Photocatalytic degradation of dichlorvos using TiO2 supported on hollow glass microbeads

In this paper, a method for TiO₂ supported on hollow glass microbeads was described and the feasibility of photocatalytic degradation of dichlorvos using supported TiO₂(TiO₂/beads) was studied. The results showed that 1.0×10^-4 mol.dm^-3 of dichlovos could be completely photocatalytically degraded into PO₄^3- after 120 min illumination with a 375 W medium pressure mercury lamp. The effects of the amount of TiO₂/beads and concentration of Cu²⁺ on the photocatalytic degradation were also investigated. Some intemediate products of photocatalytic degradation of dichlorvos were detected.     

TiO2-石墨烯（Gn）复合材料光催化降解O3研究

通过改性Hummer法及溶胶凝胶法,制备出TiO2-石墨烯光催化复合材料.经吸附-光催化活性实验选出光催化活性最高的含C量为1.5%(质量分数)的TiO2-石墨烯复合材料,并在自行设计的模拟大型客机环境的气相光催化反应器中,进行O3光催化降解实验研究.结果表明,TiO2-石墨烯复合光催化材料在较短时间内对O3有较高的降解效率,且其光催化活性显著优于纯TiO2材料.初始O3浓度为(0.150～0.200)×10-6时,复合光催化剂受紫外光激发60 min的光催化降解率为66.12%,初始O3浓度为(0.950～1.000)×10-6时,其光催化降解率约为77%,较低浓度时((0.100～0.150)×10-6),O3去除率也能达到45.45%.此外,通过探讨光催化材料的重复使用性能,表明复合光催化剂重复使用4次以内,其对O3的光催化降解率保持基本稳定.     

光催化降解有机磷农药的研究

研究以ＴｉＯ２粉末作为光催化剂,光降解３种不同结构的有机磷农药的可行性。结果表明,有机磷农药结构不同其光降解率不同;浓度１．０×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的４种有机磷农药,３７５Ｗ中压汞灯照射４０ｍｉｎ有机磷将完全转变为无机磷,并检测出人效磷农药催化降解的部分中间产物。研究光催化剂ＴｉＯ２的用量、空气流量、外加Ｆｅ３＋浓度对光催化降解的影响,并初步探讨了机理。     

玻璃载体TiO2薄层光催化降解久效磷农药

研究了利用TiO₂薄层光催化降解久效磷农药的可行性。结果表明,0.65×10-4mol/L的久效磷经375W中压汞灯照射60min,被完全光催化降解至PO₄3-;加入微量的Fe3++或H2O2可提高久效磷农药的光解率;另外还研究了TiO₂薄层的附着量、反应液初始pH值、空气流量等因素对光催化降解的影响。光照80 h,TiO₂的光催化活性没有减弱,可连续使用。      

WC/TiO2纳米复合界面光催化剂制备及其光催化降解酚类污染物研究

设计并制备了新型WC/TiO2纳米复合界面光催化剂应用于酚类污染物的光催化降解反应中.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术分析了WC/TiO2纳米复合界面光催化剂的晶型和表面形貌.结果显示锐钛矿型TiO2纳米颗粒均匀地分散在WC纳米球表面并很好地构筑了WC/TiO2界面.研究了不同WC负载比例的WC/TiO2光催化剂在模拟太阳光照射下降解苯酚的光催化性能.结果表明:WC/TiO2复合界面的形成可以有效地提高TiO2光催化降解性能;其中,3%WC/TiO2(质量分数)光催化降解苯酚的活性最高.利用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)和高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS)分析了WC/TiO2纳米复合界面光催化剂降解苯酚的中间产物,提出了苯酚在WC/TiO2界面上可能的降解机理.     

Tricrystalline TiO2 with enhanced photocatalytic activity and durability for removing volatile organic compounds from indoor air

It is important to develop efficient and economic techniques for removing volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in indoor air. Heterogeneous Ti O_2-based semiconductors are a promising technology for achieving this goal. Anatase/brookite/rutile tricrystalline Ti O_2 with mesoporous structure was synthesized by a low-temperature hydrothermal route in the presence of HNO_3.The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and N_2 adsorption–desorption isotherm. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic decomposition of toluene in air under UV light illumination. The results show that tricrystalline Ti O_2 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity and durability toward gaseous toluene than bicrystalline Ti O_2,due to the synergistic effects of high surface area, uniform mesoporous structure and junctions among mixed phases. The tricrystalline Ti O_2 prepared at R HNO_3= 0.8, containing80.7% anatase, 15.6% brookite and 3.7% rutile, exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity,about 3.85-fold higher than that of P25. The high activity did not significantly degrade even after five reuse cycles. In conclusion, it is expected that our study regarding gas-phase degradation of toluene over tricrystalline Ti O_2 will enrich the chemistry of the Ti O_2-based materials as photocatalysts for environmental remediation and stimulate further research interest on this intriguing topic.     

TiO2光催化联合技术降解苯酚机制及动力学

主要研究了TiO2光催化体系结合H2O2或外加电催化(EC)体系对苯酚催化降解效率的影响,评价比较TiO2/UV、H2O2/UV、TiO2/UV/H2O2、TiO2/UV/EC体系下苯酚降解机制及动力学.结果表明,TiO2/UV/H2O2和TiO2/UV/EC体系下苯酚降解效率明显高于TiO2/UV体系,当苯酚溶液pH值为6,TiO2质量浓度0.2 g·L-1,紫外光照2 h,光催化降解效果达到86%,当电流密度为12 mA·cm-2,则苯酚可达到100%去除.比较了不同催化体系下的能量利用率,苯酚降解15 min,TiO2/UV/EC体系能量利用率最大为0.030 6 g·(kW·h)-1,其能量消耗为0.0640 kW·h-1,说明采用TiO2/UV/EC体系能更多地利用能量降解苯酚.通过不同催化体系下中间产物分析,建立苯酚及其中间产物对苯二酚、邻苯二酚和苯醌的拟一级降解动力学模型,通过模型验证各催化体系下苯酚的降解历程,同时也说明了TiO2/UV/EC体系有利于苯酚及其中间产物的降解.     

RGO/TiO2光催化降解2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸研究

通过Hummers法及紫外光/热还原工艺制得还原氧化石墨烯(RGO),采用溶胶-凝胶-煅烧法,以RGO和钛酸酊脂为前驱体制备出RGO/TiO2光催化复合材料,并利用XRD、FT-IR等对其进行了表征.对RGO/TiO2光催化降解性能的研究发现,复合光催化剂RGO/TiO2对2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)的光催化降解活性显著优于纯TiO2,并且发现负载量和pH值对光催化降解性能有较大的影响:RGO/TiO2投加量为1.2g·L~(-1)、RGO负载量2%、pH为3、初始浓度为50 mg·L~(-1)反应12 h,2,4-D去除率达到98.75%;2,4-D降解率随着RGO/TiO2投加量的增大先增大后减小;RGO/TiO2对2,4-D的降解为脱氯还原和催化氧化过程,产生氯酚、苯酚等中间产物.     

Ce/TiO2/g-C3N4异质结的制备及光催化降解PFOA反应机制

采用溶胶凝胶-超声混合法制备了铈/二氧化钛/石墨相氮化碳（Ce/TiO₂/g-C₃N₄）异质结催化剂，通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X-射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）和紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-Vis）等表征了复合材料的结构、晶相、活性基团和光吸收性能，并考察了可见光下该催化剂对模拟全氟辛酸（PFOA）废水的降解效果.结果表明，Ce/TiO₂/g-C₃N₄分散性好，粒径小于20 nm，金属Ce的掺入及TiO₂/g-C₃N₄异质结的生成，有效抑制了光生电子和空穴对的复合，使复合光催化剂禁带宽度减小，光吸收范围增大，光催化性能得到明显提升.在pH值为2，PFOA浓度为4 mg·L^-1，催化剂投加量为1 g·L^-1的条件下，可见光照射180 min后，可降解94.4%的PFOA，脱氟率为38.6%.降解过程符合准一级反应动力学，速率常数为0.522 h^-1.通过HPLC-MS分析降解产物，同时结合氟元素物料平衡的计算结果，认为降解机制主要是以阴离子形式存在的PFOA吸附至表面带有大量正电荷的催化剂表面后，在光生空穴和活性自由基的作用下，以自由基机理逐步脱去CF₂生成短链的PFCAs，同时生成氟离子.     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of fish scale loaded TiO2 composites under solar light irradiation

Fish scale (FS) loaded TiO₂ composites were investigated as photocatalysts in degradation of Methyl Orange under solar light irradiation. Composites were prepared through sol-gel method by varying mass ratio of TiO₂/FS at 90:10, 70:30 and 50:50, respectively. The catalysts prepared in this study were characterized by using XRD, SEM, FT-IR and nitrogen sorption. The effects of solar irradiation, mass ratio of TiO₂/FS composites, irradiation time and catalyst loadings were studied. Synergistic effect was found in TiO₂/FS of 90:10 composite which performed higher photocatalytic degradation than synthesized TiO₂ under solar light irradiation. However, further increasing fish scale content in the composites reduced the photocatalytic activity drastically. Under solar light irradiation, all the catalysts in this study exhibited photocatalytic activity, except TiO₂/FS of 50:50 composite that only acted as a weak biosorbent without performing any photocatalytic property. Photocatalytic degradation increased with increasing catalyst loading and irradiation time but decreased with increased of initial dye concentration.     

Tricrystalline TiO2 with enhanced photocatalytic activity and durability for removing volatile organic compounds from indoor air

It is important to develop efficient and economic techniques for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air. Heterogeneous TiO₂-based semiconductors are a promising technology for achieving this goal. Anatase/brookite/rutile tricrystalline TiO₂ with mesoporous structure was synthesized by a low-temperature hydrothermal route in the presence of HNO₃. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherm. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic decomposition of toluene in air under UV light illumination. The results show that tricrystalline TiO₂ exhibited higher photocatalytic activity and durability toward gaseous toluene than bicrystalline TiO₂, due to the synergistic effects of high surface area, uniform mesoporous structure and junctions among mixed phases. The tricrystalline TiO₂ prepared at R_HNO3 = 0.8, containing 80.7% anatase, 15.6% brookite and 3.7% rutile, exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, about 3.85-fold higher than that of P25. The high activity did not significantly degrade even after five reuse cycles. In conclusion, it is expected that our study regarding gas-phase degradation of toluene over tricrystalline TiO₂ will enrich the chemistry of the TiO₂-based materials as photocatalysts for environmental remediation and stimulate further research interest on this intriguing topic.     

TiO2-PW9复合催化剂光催化降解游离氰

采用水热法制备了二氧化钛(TiO_2)与三缺位磷钨酸钠(Na_8H[β-A-PW_9O_(34)]·24H_2O)共价结合形成的TiO_2-PW_9复合催化剂,并对其光催化降解游离氰(CN~-)的效果进行了研究.NMR和XPS等表征结果证明,Na_8H[β-A-PW_9O_(34)]·24H_2O(简写为Na-PW_9)已成功负载于TiO_2上.光电化学表征结果表明,Na-PW_9的引入可有效提高TiO_2的界面电荷转移.光催化实验结果表明,与单独TiO_2相比,TiO_2-PW_9的光催化活性有明显提高.同时,探究了初始CN~-浓度和催化剂投加量对CN~-去除的影响.结果表明,当初始CN~-浓度为0.3 mmol·L~(-1)、催化剂投加量为1 g·L~(-1)时,复合催化剂的光催化活性最佳,反应150 min后,CN~-的去除率达到81%.CN~-的氧化产物分析结果表明,氰酸根(CNO~-)是CN~-氧化的唯一产物.自由基淬灭实验和电子自旋共振(ESR)波谱分析结果表明,~1O_2是反应体系中的主要活性氧物种.本实验可为多功能催化材料的开发及其在含氰废水污染控制领域的应用提供参考.     

In_2TiO_5纳米带的静电纺丝法制备及光催化性能

以酞酸丁酯(Ti(OC_4H_9)_4)、硝酸铟(In(NO3)3)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP-K30)为原料,采用静电纺丝技术制备了In_2TiO_5纳米带.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)和氮气吸附-脱附等温线(BET)等技术对样品进行了表征.考察了In_2TiO_5纳米带在光催化降解罗丹明B(RhB)、甲基橙(MO)、亚甲基蓝(MB)和左氧氟沙星(LEV)过程中的应用性能,研究了不同离子型物质、溶液的pH和MB起始浓度对In_2TiO_5纳米带光催化活性的影响.结果表明:In_2TiO_5纳米带具有正交晶系结构,禁带宽度为3.47 eV,比表面积为20.71 m~2·g~(-1),可应用于4种不同离子型物质的光催化降解,发现光催化效果与被降解物质的表面带电性质有关.在紫外光照射下,90 min,对MB的降解率达98.1%,其降解过程服从一级动力学模型.     

钯掺TiO2光催化降解全氟辛酸

全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA)以其分布广泛性、生物蓄积性、生物毒性强而成为全球关注的一种新型持久性有机污染物.采用化学还原法制备钯掺二氧化钛(Pd-Ti O2)催化剂,利用XRD、FESEM、UV-vis DRS对催化剂进行表征,并考察其在365 nm紫外光照射下对PFOA的光催化降解效果.结果表明,化学还原的制备方法使Ti O2粒径减小、比表面积增大且对紫外光的吸收性能增大,但并不引起PFOA光催化效果的改变.而Pd掺杂后大大增强了PFOA的降解效果,反应7 h后溶液中氟离子浓度为6.62 mg·L-1,是Ti O2(P25)的7.3倍.投加俘获剂与通入氮气的实验证明,在PFOA的降解过程中·OH起重要作用,氧气的存在可促进PFOA的降解.采用UPLC-QTOF-MS对产物进行鉴定分析,PFOA的可能降解过程是经h+氧化后发生脱羧基反应,产生的全氟烷烃自由基(·CnF2n+1)被·OH氧化,脱氟生成短链全氟羧酸.Pd能作为电子(e-)捕获剂、加速e-向O2等电子受体的转移,从而缓解e-累积,提高对PFOA的降解效果.     

Photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene on soil surfaces in the presence of nanometer anatase TiO2 under UV-light

The effect of nanometer anatase TiO₂ was investigated on the photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene on soil surfaces under a variety of conditions. After being spiked with phenanthrene, soil samples loaded with different amounts of TiO₂ (0 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 3 wt.%, and 4 wt.%) were exposed to UV-light irradiation for 25 hr. The results indicated that the photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. TiO₂ significantly accelerated the degradation of phenanthrene with the half-life reduced from 45.90 to 31.36 hr for TiO₂ loading of 0 wt.% and 4 wt.%, respectively. In addition, the effects of H₂O₂, light intensity and humic acid on the degradation of phenanthrene were investigated. The degradation of phenanthrene increased with the concentration of H₂O₂, light intensity and the concentration of humic acids. It has been demonstrated that the photocatalytic method in the presence of nanometer anatase TiO₂ was a very promising technology for the treatments of soil polluted with organic substances in the future.     

负载型TiO2光电催化降解孔雀石绿的动力学研究

以钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)为钛源,硝酸镧为镧源,尿素为氮源,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了La-N共掺杂的TiO2光催化剂,并探究了其对孔雀石绿氧化降解的性能.结果表明该反应遵循一级动力学,得到动力学模型;其中外加偏电压的反应分级数(0.935 8)高于pH的反应分级数(0.611 9)以及初始浓度的反应分级数(0.335),表明外加偏电压对反应的影响最大.模型值与实验值吻合良好(R2为0.910～0.996 1),说明该反应动力学模型能较好地描述光电催化降解孔雀石绿过程.     

TiO2降解迪美唑的动力学及活性物质分析

兽类抗生素迪美唑是一种新兴的污染物质,对环境和人类健康具有潜在危害.以紫外光为光源,以TiO2为催化剂,对其进行光催化降解,考察了溶液pH值、TiO2投加量、溶液的初始浓度等影响因素对迪美唑降解效果的影响.结果表明,在TiO2投加量为1 g·L-1,迪美唑初始浓度为40 mg·L-1,溶液pH为11的最优条件下反应90 min后,迪美唑的去除率为90%,反应速率为0.025 7 min-1.反应符合伪一级动力学模型.光催化降解迪美唑有两个途径:一是·OH氧化过程,二是e-还原过程.     

CuO-TiO2/导电聚合物纤维复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

利用高压静电纺丝技术,制得含羧基的导电聚合物纤维(聚偏氟乙烯/苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物/纳米石墨).水热条件下在纤维表面原位合成了纳米级的TiO2,再通过水热法在TiO2表面制备了微米级的球形CuO颗粒,得到CuO-TiO2/导电聚合物纤维复合材料.运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱仪(UV-Vis)和热失重分析(TGA)对复合材料的结构与性能进行表征,并利用氙灯模拟太阳光进行光催化降解次甲基蓝实验.结果发现,CuO-TiO2/导电聚合物纤维复合材料的降解效率高于CuO-TiO2/非导电聚合物纤维、CuO-TiO2粉体和Degussa P25,光催化降解3.5h时,次甲基蓝的残留率为4.7％.     

BiOCl/TiO2的氯化改性及其新式光生自由基催化反应

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了BiOCl/TiO₂复合催化剂,透射电镜（TEM）照片显示,两种半导体分布均匀、相互连接,形成的异质结可以为电子传导提供有效通道.经过氯化处理的复合材料具备更强的光催化能力,在紫外光条件下对苯的降解率达到90%,是原BiOCl/TiO₂的2倍、纯TiO₂的10倍.本文利用X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱和电子顺磁共振,对表面氯化的机理进行研究.结果表明,氯元素以Ti—Cl的方式吸附在催化剂表面,在光照条件下光生空穴夺取一个电子,使其生成氯自由基,进而配合超氧、羟基,构成一种新型的三自由基光催化体系,使催化降解能力大幅提升.最后,利用实验方法得到了光生氯自由基的直接证据,并构建了该体系的光催化反应机理.     

SiO2纳米颗粒内嵌强化介孔TiO2单晶光催化降解盐酸四环素

吸附性能和光生载流子的分离效率是决定光催化降解抗生素的主要因素.为提高介孔TiO_2单晶(MSCs)的吸附性能和光生载流子的分离效率,在MSCs内部构建SiO_2纳米颗粒吸附结构.同时,利用表面光电压谱、氮气等温吸附-脱附、X射线衍射等研究其结构特性.最后,以盐酸四环素为抗生素代表,通过控制SiO_2纳米颗粒比表面积,考察SiO_2对复合材料吸附及光催化性能的影响.结果表明,SiO_2纳米颗粒与TiO_2单晶复合显著提高了材料的吸附性能,表面保护蚀刻进一步提升了材料的比表面积.实验条件下,高比表面积SiO_2-TiO_2单晶复合材料(KSiO_2@TiO_2)对盐酸四环素的平衡吸附量、降解效率、降解速率常数和矿化率分别达到了0.96 mg·g-1、90.2%、0.0079 min-1、54.4%,分别是MSCs的4.4、1.5、2.6和3.1倍.副产物分析表明,SiO_2复合介孔单晶材料更易将盐酸四环素降解为小分子物质.