重金属抗性菌Bacillus cereus HQ-1对银离子的生物吸附-微沉淀成晶作用

发现1株对银离子有强吸附能力的蜡状芽孢杆菌HQ-1,研究了其对银离子的吸附特性及吸附机理.结果表明,菌体对银的吸附量可达91.75 mg/g,吸附过程符合Pseudo-second Order吸附动力学模型,相关系数高达0.999 9;吸附热力学很好地符合Freundlich吸附等温模型,相关系数为0.99;考察菌体浓度和温度对吸附的影响发现,菌体浓度增加有利于对银离子的吸附,温度对吸附影响较小;FTIR、SEM及EDAX实验结果表明吸附存在2种吸附机理,一为菌体表面一些含氮氧的基团对Ag⁺的络合作用,二为菌体分泌的胞外多糖等物质对Ag⁺的微沉淀成晶作用.     

细菌X07吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

从不同来源的样品中分离出一株吸附Cr(Ⅵ)较强的菌株X07,经鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus.cereus)。通过吸附实验探讨了X07死菌体对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特性,结果表明,X07死菌体吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的最适pH值为6.0;其吸附Cr(Ⅵ)是一个快速、非温度依赖过程,吸附50min达到饱和,在最初的5min内,吸附量达到最大吸附量的76.8%;菌体浓度的增加有利于对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附:其吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型,在试验的条件下,对Cr(Ⅵ)的饱和吸附容量为146.9mg/g干菌体。     

Ni2+生物吸附动力学及吸附平衡研究

研究了金属离子Ni²⁺在酿酒酵母上的生物吸附特性,内容包括生物吸附动力学和吸附等温线.生物吸附动力学结果表明,当Ni²⁺初始浓度为65.6 mg/L时,Ni²⁺在酿酒酵母上的生物吸附可以分为2个阶段,第1阶段为物理吸附,在10　min内快速达到平衡.Ni²⁺在酵母上的吸附过程可以很好地用准二级动力学方程来描述 （R²=0.999）,动力学参数k₂为0.018 4 g/(mg·min),q_e为5.96 　mg/g.吸附等温线结果表明,Ni²⁺在酿酒酵母上的生物吸附可以用Langmuir和Freundlich方程来描述,最大吸附量q_max为6.32 　mg/g.酿酒酵母可用于处理低浓度的含Ni²⁺废水.     

蜡状芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus吸附铅的研究

通过吸附实验和微量滴定法探讨了Pb²⁺与蜡状芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus的吸附特性.结果表明,该菌体对Pb²⁺的吸附量随着pH升高而升高,最适pH值为6;菌体浓度的增加有利于对Pb²⁺的吸附;整个吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附模型,在试验的条件下,对Pb²⁺的饱和吸附容量为36.7mg/g干菌体.通过电位滴定实验,使用实时格氏图确定了滴定体系中的等当点(Ve)以及估算了表面活性位的总浓度(HS).     

Biosorption characteristics of unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana immobilized in loofa sponge for removal of Cr（Ⅲ）

Loofa sponge （LS） immobilized biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana （LSIBCS）, isolated from industrial wastewater, was investigated as a new biosorbent for the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from aqueous solution. A comparison of the biosorption of Cr（Ⅲ） by LSIBCS and free biomass of C. sorokiniana （FBCS） from 10-300 mg Cr（Ⅲ）/L aqueous solutions showed an increase in uptake of 17.79% when the microalgal biomass was immobilized onto loofa sponge. Maximum biosorption capacity for LSIBCS and FBCS was found to be 69.26 and 58.80 mg Cr（Ⅲ）/g biosorbent, respectively, whereas the amount of Cr（Ⅲ） ions adsorbed onto naked LS was 4.97 mg/g. The kinetics of Cr（Ⅲ） biosorption was extremely rapid and equilibrium was established in about 15 and 20 min by LSIBCS and FBCS, respectively. The biosorption equilibrium was well defined by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The biosorption was found to be pH dependent and the maximum sorption occurred at the solution pH 4.0. Desorption studies showed that 98% of the adsorbed Cr（Ⅲ） could be desorbed with 0.1 mol/L HNO3, while other desorbing agents were less effective in the order： EDTA 〉 H2SO4 〉 CH3COOH 〉 HCl. The regenerated LSIBCS retained 92.68% of the initial Cr（Ⅲ） binding capacity up to five cycles of reuse in continuous flow-fixed bed columns. The study revealed that LSIBCS could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of Cr（Ⅲ） from wastewater.     

Biosorption characteristics of unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana immobilized in loofa sponge for removal of Cr(Ⅲ)

Loofa sponge (LS) immobilized biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana (LSIBCS), isolated from industrial wastewater, was investigated as a new biosorbent for the removal of Cr(Ⅲ) from aqueous solution. A comparison of the biosorption of Cr(Ⅲ) by LSIBCS and free biomass of C. sorokiniana (FBCS) from 10-300 mg Cr(Ⅲ)/L aqueous solutions showed an increase in uptake of 17.79% when the microalgal biomass was immobilized onto loofa sponge. Maximum biosorption capacity for LSIBCS and FBCS was found to be 69.26 and 58.80 mg Cr(Ⅲ)/g biosorbent, respectively, whereas the amount of Cr(Ⅲ) ions adsorbed onto naked LS was 4.97 mg/g. The kinetics of Cr(Ⅲ) biosorption was extremely rapid and equilibrium was established in about 15 and 20 min by LSIBCS and FBCS,respectively. The biosorption equilibrium was well defined by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The biosorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The biosorption was found to be pH dependent and the maximum sorption occurred at the solution pH 4.0. Desorption studies showed that 98% of the adsorbed Cr(Ⅲ) could be desorbed with 0.1 mol/L HNO3, while other desorbing agents were less effective in the order: EDTA ＞ H2SO4 ＞ CH3COOH ＞ HCl. The regenerated LSIBCS retained 92.68% of the initial Cr(Ⅲ) binding capacity up to five cycles of reuse in continuous flow-fixed bed columns. The study revealed that LSIBCS could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of Cr(Ⅲ) from wastewater.     

Surface reaction of Bacillus cereus biomass and its biosorption for lead and copper ions

In this study, the surface chemical functional groups of Bacillus cereus biomass were identified by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） analytical technique. It had been shown that the B. cereus cells mainly contained carboxyl, hydroxyl, phosphate, amino and amide functional groups. The potentiometric titration was conducted to explain the surface acid-base properties of aqueous B. cereus biomass. The computer program FITEQL 4.0 was used to perform the model calculations. The optimization results indicated that three sitesthree pKas model, which assumed the cell surface to have three distinct types of surface organic functional groups based on the IR analysis results, simulated the experimental results very well. Moreover, batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate biosorption behavior of Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions onto the biomass. Obviously, the adsorption equilibrium data for the two ions were reasonably described by typical Langmuir isotherm.     

气单胞菌SH10吸附银离子机制的研究

以气单胞菌SH10为生物吸附材料,从静电吸附作用、离子交换作用、络合作用、沉淀作用几方面研究了SH10吸附Ag 过程可能存在的作用机制.结果表明,气单胞菌SH10吸附银离子依赖于静电吸附作用;吸附Ag 前后溶液中Na 、K 、Mg2 浓度的变化较小,说明吸附过程中离子交换不明显;SH10表面的羧基、氨基和脂类基团经化学屏蔽后,对Ag 的吸附量明显下降,结合红外光谱分析结果,确定酰胺基CO-NH为SH10与银离子发生络合作用的主要官能团;电镜扫描结果表明,SH10在吸附过程中可以和Ag 形成沉淀沉积在细胞表面.     

轮叶黑藻对铅的吸附特征及生物吸附机理研究

研究了轮叶黑藻对重金属铅的吸附特征,同时对吸附机理进行探讨.动力学研究结果表明,轮叶黑藻对铅有较快的吸附能力,10min后铅的去除率达到74.54%;20min后,吸附达到平衡.整个吸附过程符合伪二级动力学方程(R2=0.9910).Sips和Langmuir模型相比Freundlich而言,有着较好的拟合效果,表明轮叶黑藻对重金属铅的吸附属于单层吸附,相邻铅离子间的相互干扰可以忽略不计.红外光谱分析表明:轮叶黑藻叶片富含多种活性基团,羟基、羰基和羧基、C–O及C–N为主要作用基团.吸附铅后,轮叶黑藻叶片内K、Na、Ca、Mg含量明显下降,表明铅离子因产生离子交换而被吸附,且铅离子更易与二价的Ca和Mg产生离子交换.     

Biosorption and retention of orthophosphate onto Ca(OH)2-pretreated biomass of Phragmites sp.

The biosorption of phosphorus in the form of orthophosphate(Po) from wastewater using biomass as the sorbent is of potential importance because the Po-loaded biomass could be applied in the agricultural sector as fertilizer and soil conditioner. However, biomass generally displays a very low affinity for Posorption and therefore biomass surface modification is required. In the present study, the biomass(as model grinded leaves of Phragmites sp. were used)was pretreated with Ca(OH)2to enhance Pobiosorption capacity(qe). The results indicate that the alkaline pretreatment resulted in a modification of surface functional groups. It was concluded that the main sorption mechanisms were ligand exchange and electrostatic attraction. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of the pretreated biomass for Pouptake under various conditions. Isotherm and thermodynamic studies were also applied and analyzed. The biosorption process was best described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm, which gave a qmaxof 12.27 mg P/g at 25°C and p H 7. The Ca(OH)2treated Phragmites biomass applied in this study for Porecovery may present some potential advantages in terms of costs and environmental impact.     

太湖蓝藻对Sb(Ⅴ)的生物吸附作用

利用富营养化湖泊的藻类——太湖蓝藻,对Sb(Ⅴ)的生物吸附特征进行了研究. 结果表明:藻类经0.1 mol/L盐酸处理后,对Sb(Ⅴ)的生物吸附效率大大提高. 原藻和经盐酸处理的蓝藻在1 h左右对Sb(Ⅴ)的吸附量达到平衡;Sb(Ⅴ)在原藻和经盐酸处理的蓝藻表面的吸附能力均随着pH升高逐渐减弱;原藻与经盐酸处理的蓝藻对Sb(Ⅴ)的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程;不同离子强度的Cl-、NO₃-、SO₄2-、PO₄3-对Sb(Ⅴ)在原藻表面的吸附影响较弱,而对Sb(Ⅴ)在经盐酸处理的蓝藻表面的吸附影响显著.      

球形棕囊藻对Pb2+的吸附动力学

研究了球形棕囊藻对金属离子Pb2+在球形棕囊藻上的生物吸附特性.结果显示,Pb2+在球形棕囊藻上的生物吸附可以分为2个阶段,第1阶段为物理吸附,在10min内快速达到平衡;第2阶段为金属离子向藻内部的迁移,过程缓慢.通过拟合得到了吸附过程的准二级动力学方程,参数k为0.0025 g·mg-1·min-1,qe为19.8 mg·g-1.吸附等温线结果表明.Pb2+在球形棕囊藻上的生物吸附可以用Langmuir来描述,最大吸附量qmax为20.2 mg·g-1.     

生物吸附作用对漂白废水中AOX去除作用的研究

研究了CEH三段漂白废水二级生物处理中好氧及厌氧生物污泥对AOX吸附作用。结果表明,污泥生物吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,好氧污泥对AOX的吸附量大于厌氧污泥,污泥对废水中低分子量AOX的吸附量大于高分子量AOX。污泥的解吸实验则表明污泥的生物吸附是一不可逆过程;活性和受抑制的2种污泥的吸附量没有明显差别,其好氧、厌氧污泥的AOX单位碳原子的吸附能仅为0.37和0.38 kJ/mol,表明生物吸附仅是与生物代谢无关的而与分子间爱德华力有关的物理吸附。      

毛木耳(Auricularia polytricha)对水中铬的去除特性研究

以毛木耳子实体(Auricularia polytricha)为生物吸附材料,通过批量实验研究起始pH值、反应时间、生物量、Cr浓度等因素对毛木耳子实体吸附去除水中铬的影响及吸附特性。结果表明:铬的生物吸附过程明显受溶液pH影响,其中总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)的最佳去除pH分别为2.0和1.0;48 h后生物吸附达到平衡,生物吸附剂的最佳浓度为4 g/L;A.polytricha对Cr的最大吸附容量为113.8 mg/g;在整个吸附过程中伴随着Cr(Ⅵ)转化为Cr(Ⅲ)。生物吸附剂的X射线光电能谱显示:吸附在生物吸附剂表层的Cr大都呈+3价。在等温实验中Freundlich模型能较好地模拟毛木耳子实体对Cr的等温吸附过程,同时准二级模型很好地拟合了生物吸附Cr的过程。毛木耳(A.polytricha)子实体在去除水体中的Cr方面具有很强的潜力。     

Biosorption of copper and zinc by immobilised and free algal biomass, and the effects of metal biosorption on the growth and cellular structure of Chlorella sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. isolated from rivers in Penang, Malaysia

In this study, the biosorption of copper and zinc ions by Chlorella sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. isolated from local environments in Malaysia was investigated in a batch system and by microscopic analyses. Under optimal biosorption conditions, the biosorption capacity of Chlorella sp. for copper and zinc ions was 33.4 and 28.5 mg/g, respectively, after 6 hr of biosorption in an immobilised system. Batch experiments showed that the biosorption capacity of algal biomass immobilised in the form of sodium alginate beads was higher than that of the free biomass. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses revealed that copper and zinc were mainly sorbed at the cell surface during biosorption. Exposure to 5 mg/L of copper and zinc affected both the chlorophyll content and cell count of the algal cells after the first 12 hr of contact time.     

毛木耳子实体对Ni(Ⅱ)生物吸附的优化研究

采用响应曲面法研究了起始pH值、固液比、重金属初始浓度等因素对毛木耳子实体吸附Ni(Ⅱ)的影响.采用中心组合法及批量实验,对吸附过程进行优化,确定了最优条件.结果表明,起始pH值、固液比、Ni(Ⅱ)初始浓度对吸附过程均有显著影响(P＜o.0001),毛木耳子实体吸附Ni(Ⅱ)最佳条件为pH5.41,固液比6.00g/L...     

水华蓝藻生物质对Cu~(2+)的吸附动力学及吸附平衡研究

文章初步研究了水华蓝藻生物质对重金属离子Cu2+的吸附特性,包括生物吸附动力学和吸附等温线。生物吸附动力学结果表明,Cu2+的生物吸附可分为两个阶段,第一个阶段能较快地达到平衡,而之后的阶段进行缓慢。透析袋处理的蓝藻生物质在不同pH(3,4,5,6)的铜离子溶液条件下,吸附效率依次为62.4%,78.1%,71.2%,60.35%,吸附最大值为7.81 mg/g。水华蓝藻生物质对Cu2+的生物吸附平衡等温线可以用Freundlich模型精确拟合。水华蓝藻生物质在处理低浓度的含Cu2+废水方面有潜力。湖泊富营养化的优势在于产生低成本的、大量的、可收集的水华,这说明自然环境中的藻类资源如蓝藻水华生物质,可能作为商业中使用的生物吸附剂。     

Removal of Crystal Violet from aqueous solution using powdered mycelial biomass of Ceriporia lacerata P2

A simple and efficient biosorbent prepared from powdered mycelial biomass of Ceriporia lacerata was used to removal Crystal Violet, poorly degraded as recalcitrant molecule by microorganism.     

运用丝状真菌生物质生物吸附镉(Ⅱ)污染物的研究

丝状真菌生物质是研制可用作生物修复镉污染的生物吸附剂的重要生物材料。文章首先概述了镉的危害性与镉污染的真菌修复机制;列表比较了近20年研究中用于生物吸附Cd⁽²⁺⁾的丝状真菌菌种资源、镉吸附量和工艺特性参数;详细阐明了利用丝状真菌生物质生物吸附法除镉工艺过程涉及的技术方法和基本原理,包括丝状真菌生物质材料的预处理方法,分批生物吸附除镉工艺的考虑因素及其影响效应,固定床吸附柱生物吸附除镉工艺,以及生物吸附法去除含镉工业废水中Cd(2+)的丝状真菌菌种资源、镉吸附量和工艺特性参数;详细阐明了利用丝状真菌生物质生物吸附法除镉工艺过程涉及的技术方法和基本原理,包括丝状真菌生物质材料的预处理方法,分批生物吸附除镉工艺的考虑因素及其影响效应,固定床吸附柱生物吸附除镉工艺,以及生物吸附法去除含镉工业废水中Cd⁽²⁺⁾的实践效果。     

响应曲面法优化油茶饼对活性红15的生物吸附特征及机理

基于“以废治废”的理念,以农林业废弃物——油茶饼为原料制备生物吸附剂,吸附去除废水中的RR15(C.I. Reactive Red 15,活性红15)染料,并采用响应曲面法中的Box-Behnken设计对油茶饼生物吸附剂吸附RR15的条件进行优化. 结果表明:pH对油茶饼生物吸附剂吸附RR15的吸附容量和去除率均有显著影响(P<0.000 1);当pH为1.0、初始ρ(RR15)为300 mg/L、吸附温度为20 ℃时,油茶饼生物吸附剂对RR15的吸附效果最佳. 相比于Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线模型,Temkin吸附等温线模型可以更好地描述油茶饼生物吸附剂对RR15的吸附平衡数据. 吸附温度为20 ℃时,由Langmuir吸附等温线模型计算得到的Q0(吸附剂的单层饱和吸附量)为74.63 mg/g. 动力学分析显示,油茶饼生物吸附剂对RR15的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型(R2>0.999 7),支持了限速步骤是化学吸附的理论;内部扩散和边界层扩散都可能影响吸附速率. 热力学分析表明,该吸附过程是一个自发的放热过程. FTIR(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,傅里叶变换红外光谱)分析发现,油茶饼生物吸附剂上羟基、胺基等官能团可能是RR15染料的主要结合位点. 研究显示,油茶饼生物吸附剂是一种具有潜力的绿色吸附剂,可以有效去除废水中的RR15染料.