羟基磷灰石-四氧化三铁-沸石复合材料制备及去除水中刚果红研究

采用可溶性磷酸盐、钙离子、二价铁离子、三价铁离子和天然沸石等材料制备了羟基磷灰石-四氧化三铁-沸石(HAPFe3O4-沸石)复合材料,对该复合材料进行了表征,并考察了该复合材料对水中刚果红的吸附作用.结果表明,HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料对水中的刚果红具备良好的吸附能力.当pH由3增加到4或由7增加到11时,HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料对水中刚果红的去除能力下降;当pH由4增加到7时,对刚果红的吸附能力基本保持不变.HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料对水中刚果红的去除率随吸附剂投加量的增加而增加,而对水中刚果红的单位吸附量则随吸附剂投加量的增加而降低.HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料对水中刚果红的吸附动力学过程可以较好地采用准二级动力学模型加以描述,对刚果红的吸附平衡数据可以采用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型加以描述.根据Langmuir模型确定的最大吸附容量为117 mg·g-1.(pH 7和303 K).HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料对水中刚果红的吸附是自发吸热并伴随熵增加的过程.当pH为7时,HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料吸附水中刚果红的主要机制包括表面配位作用、氢键作用以及路易斯酸碱反应.采用热再生的方法可以使吸附刚果红后的HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料得到再生,热再生后的复合材料可以循环使用并且对水中刚果红的吸附性能良好.X射线衍射分析结果表明HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料含Fe3O4,磁滞回线结果表明HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料具备较高的磁饱和强度,复合材料吸附刚果红后可以很容易地通过外加磁场的作用快速地与水溶液分离.结果表明,HAP-Fe3O4-沸石复合材料适合作为一种吸附剂去除废水中的刚果红.     

改性氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖功能材料对刚果红的吸附研究

以氧化石墨烯(GO)和壳聚糖(CS)为前体物,以乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-2Na)为表面改性剂,制备了一种新型改性氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖功能材料(GEC),并将此材料作为吸附剂用于水中刚果红的吸附去除,探讨了时间、pH值、吸附剂投加量、温度及初始浓度对GEC吸附去除刚果红的影响.结果表明,GEC对水中刚果红具备良好的吸附能力,且在pH=2~12的范围内都具有较佳的吸附效果.GEC对刚果红的吸附动力学可以较好地用伪二级动力学模型进行描述,其吸附数据可应用Langmuir吸附等温模型进行拟合,其吸附过程是自发的吸热反应过程.根据Langmuir模型计算得到GEC室温条件下最大吸附量为175.43 mg·g~(-1).用2 mol·L~(-1)NaOH溶液在60℃水浴条件下对GEC进行脱附再生实验,在重复循环利用6次后,GEC对刚果红的吸附量仅下降了5.89%,刚果红的去除率仍保持在88%以上.以上结果表明,GEC适合作为一种有效的吸附剂去除水中刚果红.     

镧改性沸石活性覆盖控制重污染河道底泥溶解性磷酸盐和铵释放研究

通过实验考察了镧改性沸石对水中磷酸盐和铵的吸附性能,并探讨了低溶解氧情况下镧改性沸石覆盖控制底泥溶解性磷酸盐和铵态氮释放的效率.镧改性沸石对水中磷酸盐和铵的吸附动力学过程满足准二级动力学模型.镧改性沸石对水中磷酸盐的吸附平衡数据可以采用Langmuir等温吸附方程加以描述,对水中铵的吸附平衡数据可以采用Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)等温吸附方程加以描述.当pH 7时,镧改性沸石吸附水中磷酸盐的机制包括配位体交换、路易斯酸碱反应和静电吸引,吸附水中铵的机制是阳离子交换.镧改性沸石覆盖不仅可以有效地控制溶解性磷酸盐从底泥向上覆水的释放,而且可以明显降低铵态氮从底泥向上覆水迁移的速率.镧改性沸石覆盖量越多,控制底泥铵态氮释放的效果越好.镧改性沸石覆盖层吸附从底泥中释放出来的溶解性磷酸盐后主要以较为稳定的形态存在,低溶解氧情况下不容易重新释放出来.上述结果表明,镧改性沸石适合作为一种覆盖材料用于控制低溶解氧情况下溶解性磷酸盐和铵态氮从底泥向上覆水的释放.     

腐殖酸负载羟基磷灰石对废水中Cd2+吸附性能的影响

以硝酸钙、磷酸氢二铵和腐殖酸为原料,制备了腐殖酸负载羟基磷灰石(HA/HAP)复合吸附剂.同时,利用SEM、BET、FT-IR、XRD对复合吸附剂结构和形貌进行表征,研究了HA/HAP对废水中Cd~(2+)的吸附工艺.结果表明,腐殖酸使羟基磷灰石孔容和孔径增大、比表面积减小,从而提高了羟基磷灰石的吸附性能.在pH=6、吸附剂投加量为800 mg、接触时间为180 min时吸附率最佳,为98.3%.HA/HAP对废水中Cd~(2+)的吸附是自发的、吸热的、可持续的化学吸附,反应前120 min适合采用准一级动力学伴随着内扩散模型描述,后120 min适合采用准二级动力学伴随着内扩散模型描述,Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)等温线模型拟合的吸附数据在不同温度下效果最好(R~20.98),吸附量分别为259.15、266.05和264.66 mg·g~(-1).研究表明,静电吸附到腐殖酸活性位点后Cd~(2+)主要以络合反应被吸附到羟基磷灰石的表面和两个羟基中间.     

缺钙型羟基磷灰石对溶液中氟离子的吸附作用研究

利用一种含磷废水处理副产物--缺钙型羟基磷灰石(d-HAp)作为吸附剂,研究了其对氟离子的去除分离性能,探讨了溶液pH值、d-HAp投加量、共存钙镁离子及氯离子等因素对吸附作用的影响.结果表明,该缺钙型羟基磷灰石能够在较宽的pH范围(4～7)内有效吸附氟离子,并保持85%以上的去除率.高达200倍的Ca2+、Mg2+离子及Cl-离子的存在并未对氟离子的吸附产生明显影响,可适用于广大高氟水地区.该缺钙型羟基磷灰石对氟离子的吸附动力学符合Lagergren拟二级反应动力学方程,吸附速率快.吸附氟离子的过程可用Langmuir吸附等温模型描述,静态吸附容量可达26.11 mg·g-1.在实验条件下的吸附体系中,吸附机制主要为离子交换作用.     

氢氧化镧-天然沸石复合材料对水中低浓度磷酸盐的吸附作用

采用液相沉淀法将氢氧化镧和天然沸石进行复合,制备得到镧-沸石复合材料,并通过批量吸附实验考察了该复合材料对水中磷酸盐的吸附作用,特别是考察了该复合材料去除水中低浓度磷酸盐的影响因素.结果表明,当制备复合材料时沉淀pH值为5~7或13时,复合材料对水中磷酸盐的吸附能力较差;当沉淀pH值控制为9~12,复合材料对水中磷酸盐的吸附能力较好,且当沉淀pH值由9增加到11时,复合材料的吸磷能力明显增加,继续增加pH值由11~12时,复合材料的吸磷能力基本不变.沉淀pH值为11时制备的镧-沸石复合材料对水中磷酸盐的吸附平衡数据可以较好地采用Langmuir模型加以描述,根据Langmuir模型预测的最大磷酸盐吸附量为44 mg·g~(-1)(磷酸盐溶液pH 7和反应温度30℃);该复合材料对水中低浓度磷酸盐的吸附动力学可以较好地采用准二级动力学模型加以描述.当磷酸盐溶液pH值由3增加到8时,沉淀pH值为11条件下制备得到的镧-沸石复合材料对低浓度磷酸盐的吸附能力增加,继续增加磷酸盐溶液pH值时,该复合材料对磷酸盐的吸附能力下降;与磷酸盐溶液共存的氯离子和硫酸根离子不会抑制该复合材料对低浓度磷酸盐的吸附,而碳酸氢根离子则会略微抑制该复合材料对磷酸盐的吸附;与磷酸盐溶液共存的腐殖酸会抑制该复合材料对水中低浓度磷酸盐的吸附.当磷酸盐溶液pH值为7时,沉淀pH值为11时镧-沸石复合材料吸附磷酸盐的机制主要为配位体交换作用.因此,沉淀pH值为11时制备得到的镧-沸石复合材料适合作为吸附剂去除水和废水中低浓度磷酸盐.     

海藻酸锆/聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺半互穿网络凝胶球的除磷性能

利用离子交联和自由基聚合反应制备了一种海藻酸锆/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)半互穿网络凝胶球(ZA/PNIPAM),用于吸附水中的磷酸盐.考察了溶液初始pH、吸附剂投加量、初始磷酸盐浓度和共存阴离子等因素对凝胶球吸附性能的影响.结果表明:ZA/PNIPAM在pH=2时可获得较大的吸附能力;随着投加量的减少、初始磷酸盐浓度的升高,凝胶球的吸附性能逐渐增大;SO_4~(2-)对吸附性能影响较Cl~-和NO_3~-明显.准二级动力学模型和颗粒内部扩散模型可以较好地拟合动力学吸附数据,表明表面吸附和颗粒内部扩散是吸附速率的主要控制步骤.吸附等温线数据可以较好地被Freundlich模型描述,表明吸附过程为非均匀多分子层吸附.FTIR、XPS、零电荷点(pH_(pzc))的结果以及相关吸附数据揭示凝胶球吸附磷酸盐的机制为静电吸附(物理吸附)以及配位交换(化学吸附)的共同作用.经过4次循环再生后,ZA/PNIPAM吸附性能保持稳定,具有良好的重复使用性.     

MOF-Fe吸附Se(Ⅳ)的特性与机制研究

水热法合成了MOF-Fe样品,研究了不同pH条件下MOF-Fe对亚硒酸根(Se(Ⅳ))的等温吸附和动力学吸附特性;基于吸附前后样品悬浮液的pH和Zeta电位、粉末样品的衰减漫反射红外光谱(ATR-IR)和X-射线光电子能谱(XPS),分析了MOF-Fe对Se(Ⅳ)的吸附机制.当吸附体系的初始pH分别为3.0、4.0和5.0时,样品对Se(Ⅳ)的Langmuir最大吸附容量(Qm)分别为0.690、0.534和0.538 mmol·g-1,3种pH条件下的吸附亲和力(b)表现为pH 3.0pH 4.0pH 5.0.3种pH条件下,样品对Se(Ⅳ)的吸附都在20 min内趋于饱和,二级动力学方程对吸附动力学数据的拟合度(R2)均大于0.999,MOF-Fe吸附Se(Ⅳ)的内扩散过程可用Weber-Morris方程描述.当吸附体系初始pH为3.0时,MOF-Fe与Se(Ⅳ)之间的吸附作用机制主要为:配位不饱和Fe与H_2SeO_3之间的配位作用、脱羟基后的活性Fe与[O_2SeOH]~-的键合作用及单齿羧羰基氧与Se(Ⅳ)之间的氢键作用.当吸附体系初始pH为5.0时,MOF-Fe与Se(Ⅳ)之间的吸附作用机制主要为:Fe—OH与[O_2SeOH]~-的阴离子交换作用,[SeO_3]~(2-)破坏了桥式羧羟基Fe—O键并与Fe—OH发生阴离子交换作用形成双齿吸附态Se(Ⅳ)以及单齿羧羰基氧与Se(Ⅳ)之间的氢键作用.     

锆改性沸石对水中磷酸盐和铵的吸附特性

采用锆对天然沸石进行改性,并研究了锆改性沸石对水中磷酸盐和铵的吸附特性.结果表明,锆改性沸石对水中磷酸盐和铵均具有很好的吸附能力.锆改性沸石对水中磷酸盐和铵的吸附动力学过程满足准二级动力学模型.Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin–Radushkevich(D–R)等温吸附模型可以很好地描述锆改性沸石对水中磷酸盐的等温吸附行为.Langmuir等温吸附模型可以很好地描述锆改性沸石对水中铵的等温吸附行为.由Langmuir等温吸附模型计算得到锆改性沸石对磷酸盐和铵的最大吸附容量分别达到26.2,7.82 mg/g.热力学参数表明锆改性沸石对水中磷酸盐的吸附是自发的吸热反应过程.锆改性沸石对水中磷酸盐的吸附能力随着pH值的增加而降低.当pH4~8时,锆改性沸石对水中铵的吸附能力较高;当pH低于4或高于8时,对铵的吸附能力下降.水中共存的Cl-、SO42-、HCO3-和NO3-等阴离子对锆改性沸石吸附磷酸盐的影响很小,而共存的SiO32-对磷酸盐的吸附则具有较强的负面影响.水中共存的Ca2+和Mg2+对锆改性沸石吸附铵的影响较小,而共存的K+和Na+对铵的吸附则具有较强的负面影响.锆改性沸石吸附水中磷酸盐的主要机制是阴离子配位体的交换,吸附水中铵的主要机制是与沸石中可交换阳离子的离子交换.     

TiO2@酵母菌复合催化剂对刚果红的吸附特性研究

研究了TiO2@酵母复合型催化剂对阴离子染料刚果红的吸附性能,考察了pH、催化剂投加量、刚果红初始浓度、温度等因素对吸附效率的影响,并对吸附过程进行了动力学、等温模型和热力学分析.结果表明pH对吸附效率影响较大,最佳pH值为3;当刚果红浓度在10~50mg·L-1时,吸附量随着浓度的增加而增加;催化剂投加量为0.5 g·L-1,吸附效率较高;温度对吸附过程影响较小.TiO2@酵母复合催化剂吸附刚果红的过程符合准二级动力学模型;化学吸附为主要控制步骤;吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,为单分子层吸附;ΔG为负值且ΔH为正值表明吸附是自发吸热过程.     

纳米氧化铝改性凝胶球对四环素吸附性能分析

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米氧化铝改性聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钙凝胶球（SA-PVA-AlNPs）,用于吸附去除水溶液中的四环素。考察了纳米氧化铝负载量、初始溶液pH、离子强度对凝胶球吸附性能的影响。结果表明:复合纳米氧化铝有利于提高凝胶球的吸附性能;SA-PVA-ALNPs吸附四环素最佳pH值条件为pH=3;NaCl浓度的提高并未显著影响凝胶球对于四环素的吸附能力。准二级动力学可以较好地拟合SA-PVA-ALNPs对四环素吸附的动力学数据;Langmuir模型能更好地拟合等温吸附数据,最大吸附容量为75.90 mg/g。SA-PVA-ALNPs吸附四环素主要依靠阳离子架桥作用、n-π电子供体-受体相互作用以及氢键作用。     

Ciprofloxacin adsorption from aqueous solution onto chemically prepared carbon from date palm leaflets

A chemically prepared carbon was synthesized from date palm leaflets via sulphuric acid carbonization at 160℃. Adsorption of ciprofloxacin (CIP) from aqueous solution was investigated in terms of time, pH, concentration, temperature and adsorbent status (wet and dry). The equilibrium time was found to be 48 hr. The adsorption rate was enhanced by raising the temperature for both adsorbents, with adsorption data fitting a pseudo second-order model well. The activation energy, E_a, was found to be 17 kJ/mol, indicating a diffusion-controlled, physical adsorption process. The maximum adsorption was found at initial pH 6. The wet adsorbent showed faster removal with higher uptake than the dry adsorbent, with increased performance as temperature increased (25-45℃). The equilibrium data were found to fit the Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorption mechanism is mainly related to cation exchange and hydrogen bonding.     

Highly efficient and selective removal of low-concentration antibiotics from aqueous solution by regenerable Mg(OH)2

The prevalent presence of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in aquatic environments has attracted considerable attention because of their harmful effects on humans and the ecological environment. Magnesium hydroxide nanocrystals were found to act as a simple and effective adsorbent to remove low-concentration ciprofloxacin (CIP) in aqueous solution. The as-prepared Mg(OH)₂ nanocrystals exhibited excellent CIP adsorption performance and high selectivity toward CIP molecules compared with other antibiotics or aromatics, e.g., norfloxacin (NOR) and eosin B (EB). The adsorbent showed pH-dependent adsorption, indicating that the adsorption process is probably dominated by an electrostatic interaction mechanism. In addition, structural analysis of the adsorbent indicated that coordination and hydrogen bonding between CIP and Mg(OH)₂ nanocrystal might also be involved in the adsorption process. Moreover, the adsorbent could be easily recovered by pyrolysis and hydration without significant reduction of adsorption capacity. The superior adsorption behavior of Mg(OH)₂ nanocrystal indicates that it may serve as a potential adsorbent material candidate for the selective removal of CIP from aquatic environments.     

β-环糊精/环氧氯丙烷聚合物的制备及其对双酚S的吸附特性

BPS（双酚S）用途广泛,但存在水环境污染问题,容易引起类似于双酚A的雌激素反应,因此需要寻求高效的吸附剂从水溶液中将其脱除.在NaOH水溶液中,以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,合成了β-CDP（β-环糊精/环氧氯丙烷聚合物）,用于吸附水溶液中的BPS.基于此,考察了吸附时间、pH、初始ρ（BPS）、β-CDP用量对吸附性能的影响以及β-CDP的再生性能,探讨了吸附动力学、等温吸附模型和吸附机理.结果表明:①在温度为298 K、pH为5.4、β-CDP用量为0.05 g、初始ρ（BPS）为100 mg/L、BPS溶液体积为50 mL、吸附时间为60 min的条件下,BPS吸附量为69.7 mg/g,吸附率为69.7%;②吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,表明化学吸附为速率控制步骤;③Langmuir吸附等温模型的成功拟合表明,吸附BPS在β-CDP表面上形成了单分子层覆盖;④β-CDP吸附BPS为放热过程,低温有利于吸附的进行;⑤与初始吸附量（69.7 mg/g）相比,β-CDP连续再生6次,BPS吸附量仍可达68.1 mg/g;⑥吸附机理是通过BPS的羟基与β-CDP形成氢键作为推动力,并借助β-CD（β-环糊精）空腔内部的疏水作用,使得BPS进入空腔形成包结物.研究显示,β-CDP对水溶液中的BPS具有良好的吸附性能,再生循环使用稳定性高,具有较高的性价比.      

锆-十六烷基三甲基氯化铵改性活性炭对水中硝酸盐和磷酸盐的吸附特性

采用锆(Zr)和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)对活性炭进行联合改性,考察了所制备的Zr-CTAC改性活性炭对水中硝酸盐和磷酸盐的吸附去除作用,并探讨了相关的吸附去除机制.结果表明,Zr-CTAC改性活性炭对水中硝酸盐和磷酸盐均具备较好的吸附去除能力.Zr-CTAC改性活性炭对硝酸盐和磷酸盐吸附动力学过程满足准二级动力学模型.Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)等温吸附模型可以较好地描述Zr-CTAC改性活性炭对水中硝酸盐的等温吸附过程,Langmuir和D-R等温吸附模型可以较好地描述Zr-CTAC改性活性炭对水中磷酸盐等温吸附过程,通过Langmuir模型计算得到吸附剂对硝酸盐和磷酸盐的最大单位吸附量分别为7.58 mg·g-1和10.9 mg·g-1.高的p H会抑制Zr-CTAC改性活性炭对水中硝酸盐和磷酸盐的吸附.水中共存的Cl-、HCO-3和SO2-4等阴离子均会抑制Zr-CTAC改性活性炭对硝酸盐和磷酸盐的吸附,且对吸附硝酸盐的抑制作用较强而对吸附磷酸盐的抑制作用较弱.水中共存的磷酸盐对Zr-CTAC改性活性炭吸附硝酸盐的抑制作用较强,而水中共存的硝酸盐对Zr-CTAC改性活性炭吸附磷酸盐的抑制作用较弱.1 mol·L-1Na Cl溶液可以使90%左右被吸附到Zr-CTAC改性活性炭表面上的硝酸盐解吸下来.1 mol·L-1的Na OH溶液可以使78%左右被吸附到Zr-CTAC改性活性炭表面上的磷酸盐解吸下来.Zr-CTAC改性活性炭对硝酸盐的吸附机制主要包括阴离子交换作用和静电吸引作用,对磷酸盐的吸附机制主要包括配位体交换作用、阴离子交换作用和静电吸引作用.上述结果说明Zr-CTAC改性活性炭适合作为一种吸附剂去除废水中的硝酸盐和磷酸盐.     

Pb(II) removal from water using Fe-coated bamboo charcoal with the assistance of microwaves

Bamboo charcoal(BC) was used as starting material to prepare iron-modified bamboo charcoal(Fe-MBC) by its impregnation in FeCl 3 and HNO 3 solutions simultaneously,followed by microwave heating.The material can be used as an adsorbent for Pb(Ⅱ) contaminants removal in water.The composites were prepared with Fe molar concentration of 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mol/L and characterized by means of N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms,X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD),scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(SEM-EDS),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) and point of zero charge(pH pzc) measurements.Nitrogen adsorption analyses showed that the BET specific surface area and total pore volume increased with iron impregnation.The adsorbent with Fe molar concentration of 2 mol/L(2Fe-MBC) exhibited the highest surface area and produced the best pore structure.The Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption process of 2Fe-MBC and BC were evaluated in batch experiments and 2Fe-MBC showed an excellent adsorption capability for removal Pb(Ⅱ).The adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) strongly depended on solution pH,with maximum values at pH 5.0.The ionic strength had a significant effect on the adsorption at pH < 6.0.The adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir isotherm model well,and the maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(Ⅱ) was 200.38 mg/g for 2Fe-MBC.The adsorption processes were well fitted by a pseudo second-order kinetic model.Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) onto Fe-MBC was feasible,spontaneous,and exothermic under the studied conditions,and the ion exchange mechanism played an significant role.These results have important implications for the design of low-cost and effective adsorbents in the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from wastewater.     

Removal of tetracycline from aqueous solution by a Fe3O4 incorporated PAN electrospun nanofiber mat

Pollution of antibiotics, a type of emerging contaminant, has become an issue of concern, due to their overuse in human and veterinary application, persistence in environment and great potential risk to human and animal health even at trace level. In this work, a novel adsorbent, Fe₃O₄ incorporated polyacrylonitrile nanofiber mat (Fe-NFM), was successfully fabricated via electrospinning and solvothermal method, targeting to remove tetracycline (TC), a typical class of antibiotics, from aqueous solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface morphology and crystal structure of the Fe-NFM, and demonstrated that Fe-NFM was composed of continuous, randomly distributed uniform nanofibers with surface coating of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. A series of adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the removal efficiency of TC by the Fe-NFM. The pseudo-second-order kinetics model fitted better with the experimental data. The highest adsorption capacity was observed at initial solution pH 4 while relative high adsorption performance was obtained from initial solution pH 4 to 10. The adsorption of TC on Fe-NFM was a combination effect of both electrostatic interaction and complexation between TC and Fe-NFM. Freundlich isotherm model could better describe the adsorption isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir isotherm model was 315.31 mg/g. Compared to conventional nanoparticle adsorbents which have difficulties in downstream separation, the novel nanofiber mat can be simply installed as a modular compartment and easily separated from the aqueous medium, promising its huge potential in drinking and wastewater treatment for micro-pollutant removal.     

Friedel层状化合物对正磷酸根的去除效应及其作用机制

为了解Friedel化合物除磷的应用潜能,研究了Friedel化合物对正磷酸根的吸附动力学和吸附等温线,并结合反应后溶液中各离子浓度的变化和反应固相产物的XRD、红外光谱分析,探讨其除磷作用机理.结果表明:Friedel化合物对正磷酸根的吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,理论吸附容量为4.86mmol·g-1;Friedel化合物除磷作用机理主要为溶出钙离子的沉淀作用,同时存在氢氧化铝的固磷作用.     

Removal of ammonium ion from water by Na-rich birnessite: Performance and mechanisms

Na-rich birnessite (NRB) was synthesized by a simple synthesis method and used as a high-efficiency adsorbent for the removal of ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) from aqueous solution. In order to demonstrate the adsorption performance of the synthesized material, the effects of contact time, pH, initial ammonium ion concentration, and temperature were investigated. Adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption behavior followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models and the model parameters were evaluated. The monolayer adsorption capacity of the adsorbent, as obtained from the Langmuir isotherm, was 22.61 mg NH₄⁺-N/g at 283 K. Thermodynamic analyses showed that the adsorption was spontaneous and that it was also a physisorption process. Our data revealed that the higher NH₄⁺ adsorption capacity could be primarily attributed to the water absorption process and electrostatic interaction. Particularly, the high surface hydroxyl-content of NRB enables strong interactions with ammonium ion. The results obtained in this study illustrate that the NRB is expected to be an effective and economically viable adsorbent for ammonium ion removal from aqueous system.