蒙脱石对Pb^2＋的吸附行为特征实验研究

利用批实验方法在293 K下研究了蒙脱石时水溶液中Pb2+的吸附行为.对吸附平衡时间、溶液酸碱度和初始浓度等吸附条件进行了研宛.对实验数据分别采用Langmuir,Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)等温吸附模型进行了拟合,结果表明Langmuir吸附等温方程拟合效果最好,相关系数R为0.998 9.通过Langmuir等温吸附模型得出在293 K时,蒙脱石对铅离子的理论饱和吸附容量为133 mg/g.通过D-R等温吸附模型得到吸附自由能为2.43 kJ/mol,表明此吸附过程主要为物理吸附.利用准二级动力学方程拟合实验数据得到了相关系数为1.     

壳聚糖吸附酸性大红及Cu2+对吸附的增强作用

采用壳聚糖去除水中酸性大红,对壳聚糖吸附酸性大红的动力学、热力学以及溶液pH、盐浓度、外来Cu2+对吸附的影响进行了研究.准二级吸附动力模型、Langmuir、Freundlich及Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R)方程分别用来对吸附动力学和等温线进行分析.结果表明,酸性大红在壳聚糖上的吸附是一个化学吸附控制的准二级动力学过程.Langmuir、Freundlich和D-R方程都能较好地描述吸附等温线.溶液pH和温度对吸附有较大影响,而氯化钠浓度对吸附的影响较小.对吸附热力函数的计算结果显示ΔH0<0,表明吸附是一个放热过程.由D-R方程计算的吸附自由能E为9.5~10.7 kJ.mol-1,表明吸附过程为离子交换化学吸附.Cu2+对吸附的影响结果显示Cu2+能显著提高壳聚糖对酸性大红的吸附容量,另外建立了Cu2+浓度与吸附量增加之间的数学模型.     

近海沉积物对粪固醇的等温吸附和热力学研究

采用大连湾近海表层沉积物为吸附剂,粪固醇为吸附质,通过批量平衡法,研究了近海沉积物对12种粪固醇的吸附行为.结果表明,12种粪固醇在24 h吸附达到平衡后,5种粪固醇的指纹值变化趋于稳定;用Henry、Freundlich、Langumir、Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R模型)、Temkin这5种等温吸附模型来拟合,其中Langumir模型不适合拟合沉积物对粪固醇的吸附数据,其他4种模型均能较好地拟合.D-R模型拟合效果表明,12种粪固醇的吸附平均自由能在7 071.1～9 128.7 J.mol-1之间,12种粪固醇的吸附过程主要是物理吸附的作用.Temkin模型拟合效果表明,加氢胆固酮(Kf=8.89×106)的Kf值最大,说明沉积物吸附加氢胆固酮之间的作用最大,加氢胆固酮更容易被吸附.热力学参数吸附焓ΔH0<0,熵变ΔS0<0,ΔG0<0呈现出放热反应,自发过程的特征.     

柚皮基活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附作用及影响因素

利用ZnCl_2活化法制备的柚皮基活性炭(GAC)处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水,研究了pH、投加量、吸附时间、初始浓度和温度对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的影响。吸附等温实验数据拟合显示,与Freundlich相比,吸附等温线更符合Langmuir和Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)方程。25、35和45℃时,GAC的单分子层吸附量分别为119.54、132.80、和145.47 mg/g,吸附自由能分别为9.93、17.72和20.82 k J/mol。吸附动力学研究显示:准二级动力学、颗粒内扩散和Bangham模型可以描述GAC吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的反应过程,吸附以化学吸附为主,过程受膜扩散和颗粒内扩散共同控制。     

改性粉煤灰去除水中磺胺抗生素吸附条件优化及热力学研究

采用Box-Behnken响应面分析法对改性粉煤灰去除水中磺胺的影响因素(初始pH值、温度、吸附剂用量)进行优化,建立影响因素与磺胺去除率之间的二次多项式预测模型,并进行热力学分析。结果表明,改性粉煤灰吸附磺胺的最佳条件为:初始pH值2.53、温度35.1℃及吸附剂用量1.76 g/L,在此优化条件下,磺胺的去除率可达78.63%,模型预测值为80.26%,实际值与模型预测值仅偏差1.63%;用Langmuir和Freundlich方程对吸附等温线进行拟合,Langmuir方程拟合结果更好,其最大吸附量为4.1 mg/g,表明改性粉煤灰对磺胺的吸附属于单分子层吸附;改性粉煤灰吸附水中磺胺抗生素的热力学状态函数ΔG、ΔH及ΔS分别为-22.38~-23.89 kJ/mol、7.89 kJ/mol和0.105 kJ/(mol·K),即吸附过程是一个自发、吸热的反应,是熵增加的过程。     

粉煤灰对硝基苯的吸附：动力学和热力学研究

作者在298、308和318 K下,利用动力学、等温线模型和吸附热力学研究了粉煤灰对水溶液中硝基苯的吸附过程。结果表明:此吸附过程更符合拟二级动力学模型,受边界层扩散和粒内扩散共同控制;吸附活化能(Ea)为27.75 kJ/mol;此吸附过程较符合Sips和Langmuir模型,吸附性能良好;吸附热力学参数分别为?G~0(-1.225～-2.760 kJ/mol)<0、00,显示此吸附为自发吸热过程。结合动力学模型、活化能、等温线模型和热力学参数,得出粉煤灰对硝基苯的吸附是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用。     

腐殖酸对苯并三唑的吸附动力学及热力学研究

HA(腐殖酸)是土壤和沉积物中有机质的重要组成部分,能在很大程度上影响有机污染物的环境行为和毒理效应.采用批量平衡法研究了BT(苯并三唑)在HA上的吸附动力学、等温吸附和吸附热力学等内容,结果表明:拟二级动力学能较好地描述BT在HA上的吸附行为,吸附过程分为快速吸附阶段和慢速吸附阶段,但主要以快速吸附为主;0~40 min为快速吸附阶段,吸附总量占平衡吸附量的89.0%以上.吸附等温线较好地符合Freundlich模型,R2均在0.999 6以上.初始ρ(BT)为300.0 mgL时,温度由288.15 K升至308.15 K,吸附量从15.70 gkg降至11.58 gkg,减少了26.24%.此外,ΔH0(吸附焓变)为-30.19kJmol,说明吸附过程为放热反应;ΔG0(吉布斯自由能变)小于零,说明反应是自发的.吸附反应的Ea(活化能)为19.35 kJmol,表明吸附属于物理吸附.     

芳香族化合物在XAD-4上吸附机理的研究

通过批量吸附实验考查了7种芳香族化合物在XAD-4上的吸附热力学行为.结果表明,在实验条件下,Freundlich方程能很好地拟合这7种化合物在XAD-4上的等温吸附数据,且都为优惠吸附,吸附能力均随着温度的升高而降低.结合7种化合物的分子结构描述符和Freundlich方程的吸附平衡常数,建立了QSPR模型,较高的可决系数R2(0.991)、去一法交互检验可决系数R2CV(0.985)和外部预测集交互检验系数Q2ext(0.994)表明,该模型具有较高的稳定性能和预测能力.模型结果表明,水杨酸等7种芳香族化合物在XAD-4上的Freundlich吸附平衡常数与溶质疏水性能呈正比关系,与温度、溶质分子极性和溶质分子的氢键酸度常数呈反比关系.     

狼尾草根系分泌物对黑土吸附阿特拉津的影响研究

采用批量平衡试验方法,研究狼尾草根系分泌物对黑土吸附阿特拉津的影响.结果用Evolich方程(R2>0.97)和准二级动力学模型(R2>0.99)进行拟合,两者都表现出较好拟合度.用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程描述土壤吸附阿特拉津的过程,其中,Freundlich方程拟合结果较好(R2>0.91),而Langmuir方程中R2<0.60,加入狼尾草根系分泌物后,吸附平衡常数Kf明显减小,参数1/n增大到1左右,属于较难吸附,表明狼尾草根系分泌物对阿特拉津可能有抑制作用,且根系分泌物浓度不同,影响程度不同.     

新型环糊精聚合物对Zn2+的吸附研究

以β-环糊精(β-CD)和聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)为原料,合成了新型环糊精聚合物(PAMAM-CD),并用元素分析、扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对其进行了表征.提出了PAMAM-CD与Zn2+最可能的5种配位方式,研究了PAMAM-CD对Zn2+的吸附动力学及等温吸附特性.结果表明:吸附平衡时间为300min,最佳pH值为5~6.5,吸附量达0.78mmol/g.吸附过程符合伪二级动力学模型,速率控制步骤为粒内扩散控制,吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型.在288,298,303,308K时,ΔG分别为-2.139,-2.417,-2.188和-2.218 kJ/mol,表明PAMAM-CD对Zn2+的吸附是一个自发过程.     

Biosorption of cesium（Ⅰ） from aqueous solution by a novel exopolymers secreted from Pseudomonas fluorescens C-2： Equilibrium and kinetic studies

The biosorption characteristics of Cs(I) ions from aqueous solution using exopolymers (PFC02) produced from Pseudomonas fluorescens C-2 were investigated as a function of pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time and initial concentration. pH played a major role in the adsorption process, and the optimum pH for the removal of Cs(I) was 8.0. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherm of the Cs(I) ions by PFC02. The Lagergren first-order, pseudo second-order kinetic and intraparticle diffusion models were used to test the kinetic data. Langmuir model and D-R model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm. The monolayer adsorption capacities of PFC02 as obtained from Langmuir isotherm at 25°C was found to be 32.63 mg/g. From the D-R isotherm model, the mean free energy was calculated as 26.73 kJ/mol, indicating that the biosorption of cesium was chemisorption. The biosorption process was rapid, and the kinetic rates were best fitted to the pseudo second-order model, which indicated the biosorption process operated through chemisorption mechanism. FT-IR analysis of PFC02 showed the possible functional groups responsible for cesium adsorption were hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl and sulphonate groups. SEM analysis showed the porous structure of the material while EDX analysis confirmed the adsorption of Cs(I) on PFC02. Cesium adsorbed onto the PFC02 could be desorbed efficiently using 1 mol/L HNO3, and the enrichment factor was 50.0. Furthermore, PFC02 could be reused five times with only about 8.25% regeneration loss. The developed method was successfully utilized for the removal of Cs(I) ions from aqueous solution.     

Statistical optimization of adsorption processes for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol by activated carbon derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches

The adsorption capacity of activated carbon produced from oil palm empty fruit bunches through removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solution was carried out in the laboratory. The activated carbon was produced by thermal activation of activation time with 30 min at 800℃. The adsorption process conditions were determined with the statistical optimization followed by central composite design. A developed polynomial model for operating conditions of adsorption process indicated that the optimum conditions for maximum adsorption of phenolic compound were： agitation rate of 100 r/min, contact time of 8 h, initial adsorbate concentration of 250 mg/L and pH 4. Adsorption isotherms were conducted to evaluate biosorption process. Langmuir isotherm was more favorable （R^2=0.93） for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol by the activated carbon rather than Freundlich isotherm （R^2=0.88）.     

壳聚糖吸附溴酚蓝的动力学及热力学研究

研究了pH值、时间及温度对壳聚糖吸附溴酚蓝的影响.结果表明,pH值是影响壳聚搪吸附溴酚蓝的重要因素,适宜pH值范围是3.2～5;初始吸附过程非常快,30 min时即达到最大吸附量的97%左右,其动力学行为更好地符合Lagergren准二级反应动力学模型,随着温度增加,平衡吸附量减少.吸附过程的表观活化能(Ea)为4.3...     

阴离子交换树脂对水杨酸的吸附与解吸性能

研究了714阴离子交换树脂对水中水杨酸的吸附与解吸性能,探讨了吸附的热力学和动力学特性.结果表明,树脂在pH=4～12时,吸附能力最好.等温吸附遵循Freundlich和Langmuir吸附平衡模型,为优惠吸附过程.在298～318K条件下,水杨酸吸附量为100～120mg/g的吸附焓变为-23.4-21.6kJ/mo...     

Thermodynamics and kinetics of cadmium adsorption onto oxidized granular activated carbon

Cadmium sorption behavior of granular activated carbon oxidized with nitric acid was systematically studied by sets of the equilibrium and time-based experiments under various conditions.The cadmium adsorption capacity of oxidized granular activated carbon enlarged with an increase in pH,and reduced with an increase in ionic strength.Experimental data were evaluated to find out kinetic characteristics.Adsorption processes were found to follow pseudo-second order rate equation.Adsorption isotherms correlate well with the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum sorption capacity of cadmium evaluated is 51.02μmol/g.Thermodynamic parameters were calculated based on Van't Hoff equation.Equilibrium constant Kd was evaluated from Freundlich isotherm model constants,Langmnir isotherm model constants,and isotherms,respectively.The average change of standard adsorption heatΔH~0 was -25.29 kJ/mol.NegativeΔH~0 andΔG~0 values indicate the adsorption process for cadmium onto the studied activated carbon is exothermic and spontaneous.The standard entropyΔS~0 was also negative,which suggests a decrease in the freedom of the system.     

Kinetics and isotherms of Neutral Red adsorption on peanut husk

Adsorption of Neutral Red (NR) onto peanut husk in aqueous solutions was investigated at 295 K. Experiments were carried out as function of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentration. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Toth isotherm models. The results indicated that the Toth and Langmuir models provided the best correlation of the experimental data. The adsorption capacity of peanut husk for the removal of NR was deter...     

四钛酸钾晶须对亚甲基蓝吸附性能研究

利用四钛酸钾晶须作为吸附剂,研究了亚甲基蓝在其上的吸附行为,考察了吸附体系pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间对其吸附效果的影响.实验结果表明,四钛酸钾晶须对亚甲基蓝有较强的吸附力,得到的吸附等温线能较好的符合Freundlich方程,其R2都能达到0.991以上,吸附动力学可以用拟二级动力学模型描述.在碱性范围内四钛酸钾晶须...