苯并(a)芘和芘暴露对梭鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

在实验生态条件下，浓度范围0．1－0．5ug/L的苯并（a)芘和芘的短期暴露（7d),50ug/L浓度组造成梭鱼肝脏SOD活性先抑制后诱导的效应，5ug/L浓度在7d的暴露中，SOD活性未出现诱导而是抑制。同样在50ug/L浓度下，苯并（a)芘暴露4d后SOD活性出现诱导，而芘在暴露7d后才出现诱导，这间接反映了苯并（a)芘和芘的毒性大小。这些结果说明梭鱼肝脏SOD活性与苯并（a)芘和芘暴露有一定的相关性，可以作为海洋环境多环芳烃污染监测的一种生物标志物。     

珠江三角洲地区大气气溶胶中有机污染物背景研究

 选择肇庆市鼎湖山自然保护区为珠江三角洲大气气溶胶有机污染评价的区域性环境背景．研究结果表明，珠江三角洲地区大气气溶胶中优控多环芳烃背景值萘、苊、二氢苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并（a）蒽、、苯并（b）荧蒽、苯并（k）荧蒽、苯并（a）芘、茚并（1，2，3-cd）芘、二苯并（a，h）蒽、苯并（ghi）分别为n.d.、n.d.、tr.、0.14、tr.、0．39、0.53、0.19、1.05、1.82、1.41、0.02、2.29、0.53和2．44ng/m³，总量为10.80ng/m³，其来源主要为高等植物排放.     

苯并(a)芘对大弹涂鱼肝脏和卵巢还原型谷胱甘肽 含量影响的比较研究

分析了大弹涂肌肉、腮、脏脏、内脏（不含肝脏）以及卵巢等不同器官的还原型谷胱甘肽含量，并以不这原型谷胱甘肽含量较高的肝脏和 卵巢为研究对象，在实验生态条件下，将大弹涂鱼暴露于0，0.05，0.2和0.5mg/L等不同浓度的苯并（a）芘3d，比较这两个器官中还原型谷胱甘肽含量的变化。结果显示，苯并（a）芘肋迫下，大弹 涂鱼肝脏和卵巢还原型谷胱甘肽含量均显著升高（P≤0.05)；表明肝脏和卵巢都是代谢苯并（a）芘的主要器官，还原型谷胱甘肽含量的显著升高表明机体对苯并（a）芘胁迫的适应性反应。     

苯并(α)芘与砷在蜈蚣草中的赋存转运规律及其交互作用

蜈蚣草能够超累积土壤中的砷,对土壤环境中的多环芳烃也具有较好的耐受能力,是修复砷和多环芳烃复合污染的理想修复手段之一.为探究在苯并（a）芘和砷（As）单独污染和复合污染条件下的蜈蚣草对两种污染物的吸收转运,通过水培模拟实验揭示蜈蚣草体内砷与苯并（a）芘的交互作用,同时采用双光子激光共聚焦扫描显微技术检测观察苯并（a）芘在蜈蚣草中的赋存和分布.结果表明,添加苯并（a）芘使得蜈蚣草各部分总砷含量均下降.其中,叶、茎、根分别下降149.4、78.59、47.05 mg·kg^-1（以DW计）（p<0.05）,叶部下降幅度最大,达到47.3%,根部及茎部含量分别下降了40.9%和38.2%（p<0.05）.同时苯并（a）芘的添加也改变了砷在蜈蚣草体内的赋存形态,根部与叶部三价砷的比例分别下降了3.87%、4.20%（p<0.05）,而茎部两种砷形态比例无显著变化.砷的添加促进了蜈蚣草各部分对苯并（a）芘的积累,每株根部、茎部和叶部的累积量分别增加了4680、109.26和226.61 ng（p<0.05）,说明苯并（a）芘和砷在蜈蚣草植株中交互作用显著,砷的添加不会改变苯并（a）芘的赋存位点,但会增强蜈蚣草对于苯并（a）芘吸收,而苯并（a）芘的添加则会抑制砷的吸收,苯并（a）芘首先由蜈蚣草根部表皮细胞吸收,通过茎部的U型维管束及茎部外缘细胞转运到叶部,赋存于叶部的表皮细胞、叶脉组织及气孔细胞当中.     

关于铜、锌和某些金属离子对苯并(a)芘致突变性和代谢的影响

本文通过探讨金属离子对苯并(a)芘致突变性和代谢的影响,初步发现,铜和锌离子能显著地抑制微粒体芳烃羟化酶、环氧化物水化酶的活性,抑制苯并(a)芘代谢和抑制苯并(a)芘及焦炉尾气飘尘提取物的致突变性。实验表明,铜和锌离子可能通过调节那些催化苯并(a)芘和焦炉尾气飘尘提取物,转变成亲电性中间产物的代谢酶系,起到抑制苯并(a)芘等有关环境污染物的致突变性和致癌性的作用。     

真菌对土壤中苯并[a]芘的共代谢降解

研究了模拟生物泥浆法修复多环芳烃污染土壤。选择了几种从石油污染土壤中分离出来的真菌，研究它们对土壤内苯并[a]芘的降解，并研究了土壤内共存底物：菲、芘、邻苯二甲酸对苯并[a]芘降解的影响，及其之间的共代谢过程。结果表明，芘可以促进镰刀菌、毛霉对苯并[a]芘的降解，并认为这是共代谢作用的结果，菲也可以促进镰刀菌对苯并[a]芘的降解，但抑制了毛霉和青霉对苯并[a]芘的降解，而邻苯二甲酸对青霉和毛霉降解苯并[a]芘的过程均有抑制作用。     

苯并(a)芘和芘的混合物暴露对梭鱼肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响

在实验生态条件下，研究浓度范围从0.1-50μg/L的苯并（a)芘和芘的等浓度混合物暴露对梭鱼（Mugil so-iuy)肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示，对肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx)和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响主要表现出抑制效应。在暴露过程中，抗氧化酶活性也有出现短暂的诱导，高浓度组出现诱导的时间比低浓度组早。SOD和GPx活性的变化有一定的同步性。CAT活性在暴露早期出现诱导。抗氧化酶活性的变化间接反映了环境中氧化胁迫的存在。     

天津污灌区苯并(a)芘的分布和迁移通量模型

建立了估算苯并 (a)芘在天津污灌区气、水、土壤及沉积物相间的迁移通量和浓度分布的逸度模型框架 ,利用通量资料作为模型输入 ,利用实测浓度数据验证了模型的可靠性 .结果表明 ,模型对大气、地表水、土壤和沉积物中浓度的估算大体吻合 ,沉积物和土壤是苯并 (a)芘的主要环境归宿 ,而大气中的平衡浓度相对较低 ,水体及土壤中的苯并 (a)芘可能通过作物和鱼体富集而进入生态系统 .     

9种硝基苯对鱼肝微粒体EROD活性的影响

混合功能氧化酶系（mixed function oxidase，MFO）中的敏感指标，7-乙氧基-异吩唑酮-脱乙基酶（7-ethoxyresorufin-O- deethylase，EROD）已作为生物标志物，应用于生态毒理学研究领域。笔者以苯并（a）芘作为阳性对照，采用鲤鱼肝脏体外直接染毒测定EROD的方法，分析了9种硝基苯对EROD活性的诱导影响。     

蚯蚓细胞色素P450酶系对土壤中芘或苯并[a]芘的响应

以赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)为受试生物,通过人工污染草甸棕壤微宇宙试验方法,研究了暴露于不同环境浓度芘或苯并[a]芘(添加量分别为0.12、0.24、0.48、0.96 mg·kg~(-1))污染的土壤中14 d后,蚯蚓体内细胞色素P450(CYPs)酶系,如CYPs总量、CYP1A1及CYP2C9活性的变化.结果显示,芘或苯并[a]芘暴露导致蚯蚓CYPs总量、CYP1A1及CYP2C9活性的变化不同.其中,CYPs总量与CYP1A1活性对芘的响应趋势相似:试验3 d后,0.96 mg·kg~(-1)芘导致二者都显著高于对照水平;14 d后,都显著低于对照水平;CYP1A1活性对芘的响应更为敏感.CYPs总量与CYP2C9活性对苯并[a]芘的响应趋势相似:暴露初期,苯并[a]芘最高暴露剂量(0.96 mg·kg~(-1))导致二者都显著低于对照水平;试验结束后,苯并[a]芘最低暴露剂量(0.12 mg·kg~(-1))导致二者都显著高于对照水平,最高剂量暴露导致二者都显著低于对照水平,CYP2C9活性对苯并[a]芘的响应更为敏感.因此,推断CYPs亚酶对污染物的响应具有选择性且亚酶的响应敏感度高于CYPs总量.将CYPs总量与CYP1A1活性结合,或与CYP2C9活性结合分别诊断土壤芘污染或并[a]芘污染,较为准确有效.     

Relation of hepatic EROD activity and cytochrome P4501A level in Sebastiscus marmoratus exposed to benzo[a]pyrene

This study was designed to investigate the in vivo effects of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） on hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase （EROD） activity and its correlation with cytochrome P4501A （CYP1A） protein levels in Sebastiscus marmoratus, which were exposed through a water column to BaP （10, 100, 1000 ng/L, respectively） or were treated with intraperitoneal injections of BaP （0.5, 1, 5, 10 mg/kg, respectively） every 7 d. The results showed that after 25 d of waterborne exposure to 1000 ng/L BaP, fish hepatic CYP1A levels and EROD activity were significantly induced. In contrast, EROD activity was not altered 7 d after second intraperitoneal injections, whereas, CYP1A protein levels were increased. Dose-dependent increase of biliary BaP metabolites demonstrated that the catalytic activity of CYP1A was induced by treatment with BaP. The lowest observable effect concentration with regard to biliary BaP metabolites （100 ng/L） was much lower than that with reference to EROD activity （1000 ng/L）. The results suggest that biliary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon （PAH） metabolites were shown to better reflect the contamination gradients of PAHs than EROD activity. It appeared to be necessary to measure CYP1A protein levels to complement the EROD activity in relevant toxicological assessments.     

Relation of hepatic EROD activity and CYP1A level in Sebastiscus marmoratus exposed to benzo[a]pyrene

This study was designed to investigate the in vivo effects of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and its correlation with cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) protein levels in Sebastiscus marmoratus, which were exposed through a water column to BaP (10, 100, 1000 ng/L, respectively) or were treated with intraperitoneal injections of BaP (0.5, 1, 5, 10 mg/kg, respectively) every 7 d. The results showed that after 25 d of waterborne exposure to 1000 ng/L BaP, fish hepatic CYP1A levels and EROD activity were significantly induced. In contrast, EROD activity was not altered 7 d after second ip injections, whereas, CYP1A protein levels were increased. Dose-dependent increase of biliary BaP metabolites demonstrated that the catalytic activity of CYP1A was induced by treatment with BaP. The lowest observable effect concentration with regard to biliary BaP metabolites (100 ng/L) was much lower than that with reference to EROD activity (1000 ng/L). The results suggest that biliary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites were shown to better reflect the contamination gradients of PAHs than EROD activity. It appeared to be necessary to measure CYP1A protein levels to complement the EROD activity in relevant toxicological assessments.     

Antioxidant responses to benzo[a]pyrene, tributyltin and their mixture in the spleen of Sebasticus marmoratus

It has been reported that there is an interaction between Benzo[a]pyrene （BaP）, a widespread carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and tributyltin （TBT）, an organometal used as an antifouling biocide. This study was therefore designed to examine the potential in vivo influence of BaP, TBT and their mixture on splenic antioxidant defense systems of Sebastiscus marmoratus. The fish were exposed to water containing environmentally relevant concentrations of BaP, TBT and their mixture. Spleens were collected for biochemical analysis after exposure for 7, 25, 50 d and after recovery for 7, 20 d. Cotreatment with BaP and TBT for 7 d potentiated the induction of glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activity by BaP or TBT alone. The cotreatment for 25 and 50 d resulted in inhibition of GPx activity, which was similar to the effect of TBT. Splenic glutathione S-transferase （GST） activities were significantly elevated in S. marmoratus exposed to BaP starting from 7 d and remained high up to 25 d. However, no further activity change was found with prolonged exposure. Cotreatment of BaP and TBT primarily inhibited the GST activity, which was similar to the effect of TBT. Cotreatment with BaP and TBT for 25 or 50 d potentiated the depletion of GSH （glutathione） by BaP or TBT alone. MDA （malondialdehyde） contents in spleen of S. marmoratus were not significantly altered compared with the control during the test period. Spleen, as an immune organ, is sensitive to exposure of BaP or TBT. It should have an effective mechanism to counteract oxidative damage. Antioxidative defense systems in spleen of S. marmoratus should be considered as potential biomarkers. Short-term exposure of BaP or TBT could result in induction of antioxidant defense system. A significant decrease of these indices, such as GSH, GST, GPx might indicate more severe contamination.     

Ploidy-, gender-, and dose-dependent alteration of selected biomarkers in Clarias gariepinus treated with benzo[a]pyrene

Naturally-occurring and artificially-induced polyploids have been documented in various fish species but to date no comparison has been reported of the impacts of ploidy on fish biomarker responses to organic pollutants. This study describes effects of ploidy, gender, and dose on biliary fluorescent aromatic compound (FAC) concentrations, hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in one of the most commonly cultured warm-water species, the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Recently matured male and female diploid and triploid fish were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 0, 5 or 25 mg/kg benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and liver and gallbladder were sampled 48 hr later. No significant differences were found between ploidies in bile concentrations of 7,8 dihydrodiolbenzo[a]pyrene (7,8D BaP), 1-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (1-OH BaP) or 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OH BaP). However, concentrations of the biliary FACs did differ between males and females at different dose of injection with generally higher concentrations in females at the low dose of BaP and higher concentrations in males at the higher BaP concentration. Hepatic EROD activity did not exhibit gender-dependent difference, whereas it was significantly higher in triploids than diploids. GST activities were not significantly influenced by any of the tested factors. This work advanced our understanding of the role of ploidy, gender, and dose in biotransformation of pollutants in fish.     

苯并[a]芘对鲫鱼生物标志物的影响研究

研究了苯并[a]芘暴露对鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)的几种生物标志物的影响.在鲫鱼接受3个不同质量分数苯并[a]芘(BaP)的腹腔注射14 d后,分析了其肝脏7-乙氧基-3-异吩噁唑酮-脱乙基酶(EROD)活性,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)等抗氧化酶活性和红细胞核异常(NA)率变化.结果显示:w(BaP)为1 mg/kg处理组的EROD活性显著升高(P＜0.001).w(BaP)为0.1和1 mg/kg处理组SOD活性显著低于对照组(P＜0.001),在暴露结束时,w(BaP)为1 mg/h处理组CAT活性显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),而w(BaP)为0.1和1 mg/kg处理组GPx活性被显著抑制(P＜0.001).表明BaP对EROD活性有诱导作用,而对SOD,CAT和GPx等抗氧化酶活性的抑制作用明显.所有处理组NA率与对照组均无显著差异.因此,鲫鱼EROD,SOD,CAT和GPx等酶活性的改变适于作为生物标志物,可以用来显示暴露于多环芳烃有机污染物鱼类的生活状态.     

Combined effect of tributyltin and benzo[a] pyrene on the levels of sex hormone and vitellogenin in female Sebastiscus marmoratus

Tributyltin（TBT）, an organometal used as an antifouling biocide, has been reported to induce masculinization of fish. Benzo [a]pyrene （BaP）, a widespread carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, has been reported that its microsomal metabolites can produce an estrogenic response when tested in vitro. This study was therefore designed to examine the potential in vivo influence of TBT, BaP and their mixture on sex hormone levels in serum of Sebastiscus marmoratus, which were given 2 separate intraperitoneally （ip） injections（a single injection every 7 d） of TBT（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）, BaP（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）, or both in combination（0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg）; control fish received olive oil vehicle only. Six days after the 2nd injection, serum samples were collected and analyzed for sex hormone levels and alkali labile protein phosphorus （ALPP）, which is related to the yolk precursor protein vitellogenin. The pollutants at all doses significantly reduced serum testosterone, estradiol and ALPP content after 2 injections compared with the corresponding controls. The reduction of the estradiol levels should be response for the decrease of the vitellogenin levels. The results in the present study suggested that aromatase seems not the major target acted by TBT and BaP in fish. This study demonstrated that TBT or BaP exposure both inhibit the reproductive potential in female Sebastiscus marmoratus. Combined effect of TBT and BaP on the serum testosterone, estradiol and ALPP was not antagonism from the anticipation.     

Reduced-glutathione concentrations in Boleophthalmus pectinirostris tissues exposed to benzo(a)pyrene

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＢｅｉｎｇａｔｙｐｉｃａｌｐｏｌｙｃｙｃｌｉｃａｒｏｍａｔｉｃｈｙｄｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｓ(ＰＡＨｓ) ,ｂｅｎｚｏ[ａ]ｐｙｒｅｎｅ(ＢａＰ)ｄｅｓｅｒｖｅｓｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｓｔｕｄｙｂｅｃａｕｓｅＰＡＨｓａｒｅｎｏｗｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄａｓｍａｊｏｒｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓ .ＥｘｐｏｓｕｒｅｔｏＰａＨｓｉｓｖｉｒｔｕａｌｌｙｕｎａｖｏｉｄａｂｌｅａｎｄｉｓｓｔｒｏｎｇｌｙｓｕｓｐｅｎｄｅｄｏｆｂｅｉｎｇａｃａｕｓａｔｉｖｅｆａｃｔｏｒｉｎｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｕｍｏ…     

玉米根系对苯并(a)芘的吸收及苯并(a)芘在植株内的积累

在人工气候室内用Poagland营养液栽培玉米,测定了玉米根、叶、茎、粒及伤流液中BaP的本底值。表明玉米根系可以吸收BaP并向上运输,但地上部的累积在一定程度上取决于根系环境中BaP的量。 在玉米的不同生育期向培养液添加BaP的试验表明,灌浆期的添加会增加籽粒中BaP的累积,因此,避免土壤的严重污染对控制进入食物链的BaP量是有意义的。     

苯并[a]芘在两种海洋生物体内的富集动力学比较

应用半静态双箱动力学模型在室内模拟了脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)、三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)对苯并[a]芘(benzo[a]pyrene,Ba P)的生物富集实验,通过对富集与释放过程中两种海洋生物体内Ba P的非线性曲线拟合,获得两种海洋生物对Ba P的吸收速率常数k1、释放速率常数k2、生物富集因子BCF、平衡状态下生物体内Ba P含量CAmax、生物学半衰期B1/2等动力学参数.拟合结果显示:脊尾白虾k1的平均值为18.80,k2的平均值为0.08,BCF的平均值为228.02,CAmax的平均值为46.78ng/g,B1/2的平均值为8.95d;三疣梭子蟹k1的平均值为22.55,k2的平均值为0.14,BCF的平均值为158.11,CAmax的平均值为32.70ng/g,B1/2的平均值为5.43d.两种海洋生物对Ba P的k1、k2、BCF均随Ba P暴露浓度的增大而减少,CAmax、B1/2随Ba P暴露浓度的增大而增大.表明Ba P容易在两种海洋生物体内富集,脊尾白虾对Ba P的最高富集量高于三疣梭子蟹,前期富集速率高于后期,对Ba P的释放主要集中在前期,后期释放速率放缓.     

几种芳香化合物对苯并芘在泥浆反应器中降解的影响

苯并芘在土壤中难于被生物降解,其降解方式通常以共代谢方式进行.本研究考查了几种多环芳烃及2种单环芳香化合物对苯并芘降解的影响.先把几种芳香化合物投入到供试无污染土壤中进行3d的预培养,然后向土壤中加入苯并芘并使土壤在三角瓶内形成泥浆系统,放在摇床上培养.42d的实验表明,用菲对土壤进行预处Ζ理消除了苯并芘的降解滞后期,并提高了苯并芘的降解率.蒽、芘未能改变苯并芘的降解模式,而苯并蒽则相对抑制了苯并芘的降解.水杨酸和邻苯二甲酸同样消除了苯并芘降解的滞后阶段,且促进了苯并芘的降解,但质量差别未对苯并芘的降解产生影响.