Triton X-100在黄土上的吸附行为及影响因素

水土体系下,应用批实验法研究了Triton X-100在天然黄土上的吸附行为与平衡时间、Triton X-100浓度、溶液离子强度和pH值的关系.结果表明,Triton X-100在黄土中的吸附平衡时间约为30 min,其吸附动力学符合一级动力学模型,相应拟合参数Qe、k1、r2分别为3.041 mg·g-1、0.102 min-1、0.993 4.吸附等温线明显为非线性,在利用的4种等温吸附模型中,Sips模型对实验数据提供了最佳的拟合,其拟合参数Qmax和r2分别为3.202 mg·g-1和0.998 7.溶液离子强度和pH值对Triton X-100在黄土上的吸附有显著的影响,其吸附量随NaCl浓度的增加而明显增加,随pH增加而降低.     

Sorption of Triton X-100 on soil organic matter fractions：Kinetics and isotherms

Kinetics and isotherms of Triton X-100 sorption on soil,base-extracted soil(BE),humic acid (HA) and humin (HM) were investigated respectively to get better understanding on characteristics of the surfactant sorptiun onto different soil organic matters(SOMs).It was demonstrated that the kinetics results could be satisfactorily described by the pseudo-second order model.The half of the time to reach equilibrium(t1/2) for different sorbents followed the sequence of soil>HA>BE>HM.Furthermore,the calculated equilibrium sorption capacity(Ceq) was found in the sequence of HA>BE>HM>soil,which agreed well with the experimental results.The isotherms of Triton X-100 sorption on soil and HA could be well described by the S-type isotherm,but BE and HM by the L-type.The isotherms of all the four sorbents were found reasonably fitted to the Langmuir equation.The Kd value,defined as the ratio of Triton X-100 in sorbent and in the equilibrium solution for given concentrations,generally followed the order of HM>HA>soil>BE.Separated HM and HA showed high affinity for Triton X-100,but the HA and HM in soil and BE were tightly bounded by the minerals.Thus,the HA on the soil surface might dominate the sorption,whereas the bounded HM would play a key role upon the surfactants being penetrated inside the soil.     

表面活性剂对热带假丝酵母降解苯酚的影响

通过液态发酵培养法探讨了添加2种化学表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、曲拉通X-100(Triton X-100)以及生物表面活性剂二鼠李糖脂(dirhamnolipid,diRL)对1株热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)降解苯酚的影响.结果表明,发酵液中苯酚的分解和菌体生长的不同步,反映了苯酚对该菌的毒性作用以及苯酚降解过程中中间产物的形成.CTAB对热带假丝酵母具有毒性作用,抑制菌体对苯酚的降解.低浓度(0.1、0.3CMC)的Triton X-100对C.tropicalis的生长及对苯酚的降解有一定的促进作用,分别将苯酚降解完全的时间由空白的48h提前至24h和36h;随着Triton X-100浓度增大(1.0、3.0CMC),降解初期菌体的衰亡减缓,但使菌体生长滞后,苯酚分解完全的时间延长.生物表面活性剂diRL促进菌体对苯酚降解的同时显著地促进了C.tropicalis的生长,且促进作用随着加入diRL浓度的增大而增强,1.0、3.0CMC的diRL将苯酚降解完全的时间都提前到24h;而diRL在发酵过程中浓度也逐渐降低,这表明diRL很大程度上减弱了苯酚对菌体的毒性,并且可以共同作为碳源促进菌体的生长.     

阳-非离子混合表面活性剂对沉积物吸附硝基苯的影响

研究了非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100、阳离子表面活性剂氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)及其混合物在沉积物上的吸附行为,探讨了它们对沉积物吸附硝基苯的影响.结果表明,CPC和Triton X-100在沉积物上的吸附等温线均为非线性,吸附量随着平衡浓度的增加急剧增加,并迅速达到最大吸附量.低浓度CPC能明显增加Triton X-100在沉积物上的吸附,而高浓度的CPC则显著降低Triton X-100在沉积物上的吸附.Triton X-100略微降低CPC在沉积物上的吸附.在表面活性剂浓度较低的实际环境中,无论是阳离子或非离子表面活性剂,将主要被土壤或沉积物吸附并固定.硝基苯在沉积物上的吸附等温线为线性.CPC和Triton X-100促进沉积物对硝基苯的吸附,CPC-Triton X-100混合表面活性剂溶液能进一步增强沉积物对硝基苯的吸附.因此,阳离子和非离子混合表面活性剂可增强土壤或沉积物对有机污染物的吸附固定能力,也可以用来制备有机膨润土以提高其吸附处理废水的性能.     

液固比对土壤洗涤去除多环芳烃效果的影响

液固比是影响土壤洗涤污染物去除率的重要因素.以Triton X-100和Tween-80为洗涤剂,采用洗涤去除率(R)、吸附损失率(Vs)和新定义的指标增溶百分比(SP)分析液固比对土壤洗涤去除目标多环芳烃效果的影响.结果表明,液固比对土壤洗涤去除多环芳烃效果影响显著.R随液固比增加呈非线性形式增大,液固比10∶1后R增长变缓.同一液固比时,洗涤去除率Triton X-100>Tween-80.Vs随液固比增加显著减少,液固比10∶1后逐渐变缓.同一液固比时,吸附损失率Triton X-100相似文献   

Effects of surfactants on graphene oxide nanoparticles transport in saturated porous media

Transport behaviors of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) in saturated porous media were examined as a function of the presence and concentration of anionic surfactant (SDBS) and non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) under different ionic strength (IS). The results showed that the GONPs were retained obviously in the sand columns at both IS of 50 and 200 mmol/L, and they were more mobile at lower IS. The presence and concentration of surfactants could enhance the GONP transport, particularly as observed at higher IS. It was interesting to see that the GONP transport was surfactant type dependent, and SDBS was more effective to facilitate GONP transport than Triton X-100 in our experimental conditions. The advection–dispersion–retention numerical modeling followed this trend and depicted the difference quantitatively. Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) interaction calculations also were performed to interpret these effects, indicating that secondary minimum deposition was critical in this study.     

Triton X-100对土壤中柴油的解吸特征及影响因素

为考察非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100对土壤中柴油解吸特性及土壤理化性质对其解吸的影响,通过振荡平衡法研究Triton X-100对浙江水稻土、重庆紫壤、江西红壤、海南沙土、青海灰漠土和黑龙江黑土中柴油解吸行为及其影响因素.结果表明,Triton X-100对浙江水稻土、重庆紫壤、江西红壤、海南沙土、青海灰漠土和黑龙江黑土中柴油的解吸均符合先快后慢、最后达到解吸平衡的规律,平衡时解吸量分别1.61、1.85、1.80、2.29、2.01和1.13 mg/g.其解吸动力学过程均符合准二级动力学模型（R2>0.99）;6种典型土壤中柴油的等温解吸特征可较好地用修正的米氏方程模型进行描述（R2>0.92）.Q_max（柴油最大解吸量）介于1.81~2.23 mg/g之间,浙江水稻土、重庆紫壤、江西红壤、海南沙土、青海灰漠土和黑龙江黑土中ρ_max（柴油最大解吸率）分别为73.20%、78.06%、75.63%、90.36%、79.89%和62.92%;土壤各理化性质对Triton X-100解吸土壤中柴油的影响起综合作用,其中土壤w（砂粒）与ρ_max呈显著正相关（R2=0.993 6,P < 0.01）,对Triton X-100解吸柴油的影响最大;而CEC（阳离子交换量）、w（OM）、w（黏粒）均与ρ_max呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）.研究显示,修正的米氏方程可用于描述柴油在土壤-水-表面活性剂Triton X-100系统中的解吸行为,w（砂粒）是影响不同土壤中柴油解吸的关键因子,可为应用Triton X-100修复柴油污染土壤提供理论基础.      

鼠李糖脂对铜绿假单胞菌降解颗粒有机质的影响

通过好氧降解实验研究了生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂对1株铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas Aeruginosa)降解颗粒有机质的影响,着重探讨了其作用方式,并与TritonX-100和SDS等2种化学表面活性剂作了对比.结果表明,浓度高于临界胶束浓度的鼠李糖脂在基质表面的等温吸附呈线性规律.鼠李糖脂在基质和微生物表面的吸附使菌体在基质表面的吸附性能减弱.鼠李糖脂和2种化学表面活性剂的物化作用使基质水分得以较长时间地保持,并加强了有机质在基质液相中的分散.在鼠李糖脂的作用下,有机质的降解从颗粒表面转移到液相,降解方式发生了改变.通过以上作用,鼠李糖脂促进了微生物的生长和有机质的降解.SDS和TritonX-100对有机质颗粒的降解也产生了一定的促进作用.     

静电纺丝纤维膜固定化漆酶对水中双酚A的降解性能

采用乳液静电纺丝技术原位固定漆酶,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(LCSM)对载漆酶电纺纤维膜的形貌结构进行表征.载酶电纺纤维呈壳-核结构,平均直径为(650±30)nm,表面有许多纳米级孔道;漆酶被成功包埋固定于纤维内部,且保留了79.8%的酶催化活性.以双酚A(Bisphenol A,BPA)为目标污染物,对比电纺纤维膜固定化漆酶和游离漆酶对BPA的降解性能,考察p H值和温度等因素对BPA降解效率的影响.研究结果表明:在优化条件下,电纺纤维膜固定化漆酶对BPA的降解率达80%左右;与游离漆酶相比,固定化漆酶对p H值和温度均表现出更好的耐受性.这主要是因为漆酶被包埋在纤维内部,纤维的聚合物外壳结构可以保护漆酶,减少外界环境对漆酶的影响,而纤维表面的多孔结构可以为漆酶与BPA的接触反应提供通道.     

非离子表面活性剂溶液中多环芳烃的溶解特性

采用3种典型非离子表面活性剂(Tween80、Tween20和Triton X-100),对4种典型多环芳烃萘(naphtha-lene)、菲(phenanthrene)、芴(fluorene)和芘(pyrene)进行了溶解特性研究.结果表明,非离子表面活性剂对多环芳烃具有较好的增溶效果,在浓度大于临界胶束浓度(CMC)时,多环芳烃的溶解度与表面活性剂浓度成正比例线性相关通过质量溶解率(WSR)的比较,确定3种非离子表面活性剂对多环芳烃的增溶效果为Triton X-100＞Tween80＞Tween20,与其HLB值呈负相关.在非离子表面活性剂溶液中,多环芳烃的正辛醇-水分配系数(K_ow)与其胶束-水分配系数(K_m)呈现良好的线性相关关系.     

五种表面活性剂对柴油污染土壤清洗效果的比较

研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、皂苷(saponin)、月桂醇聚氧乙烯(23)醚(Brij35)、Triton X-100五种表面活性剂对中度柴油污染土壤的清洗效果,考察柴油和土壤混合后在不同时间段的挥发特点,认为污染时长会直接影响表面活性剂清洗修复的效果,增大清洗剂浓度可以提高对新污染土壤的洗脱率,但对老化污染土壤的效果并不明显;对不同含油量的污染土壤清洗,研究污染程度对洗脱率变化的影响,当达到一定含油量后洗脱效果产生突变。不同表面活性剂在相同CMC倍数下清洗能力存在差异,其顺序为SDS>SDBS>Triton X-100>皂苷>Brij35。     

表面活性剂对热带假丝酵母降解十六烷的影响

研究了Triton X-100、鼠李糖脂二糖脂(di-RL)和CTAB等3种表面活性剂对1株热带假丝酵母菌株Candida tropicalis降解十六烷的影响.结果表明,低浓度的Triton X-100对菌的生长及其十六烷的降解无明显影响,而高浓度的Triton X-100则抑制菌的生长及其对十六烷的降解,96h后Triton X-100浓度分别为0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0和3.0CMC时,对应的十六烷的平均残留率分别为20.5%, 20.2%, 22.0%, 54.4%, 71.2%和68.8%.di-RL促进菌的生长及十六烷的降解,且促进作用随着di-RL浓度的增加而增大,96h后浓度为0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0和3.0CMC的di-RL分别促使十六烷的平均残留率降低到17.4%, 16.6%, 9.9%, 8.8%和7.8%;di-RL在发酵过程中被降解,且添加的di-RL的浓度越大,其被降解的比例越大.CTAB完全抑制菌体的生长和十六烷的降解,表明其具有毒性作用.     

Sorption and transport studies of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Triton X-100 in clayey soil

Surfactants are soil washing agents and facilitators for subsurface remediation of hydrocarbon spills.It is important to understand the sorption and transport behavior of surfactants for enhanced soil remediation.The adsorption and desorption isotherms of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Triton X-100 with sand and kaolinite have been quantified.Kaolinite clay had the highest sorption capacity compared to blasting sand.Transport parameters such as diffusion coefficient (D) and retardation factor (R) of the above mentioned surfactant solutions were determined in clayey soils (82.5% sand and 17.5% kaolinite mixture) with near zero and 0.1 g/L ionic strength.NaCl was used as the electrolyte solution.Convection-Diffusion equation was used to model the breakthrough curves of the surfactants.Bromide ion was chosen as the tracer material in order to characterize the column.CTAB and Triton X-100 were used to flush the perchloroethylene (PCE) contaminated soil.The effectiveness of CTAB and Triton X-100 in flushing the PCE from the contaminated soil was quantified.     

生物表面活性剂皂角苷对菲在水和土壤间分配行为影响

文章比较研究了皂角苷(saponin)、Triton X-100以及二者的混合物对多环芳烃菲在土壤和水相间分配行为的影响。结果表明,在所选择的表面活性剂中,皂角苷对菲在水和土壤间的分配具有最强的增溶能力。在竞争吸附的作用下,随着加入的表面活性剂的量不同,菲在水和土壤间的分配行为也有差异。当表面活性剂的浓度较低时,促进菲在土壤上的吸附;当加入的表面活性剂的量超过其临界胶束浓度(CMC)时,菲在水和土壤间的分配系数随着表面活性剂浓度的增大出现持续减小的趋势。并且在相同浓度下,皂角苷和TritonX-100组成的混合表面活性剂的增溶能力比单独使用非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100强。同样在混合表面活性剂的协同增溶作用下,菲在水和土壤间的分配系数随着表面活性剂浓度的增加出现持续减小的趋势。     

Mobilization of arsenic from contaminated sediment by anionic and nonionic surfactants

The increasing manufacture of surfactants and their wide application in industry,agriculture and household detergents have resulted in large amounts of surfactant residuals being discharged into water and distributed into sediment. Surfactants have the potential to enhance arsenic mobility, leading to risks to the environment and even human beings. In this study, batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate arsenic mobilization from contaminated sediment by the commercial anionic surfactants sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate(SDBS), sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), sodium laureth sulfate(AES)and nonionic surfactants phenyl-polyethylene glycol(Triton X-100) and polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate(Tween-80). The ability of surfactants to mobilize arsenic followed the order AES SDBS SDS ≈ Triton X-100 Tween 80. Arsenic mobilization by AES and Triton X-100 increased greatly with the increase of surfactant concentration and p H, while arsenic release by SDBS, SDS and Tween-80 slightly increased. The divalent ion Ca~(2+) caused greater reduction of arsenic mobilization than Na~+. Sequential extraction experiments showed that the main fraction of arsenic mobilized was the specifically adsorbed fraction. Solid phase extraction showed that arsenate(As(V)) was the main species mobilized by surfactants,accounting for 65.05%–77.68% of the total mobilized arsenic. The mobilization of arsenic was positively correlated with the mobilization of iron species. The main fraction of mobilized arsenic was the dissolved fraction, accounting for 70% of total mobilized arsenic.     

Arsenic retention and transport behavior in the presence of typical anionic and nonionic surfactants

The massive production and wide use of surfactants have resulted in a large amount of surfactant residuals being discharged into the environment,which could have an impact on arsenic behavior.In the present study,the influence of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) and nonionic surfactant polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether(Triton X-100) on arsenic behavior was investigated in batch and column tests.The presence of SDBS and Triton X-100 reduced arsenic retention onto ferrihydrite(FH),enhanced arsenic transport through FH coated sand(FH-sand) columns and promoted arsenic release from the FH surface.With coexisting surfactants in solution,the equilibrium adsorbed amount of arsenic on FH decreased by up to 29.7% and the adsorption rate decreased by up to 52.3%.Pre-coating with surfactants caused a decrease in the adsorbed amount and adsorption rate of arsenic by up to 15.1% and 58.3%,respectively.Because of the adsorption attenuation caused by surfactants,breakthrough of As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ) with SDBS in columns packed with FH-sand was 23.8% and 14.3%faster than that in those without SDBS,respectively.In columns packed with SDBS-coated FH-sand,transport of arsenic was enhanced to a greater extent.Breakthrough of As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ) was 52.4% and 43.8% faster and the cumulative retention amount was 44.5% and 57.3% less than that in pure FH-sand column systems,respectively.Mobilization of arsenic by surfactants increased with the increase of the initial adsorbed amount of arsenic.The cumulative release amount of As(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅲ) from the packed column reached 10.8% and 36.0%,respectively.     

双酚A在Suwannee富里酸溶液中的光解

以Suwannee河富里酸(SRFA)为光敏化剂,采用中压汞灯模拟阳光,研究了双酚A(BPA)在SRFA溶液(1.0mg·L^-1～50.0mg·L^-1)中的光解动力学.结果表明BPA的光解符合一级反应动力学,并且随着SRFA浓度的增加,BPA的光解速率从0.93×10^-3min^-1迅速增大到16.54×10^-3min^-1.采用分子探针方法和电子自旋共振技术(ESR)证实了SRFA在光照过程中能够产生羟基自由基和单重态氧,同时通过不同的曝气条件研究了激发三重态富里酸的电子能量转移.研究结果表明BPA在SRFA溶液中的光解历程可能与激发三重态富里酸的能量转移密切相关.最后采用GC/MS鉴定了BPA在SRFA体系中的光解产物,探讨了BPA在SRFA体系中可能的反应历程.     

Influence of nonionic surfactant on the solubilization and biodegradation of phenanthrene

Phenanthrene was solubilized in two different nonionic surfactants, Tween80 and Triton X-100. The bioavailability of phenanthrane to the bacteria isolated from the petroleum contaminated soils was studied based on the rotary flasks experiments. The results showed that the concentration of nonionic surfactants above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) can increase the solubility of phenanthrene in water andwere innoxious to the phenanthrene-degrading bacteria; phenanthrene solubilized in the micelles of Tween80 was bioavailable and biodegradable. The research demonstrated the potential of surfactant-enhanced bioremediation of soils contaminated by hydrophobic organic comoounds( HOCs).     

Amniotic fluid protease activity and the prenatal detection of cystic fibrosis

Changes in the protease activity in amniotic fluid has been proposed as a valid method for the prenatal detection of cystic fibrosis (CF). We have studied by quantitative and qualitative procedures, sixty four amniotic fluids: two of them from CF-affected fetuses. Interpretation of the benzoyl arginine ethyl ester (BAEE)-staining patterns after isoelectric focusing was often difficult, and repeated experiments gave variable results. In order to improve gel discrimination, we performed amniotic fluid electrofocusing in the presence of detergents: 0.1 per cent Triton X-100, 0.1 per cent DOC, or 0.1 per cent SDS. In these conditions, the pattern revealed by BAEE was modified, but no differences were observed between CF and normal amniotic fluids.     

表面活性剂对极性有机物在沉积物上吸附的影响

研究了苯酚、苯胺和对硝基苯酚在沉积物-十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)体系中的分配特性.结果表明200mg/L和1200mg/L的SDBS存在下,苯胺和对硝基苯酚的沉积物-水分配系数均增大,分配作用的增大倍数与有机物的K_ow呈正相关;苯酚的分配系数则因表面活性剂存在浓度的不同分别增大和减小.十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、Triton X-100(TX100)和Brij30存在下,苯酚等温吸附实验表明:表面活性剂浓度约低于其临界胶束浓度(CMC)时,苯酚的吸附量增大;表面活性剂浓度约高于其CMC时,苯酚的吸附量比纯水中的吸附量小.