%和42%~ 62%.CH4主导了稻田不同栽培模式下的综合温室效应,在各模式中均占95%以上.施氮肥提高了作物产量,降低了温室气体强度(GHGI).在5种模式中,YE和HY模式温室气体强度较小,HY模式下仅为(0.97±0.16) kg·kg-1(以每kg产量排放的CO2当量计).因此,与FP模式相比,YE和HY模式既能提高产量和氮肥利用率,也能减缓温室效应;但HE模式排放的温室气体较高,在实际应用前尚需进一步研究.  相似文献   

3.
黄河上游灌区连作稻田N2O排放特征及影响因素   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
黄河上游灌区高产连作稻田氮肥的过量施用引起土壤氮素盈余,进而导致稻田N2O排放量增大.为了探明水稻连作模式下稻田N2O排放特征及影响因素,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,开展了为期2年的连作水稻田试验研究.试验共设置3个施氮处理,包括常规氮肥300kg.hm-2(N300)、优化氮肥240kg.hm-2(N240)和对照不施氮肥(N0),并在稻田连作的第2年,对N240处理灌溉节水30%.2年连作试验结果表明,水稻生长季稻田N2O排放主要发生在水稻施基肥后及水稻生长的中后期,在稻田灌水泡田后N2O排放速率达最大值.稻田高氮肥(300kg.hm-2)施用显著增加N2O的排放量,优化氮肥(240kg.hm-2)处理可有效降低土壤N2O排放量(p<0.01).水稻生长季稻田淹水状态时N2O排放量极低,稻田灌溉节水会相应增加土壤N2O排放量.土壤温度变化对稻田N2O的生成和排放会产生较大影响,但受稻田肥水管理等因素的影响,温度与N2O排放量相关性不显著.灌区稻田土壤N2O排放通量与田面水NO3--N含量变化及耕层0~40cm土壤NO3--N积累量变化有显著的相关性.稻田连作显著增加了耕层土壤剖面0~40cm土层NO3--N的积累量,耕层土壤NO3--N积累量的增加进而加大了土壤N2O排放的风险.在宁夏黄灌区稻田常规灌水和高氮肥(300kg.hm-2)水平下,2年连作稻田水稻生长季土壤N2O总排放量分别达55.98×104kg.a-1和51.48×104kg.a-1,在100a时间尺度上的全球增温潜势(GWPs)均值为16.02×107kg.hm-2(以CO2计),表明黄灌上游灌区高氮肥施用导致稻田N2O排放量增大,由此引起的增温潜势严重.  相似文献   

4.
黄河上游灌区高产连作稻田氮肥的过量施用引起土壤氮素盈余,进而导致稻田N2O排放量增大.为了探明水稻连作模式下稻田N2O排放特征及影响因素,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,开展了为期2年的连作水稻田试验研究.试验共设置3个施氮处理,包括常规氮肥300kg.hm-2(N300)、优化氮肥240kg.hm-2(N240)和对照不施氮肥(N0),并在稻田连作的第2年,对N240处理灌溉节水30%.2年连作试验结果表明,水稻生长季稻田N2O排放主要发生在水稻施基肥后及水稻生长的中后期,在稻田灌水泡田后N2O排放速率达最大值.稻田高氮肥(300kg.hm-2)施用显著增加N2O的排放量,优化氮肥(240kg.hm-2)处理可有效降低土壤N2O排放量(p〈0.01).水稻生长季稻田淹水状态时N2O排放量极低,稻田灌溉节水会相应增加土壤N2O排放量.土壤温度变化对稻田N2O的生成和排放会产生较大影响,但受稻田肥水管理等因素的影响,温度与N2O排放量相关性不显著.灌区稻田土壤N2O排放通量与田面水NO3--N含量变化及耕层0~40cm土壤NO3--N积累量变化有显著的相关性.稻田连作显著增加了耕层土壤剖面0~40cm土层NO3--N的积累量,耕层土壤NO3--N积累量的增加进而加大了土壤N2O排放的风险.在宁夏黄灌区稻田常规灌水和高氮肥(300kg.hm-2)水平下,2年连作稻田水稻生长季土壤N2O总排放量分别达55.98×104kg.a-1和51.48×104kg.a-1,在100a时间尺度上的全球增温潜势(GWPs)均值为16.02×107kg.hm-2(以CO2计),表明黄灌上游灌区高氮肥施用导致稻田N2O排放量增大,由此引起的增温潜势严重.  相似文献   

5.
双季稻品种根际特征与甲烷排放差异及其关系   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为探讨不同水稻品种间甲烷排放差异形成的机制,选取早晚稻各6个品种为供试材料进行大田试验,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法测定CH4气体.结果表明,早晚稻甲烷排放通量品种间差异显著,全生育甲烷排放通量均值湘早籼24号最高,株两优819最低,相差34. 6%;晚稻种,T优15最高,资优299最低,相差33. 9%.不同双季稻品种间甲烷排放量、单位产量温室效应差异显著.早稻品种的CH4累计排放量介于198. 3~303. 44 kg·hm-2之间,排放量最低是株两优819;单位产量温室效应介于0. 67~1. 40 kg·kg~(-1)之间,陆两优996最低.晚稻品种的CH4累计排放量明显高于早稻,介于291. 93~388. 28kg·hm-2之间,资优299最低;单位产量温室效应介于0. 94~1. 68 kg·kg~(-1)之间,Y两优1号最低.稻田甲烷排放与水稻产量、根冠比、根系孔隙度、土壤溶液Eh值、甲烷浓度、可溶性碳浓度及铵态氮浓度的相关性均达到显著或极显著水平.双季稻品种甲烷排放与水稻根冠比及根孔隙度关系密切,降低早稻品种根系孔隙度或者根冠比可减排甲烷,而晚稻品种则与早稻相反;根际土壤溶液碳氮浓度的降低和Eh值的提高也可减少甲烷的排放.  相似文献   

6.
氮肥施用对紫色土-玉米根系系统N2O排放的影响   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10  
通过不同施氮水平与不同氮肥品种2个田间试验,结合静态箱-气相色谱法研究了川中丘陵区2005年5~9月石灰性紫色土-玉米根系系统的N2O排放变化.结果表明:1)施用氮肥显著地增加了N2O排放,在3个施氮水平下(0、150和250 kg·hm-2),N2O排放总量分别为0.88、2.19和2.52 kg·hm-2;施氮量越高,N2O排放量也越高.当施氮量超过一定水平后,施肥量高低对N2O排放总量的影响并不显著.由氮肥施用引起的N2O排放量占施氮量的0.87%(150 kg·hm-2)和0.66%(250 kg·hm-2).2)氮肥品种显著影响N2O排放,尿素(酰胺态氮肥)和硫酸铵(铵态氮肥)处理的N2O排放量分别为2.09和1.80 kg·hm-2,显著高于硝酸钾(硝态氮肥)处理(1.27 kg·hm-2),三者排放量分别占施氮量的0·80%、0.60%和0.27%.3)降雨是玉米生长季N2O排放的主要影响因子,而无机氮则是影响N2O排放的主要限制因子.  相似文献   

7.
不同稻秆处理方式下双季稻温室气体排放通量研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
通过田间试验研究了不同稻秆处理方式下(常规处理(移出稻田+NPK),直接还田(RS)+NPK,原位焚烧还田(BIS)+NPK)双季稻温室气体排放.结果表明,相对于常规处理,RS+NPK处理显著增加CH4排放与减少N2O排放,BIS+NPK处理降低水稻生长季稻田CH4;RS+NPK和BIS+NPK处理稻田N2O排放差异并不显著(P>0.05);早、晚稻秸秆焚烧过程中产生的CH4与焚烧处理田间CH4排放相当,焚烧过程产生的N2O分别为BIS+NPK处理早、晚稻生长季N2O排放总量的90.1%和53.4%,贡献极大.不同处理温室效应表现为RS+NPK>NPK>BIS+NPK,单位产量的温室效应表现为秸秆直接还田处理最高,秸秆原位焚烧处理最低.  相似文献   

8.
以湖南典型红壤双季稻田系统为研究对象,采用静态箱-气相色谱法研究了水稻生长季基肥配施猪粪条件下CH4和N2O的排放特征,并估算了排放的CH4和N2O的全球增温潜势(GWP).结果表明,与施用化肥处理相比,猪粪化肥配施对稻田CH4和N2O排放的季节变化模式无明显影响,但影响其排放量大小.两个稻季,猪粪替代50%化学氮肥处理(1/2N+PM)CH4累积排放量较不施氮肥处理(0N)、50%化学氮肥处理(1/2N)、100%化学氮肥处理(N)分别提高54.83%、33.85%和43.30%(P<0.05);1/2N+PM处理N2O累积排放量较N处理显著降低67.50%,较0N处理、1/2N处理分别提高129.43%、119.23%(P<0.05).水稻生长季CH4是GWP的主要贡献者,占CH4和N2O综合GWP的99%以上.1/2N+PM处理的GWP显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),且1/2N+PM处理单位产量GWP最高,较N处理、1/2N处理、0N处理分别提高58.21%、26.82%、20.63%.因此,双季稻田猪粪替代部分化学氮肥较全部施用化学氮肥增加了双季稻田CH4和N2O排放的综合温室效应,其对温室气体排放的影响需在区域温室气体排放清单中加以考虑.  相似文献   

9.
以南方稻区不同轮作模式为研究对象,采用静态箱-气相色谱法研究水稻-油菜轮作处理的甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)排放特征,并估算稻田增温潜势(GWP)和温室气体排放强度(GHGI).结果表明,双季稻田、一季中(晚)稻田、油菜地和休闲地CH4平均排放量分别为135.25,55.64、5.05和1.89 kg ·hm-2,稻季CH4排放占不同轮作周年CH4排放的91.8%~98.5%,稻田土壤水溶性有机碳与CH4排放呈显著正相关,常规晚稻稻田CH4排放比杂交晚稻高18.7%(P<0.05);双季稻田、一季中(晚)稻田、油菜地和休闲地N2O平均排放量分别为0.94、0.64、1.38和0.24 kg ·hm-2,油菜地的N2O排放占周年排放的57.2%~70.2%,双季稻和一季稻处理的冬闲农田N2O排放占周年排放的17.8%和30.6%,杂交稻和常规稻稻田N2O排放无显著性差异;双季稻-冬闲和双季稻-油菜的GWP处理高于稻-油和稻-冬闲处理,稻季排放CH4的GWP占轮作周年GWP排放的71.2%~90.9%;GHGI以稻-稻-油菜最高,稻-油和稻-冬闲处理较低,综合环境效益和经济效益,建议南方稻区选择杂交晚稻-油菜的种植模式,有利于南方多熟制稻田的温室气体减排.  相似文献   

10.
有机肥及补充灌溉对旱地农田温室气体排放的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
在农业生产中,提高作物产量减少农田温室气体排放具有重要意义.本文采用静态箱-气相色谱法,在黄土高原半干旱半湿润区,以单施氮肥180 kg·hm~(-2)(以N计)为对照,研究了氮肥180 kg·hm~(-2)+有机肥45×103kg·hm~(-2)(NM)、氮肥180 kg·hm~(-2)+有机肥45×103kg·hm~(-2)+拔节期灌水(NMW)处理在冬小麦生育期温室气体的变化规律及其综合增温潜势(Global warming potential,GWP),并计算温室气体排放强度(Greenhouse gas intensity,GHGI),以明确有机肥及补充灌溉的增产潜力及对温室气体的减排效果.结果表明:(1)整个生育期CO_2排放速率随作物生长发育的加速而逐渐加快,接近成熟期其排放速率降低;N_2O排放峰均出现在施肥、降雨及灌水后.NM、NMW处理的CO_2累积排放量(以C计,下同)分别为14933.35 kg·hm~(-2)、15929.74 kg·hm~(-2),比对照分别增加了22.8%、31.0%;N_2O累积排放量(以N计,下同)分别为0.48kg·hm~(-2)、0.52 kg·hm~(-2),比对照分别降低了23.8%、17.5%;CH4累积吸收量分别为1.73 kg·hm~(-2)、1.87 kg·hm~(-2),比对照分别降低了18.4%、11.8%.(2)CH4吸收速率与土壤温度呈显著性正相关,而与土壤含水量呈显著性负相关;CO_2排放速率与土壤温度及含水量均呈显著性正相关;N_2O排放速率与土壤温度、含水量及硝态氮含量均呈显著性正相关,与铵态氮含量呈负相关.(3)NM、NMW处理的GWP比对照分别降低了27.8%、21.2%;NM、NMW均显著增加了小麦产量,增产率分别为24.6%、36.7%.NM、NMW的GHGI比对照分别降低了41.9%、42.4%.说明在施用有机肥及有机肥加补充灌水在增加作物产量的同时,达到了温室气体减排的作用.  相似文献   

11.
Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone (BP 1,6- quinone), trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP 7,8-diol), 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBP), were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that (1) the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; (2) the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; (3) the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% (w/v), concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.  相似文献   

12.
Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.  相似文献   

13.
Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity (both in gene richness and diversity index values) and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor (50 mg/kg) recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos (150 mg/kg) caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes (bands) responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals: four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.  相似文献   

14.
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.  相似文献   

15.
Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels (behavior, sublethal, lethal). In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints (acute, chronic, behavioral). Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In the present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides.  相似文献   

16.
Bottled water may not be safer, or healthier, than tap water. The present studies have proved that styrene and some other aromatic compounds leach continuously from polystyrene (PS) bottles used locally for packaging. Water sapmles in contact with PS were extracted by a preconcentration technique called as "purge and trap" and analysed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Eleven aromatic compounds were identified in these studies. Maximum concentration of styrene in PS bottles was 29.5 μg/L. Apart from styrene, ethyl benzene, toluene and benzene were also quantified but their concentrations were much less than WHO guide line values. All other compounds were in traces. Quality of plastic and storage time were the major factor in leaching of styrene. Concentration of styrene was increased to 69.53 μg/L after one-year storage. In Styrofoam and PS cups studies, hot water was found to be contaminated with styrene and other aromatic compounds. It was observed that temperature played a major role in the leaching of styrene monomer from Styrofoam cups. Paper cups were found to be safe for hot drinks.  相似文献   

17.
In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato (Solanum tuberosum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena), for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.  相似文献   

18.
UNITANK is a biological wastewater treatment process that combines the advantages of traditional activated sludge process and sequencing batch reactor, which is divided into Tank A, B and C. In this study, the sludge distribution and its impact on performance of UNITANK were carried out in Liede Wastewater Plant (WWTP) of Guangzhou, China. Results showed that there was a strong affiliation between Tank A and B of the system in sludge concentration distribution. The initial sludge concentration in Tank A could present the sludge distribution of the whole system. The sludge distribution was mainly influenced by hydraulic condition. Unsteady sludge distribution had an impact on variations of substrates in reactors, especially in decisive reactor, and this could lead to failure of system. Settler could partially remove substrates such as COD and NO3-N, but there was adventure of sludge deterioration. The rational initial sludge concentration in Tank A should be 4000-6000 mg/L MLSS.  相似文献   

19.
RemovalofheavymetalsfromsewagesludgebylowcostingchemicalmethodandrecyclinginagricultureWuQitang,NyirandegePascasie,MoCehuiF...  相似文献   

20.
Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.  相似文献   

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