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1.
卫泽斌  郭晓方  吴启堂  龙新宪 《环境科学》2014,35(11):4305-4312
为了研究植物套种和螯合剂施用对重金属污染土壤的长期修复效果以及对地下水可能的环境风险,采集广东省乐昌市铅锌矿开采造成的重金属污染土壤,通过渗滤池(0.9 m×0.9 m×0.9 m)进行了7次植物种植试验(约2.5 a),共设置了单种超富集植物东南景天(Sedum alfredii)、单种低累积玉米(Zea mays,cv.Yunshi-5)、东南景天和玉米套种、以及套种+MC(混合螯合剂,柠檬酸∶味精废液∶EDTA∶KCl摩尔比=10∶1∶2∶3,5 mmol·kg-1)4个处理,连续监测植物、土壤和渗滤液的重金属含量变化.结果表明,东南景天和玉米套种只适合在春夏季进行,套种显著提高植物对Zn和Cd的提取效率;在秋冬季,套种或混合螯合剂均影响东南景天生长,降低了东南景天对Zn和Cd的提取;总体上单种东南景天处理对污染土壤的Zn和Cd的总提取量最大.然而,土壤Zn、Cd和Pb含量降低幅度最大的为套种+MC处理,与初始值相比降低幅度分别为28%、50%和22%,该处理土壤重金属含量的降低,主要归于混合螯合剂作用下重金属向下层土壤迁移.渗滤水监测结果表明,在试验期内,施加混合螯合剂提高渗滤水重金属浓度,但未明显超过地下水Ⅲ级标准.  相似文献   

2.
可生物降解螯合剂GLDA强化三叶草修复镉污染土壤   总被引:13,自引:4,他引:9  
螯合剂可增加重金属的生物可利用性,强化植物的富集作用.以三叶草为研究对象,通过盆栽试验考察不同浓度可生物降解螯合剂谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸(GLDA)对三叶草修复重金属Cd污染土壤的影响机制.结果表明,低剂量GLDA能显著促进三叶草的生长,其中以2. 5 mmol·kg~(-1)的处理浓度三叶草生物量最高,达到对照组的1. 30倍;不同浓度GLDA均能提高三叶草各部分的Cd含量,总体而言,5 mmol·kg~(-1)GLDA的处理效果最为理想,根部、地上部分和整株Cd含量分别为对照组的3. 57、4. 69和4. 67倍; GLDA能显著增加土壤有效态Cd含量,促进三叶草根部对其直接吸收,并较好地转运至地上部分;通过拟合土壤理化性质、GLDA与三叶草Cd含量的线性关系得出的预测模型,可为今后土壤-三叶草富集效果的研究提供参考.研究表明,在强化植物修复重金属Cd污染土壤方面,生物可降解螯合剂GLDA具有潜在应用前景.  相似文献   

3.
选择了2种生物可降解螯合剂柠檬酸(CA)和谷氨酸N, N-二乙酸(GLDA)与常规淋洗剂乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对矿区重金属污染黄棕壤和红壤进行化学淋洗实验, 对比不同淋洗剂对不同类型土壤中Cd、Ni的去除效果, 以及不同淋洗处理对2类土壤中残留重金属的形态分布、潜在环境风险及土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明: EDTA和GLDA对2类土壤中重金属均有较好的淋洗效果, 在降低土壤内残留重金属迁移性和生物可利用性方面能力相似, 但GLDA和CA淋洗后对土壤酶活性不利影响显著低于EDTA淋洗, 综合考虑淋洗效率和生态安全, 在重金属污染的酸性土壤中GLDA可作为常规淋洗剂EDTA的良好替代物.  相似文献   

4.
套种和化学淋洗联合技术修复重金属污染土壤   总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
联合不同的重金属污染土壤修复技术可以弥补单一措施的不足,其中植物提取联合化学淋洗技术就是有效的途径之一.本研究通过盆栽试验,在东南景天和玉米套种情况下,用不同浓度和种类的混合试剂对土壤进行化学淋洗,测定淋洗液中重金属含量、植物的吸收量以及土壤重金属的剩余量.结果表明,第1季10 mmol.L-1的混合试剂对套种系统淋洗,Zn、Cd的总去除量(植物提取量和淋洗量)最高,两季合计对Zn、Cd的总去除率分别达到6.0%、40.46%,大于单一植物提取.土壤测定结果表明,通过两季(约9个月)套种植物联合淋洗技术处理后,土壤重金属Cd、Zn和Pb的降低率分别达到27.8%~44.6%、12.6%~16.5%和3.6%~5.7%.50 mmol.L-1的混合试剂对套种系统淋洗,会影响后季东南景天的生长,而且淋洗结束后用清水淋洗产生的淋出液浓度高于其他低浓度处理,风险较大.EDDS(乙二胺二琥珀酸)混合试剂亦能促进东南景天吸收Zn和Cd,但不能有效淋洗出土壤中的Pb.在该套种+淋洗联合技术中,Zn、Cd的去除主要靠植物提取,Pb的去除主要靠淋洗,套种+淋洗加快土壤修复,而且可能解决Zn/Cd/Pb复合污染问题.  相似文献   

5.
用盆栽试验的方法,研究了3种可生物降解螯合剂谷氨酸二乙酸四钠(GLDA)、甲基甘氨酸二乙酸(MGDA)、乙二胺二琥珀酸(EDDS)和1种传统螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA),在不同浓度(0,1.25,2.50,5.00,10.00 mmol/kg)下对蜈蚣草吸收土壤中As的影响。研究表明:4种螯合剂在1.25 mmol/kg时均能显著提高蜈蚣草生物量。EDDS在10 mmol/kg时根际土壤生物有效态As的含量最高,较空白组CK提高了69.2%。GLDA在10.00 mmol/kg时根际土壤As较原土壤降低了28.84%。浓度为5.00 mmol/kg的EDDS处理的蜈蚣草对As的富集系数BCF最高,为7.99,是CK的1.70倍。综合蜈蚣草生物量和对As的BCF值来看,5.00 mmol/kg MGDA地上部分对As积累量最大,其值为2648.65 μg/pot,较CK提高了65.92%。已被广泛应用于修复土壤Cd和Zn领域的新型螯合剂GLDA和MGDA在修复土壤As污染同样具有明显的潜力。  相似文献   

6.
为了研究螯合剂对污染土壤Cd向下迁移的影响,对采自广东省乐昌市和清远市的2种铅锌矿废水污染水稻土(分别为中性和酸性土壤)进行100 cm土柱室外淋溶试验,研究在玉米与东南景天套种系统中,在5 mmol.kg-1土的混合螯合剂[MC∶柠檬酸∶味精废液∶EDTA∶KCl(摩尔比)=10∶1∶2∶3]的强化作用下对2种污染土壤中Cd的淋滤行为的影响.结果表明,施加混合螯合剂后第2 d,混合螯合剂能明显提高2种土壤各土层淋滤液Cd浓度;施后第8 d混合螯合剂仍能继续提高中性土壤20 cm以下土层和酸性土壤60 cm以下土层淋滤液Cd的浓度,但其活化作用均已迅速下降.施后第2 d和第8 d,2种土壤各土层的套种+MC处理的淋滤液Cd浓度均超过国家地下水质量标准(GB/T 14848-93).施加混合螯合剂可降低中性土壤表层全Cd量.不同处理的土壤Cd均有向下层迁移的趋势,尤其是酸性土壤,在20 cm和40 cm处不同处理的全Cd量与起始值比较分别下降了40%~58%和39%~49%,经过100 d的修复即可达到土壤环境质量标准(GB 15618-1995).上述结果表明,施用混合螯合剂对Cd污染土壤的地下水水质存在一定的潜在污染风险.  相似文献   

7.
为探索螯合剂和东南景天联合修复重金属锌污染土壤的效率,通过盆栽试验的定量分析,研究了3种螯合剂(EDTANa2、有机酸柠檬酸、有机肥)对东南景天吸收土壤中锌的影响程度。结果表明,3种螯合剂均能促进东南景天的生长,其促进效果为EDTA-Na2>柠檬酸>有机肥;3种螯合剂中,EDTA-Na2对东南景天地上部吸收锌的促进效果最好,提高幅度为29.0%;其次是柠檬酸,提高幅度为19.1%;最后是有机肥,提高幅度为6.3%。EDTA-Na2、有机酸柠檬酸、有机肥添加后,污染土壤中重金属锌含量的削减率依次为11.7%、10.5%、9.1%。  相似文献   

8.
东南景天与不同植物混作对土壤重金属吸收的影响   总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24       下载免费PDF全文
将超富集东南景天(Sedum alfredii)与具有不同根系特征的玉米、黑麦草、大豆混作在受Zn、Cd、Pb污染的土壤中,研究不同组别的混作对重金属吸收的效果.结果表明,在本试验条件下,与玉米和大豆的混作显著地提高了东南景天地上部分对Zn的吸收,由单种的15345mg/kg分别增至18673,17266mg/kg;与黑麦草的混作没有显著影响东南景天对3种重金属的吸收.混作后显著地降低了玉米和黑麦草对Cd和Zn的吸收.结合生物量的增加,与玉米和大豆混作处理中东南景天地上部3种重金属的吸收总量(按半盆计)分别约为单种的1.68~1.87倍,说明通过混作可提高超富集植物对重金属的吸收.  相似文献   

9.
采用盆栽培养试验研究了在螯合剂作用下,大白菜对电子垃圾拆解场地重金属污染土壤中锌(Zn)的修复,以及不同螯合剂对土壤中Zn形态和磷酸酶活性的影响。结果表明:随着螯合剂EDTA、草酸和EDDS浓度的增大,其对土壤中Zn的去除率大小表现为EDDSEDTA草酸;当螯合剂为EDDS且浓度为5mmol/kg时,土壤中Zn的去除率达到最大值66.97%,但由于EDDS浓度升高后会导致植物死亡,因此EDDS的最佳浓度应为3mmol/kg;当螯合剂为EDTA且浓度为3.11mmol/kg时,土壤中磷酸酶活性达到最大,是原始土壤的2.173倍;在草酸、EDTA和EDDS 3种螯合剂作用下,与原始土壤相比土壤中可交换态Zn的含量明显增大,其他形态Zn的含量均有不同程度的降低,而且螯合剂EDDS对土壤中Zn形态的影响较其他螯合剂显著。  相似文献   

10.
3-吲哚乙酸协同螯合剂强化植物提取重金属的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
螯合剂的潜在环境风险以及重金属/金属螯合物对植物的胁迫作用是限制重金属污染土壤的螯合诱导植物提取技术应用的2个主要障碍.以玉米为试验材料进行室内盆栽,通过添加螯合剂EDTA和氨三乙酸(NTA)进行螯合诱导植物提取研究,并以植物激素3-吲哚乙酸(IAA)来缓解重金属对植物的胁迫作用.结果表明,EDTA&IAA处理玉米地上部生物量比EDTA处理增加40.0%,地上部Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb累积量分别增加27.0%、26.8%、27.5%和32.8%;NTA&IAA处理玉米地上部生物量比NTA处理增加29.9%,地上部Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb累积量分别增加31.8%、27.6%、17.0%和26.9%.结果表明,IAA能缓解重金属/螯合剂的植物毒性,促进植物根系伸长,增加植物生物量,协同螯合剂促进植物对重金属的吸收、转运和积累,显著提高植物提取效率.  相似文献   

11.
通过盆栽试验,研究清洁有机物料(沼渣、菌渣、笋壳)对镉、锌超积累植物东南景天修复重金属污染程度不同的土壤(分别采自温州和富阳,称温州土和富阳土)的影响.结果表明,有机物料对土壤重金属有效性的影响因有机物料种类和添加量而异,不同重金属元素的反应也不同.在温州土中,以5%沼渣对Cu、Zn的活化效果最好;而在富阳土中则以1%笋壳对Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的活化效果最好.有机物料的添加促进了东南景天的生长,其生物量随着有机物料添加量的提高而增加,增幅达23.7%~93.0%.在温州土中,仅以1%笋壳的处理对东南景天地上部吸收积累Cd的效果最佳,超过对照的22.6%,而其余各处理皆不及对照;对于Zn,菌渣处理不及对照,而其它处理均优于对照,以5%沼渣、1%笋壳和5%笋壳为佳,分别超过对照的39.6%、32.6%和23.8%.而在富阳土中,对于Cd而言,以5%笋壳、1%沼渣和5%沼渣的处理效果为佳,地上部Cd积累量超过对照的12.9%、12.8%和6.2%,而其余处理皆不及对照;对于Zn,添加有机物料的各处理都促进了东南景天地上部Zn的积累,最佳处理分别为:5%笋壳、5%沼渣和5%菌渣,分别超过对照的38.4%、25.7%和22.4%.  相似文献   

12.
为了探讨利用伴矿景天(Sedum plumbizincicola)修复北方重金属污染土壤的可行性,在河南省某铅冶炼形成的污染农田(全镉、铅和锌含量分别为2.65、261和130 mg·kg-1)上种植种子苗或扦插苗伴矿景天,并设对照(CK)、单独尿素(U)、尿素和单质硫(U+S)、尿素与鸡粪(U+CM)配合处理,生长7个月后采样分析.结果表明,种子苗产量比扦插苗高45.8%~162.0%,U、U+CM处理产量均明显高于CK,而U+S处理产量有所下降.种子苗地上部镉含量比扦插苗高15%~99%(p0.05),多数处理铅和锌含量也是种子苗高于扦插苗.与CK相比,各处理措施均导致伴矿景天地上部镉和铅含量下降,而U+S、U+CM处理均导致伴矿景天地上部锌含量上升.从伴矿景天地上部重金属积累量判断,与CK相比,对于镉,仅种子苗U+CM处理镉积累量有所上升;U处理种子苗和扦插苗地上部锌积累量分别比CK上升43.5%和32.3%,两种苗U+S处理锌积累量比CK分别上升11.1%和22.3%.种子苗和扦插苗地上部镉的积累量分别为137~178 g·hm-2和43.7~64.8 g·hm-2,锌的积累量分别为297~1042 g·hm-2和162~326 g·hm-2,两类苗对铅的积累量小于28.8 g·hm-2.U+CM处理对伴矿景天地上部锌吸收的促进作用主要是由于鸡粪中含有大量的有效锌.以上结果表明,可利用种子苗伴矿景天结合尿素的施用对铅冶炼污染石灰性土壤进行修复.  相似文献   

13.
谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸四钠(GLDA)具有较强金属螯合能力,是新一代生物可降解绿色螯合剂.通过分批提取实验对GLDA去除工业污泥中Cd、Ni、Cu、Zn的萃取过程进行研究,考察了萃取时间、萃取体系p H值、螯合剂用量等因素对重金属萃取效果的影响,并采用修正的BCR连续提取法分析萃取前后污泥中重金属的形态.结果表明,GLDA对污泥中Cd具有良好的去除效果;体系在p H=4,螯合剂与重金属总量摩尔比为3∶1的条件下,多种重金属取得最佳萃取效果;Zn主要以残渣态存在,导致该金属萃取率低;螯合能力不仅与萃取时间,萃取体系p H值,螯合剂用量,螯合常数等因素有关,而且还与金属的形态分布有关.  相似文献   

14.
Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environment-friendly strategy for decontaminating heavy-metal-contaminated soil. However, the practical use of phytoremediation is constrained by the low biomass of plants and low bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the metal chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and EDTA in combination with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Burkholderia sp. D54 or Burkholderia sp. D416) on the growth and metal uptake of the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance. According to the results, EDTA application decreased shoot and root biomass by 50% and 43%, respectively. The soil respiration and Cd, Pb, Zn uptake were depressed, while the photosynthetic rate, glutathione and phytochelatin (PC) contents were increased by EDTA application. Interestingly, Burkholderia sp. D54 and Burkholderia sp. D416 inoculation significantly relieved the inhibitory effects of EDTA on plant growth and soil respiration. Compared with the control, EDTA + D416 treatment increased the Cd concentration in shoots and decreased the Pb concentration in shoots and roots, but did not change the Zn concentration in S. alfredii plants. Furthermore, EDTA, EDTA + D54 and EDTA + D416 application increased the cysteine and PC contents in S. alfredii (p < 0.05); among all tested PCs, the most abundant species was PC2, and compared with the control, the PC2 content was increased by 371.0%, 1158.6% and 815.6%, respectively. These results will provide some insights into the practical use of EDTA and PGPR in the phytoremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil by S. alfredii.  相似文献   

15.
Removal of metals by sorghum plants from contaminated land   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The growth of high biomass crops facilitated by optimal of agronomic practices has been considered as an alternative to phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals. A field trial was carried out to evaluate the phytoextraction efficiency of heavy metals by three varieties of sweet sorghum (Sorghum biocolor L.), a high biomass energy plant. Ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and ammonium sulphate ((NH4)2SO4) were tested for their abilities to enhance the removal of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu by sweet sorghum from a contaminated agricultural soil. Sorghum plants always achieved the greatest removal of Pb by leaves and the greatest removal of Cd, Zn and Cu by stems. There was no significant difference among the Keller, Rio and Mray varieties of sweet sorghums in accumulating heavy metals. EDTA treatment was more efficient than ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate in promoting Pb accumulation in sweet sorghum from the contaminated agricultural soil. The application of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate increased the accumulation of both Zn and Cd in roots of sorghum plants. Results from this study suggest that cropping of sorghum plants facilitated by agronomic practices may be a sustainable technique for partial decontamination of heavy metal contaminated soils.  相似文献   

16.
The combination of intercropping and phytoremediation in the remediation of cadmium contaminated soil is an emerging model in recent years, but the results of previous studies are inconsistent. In the field experiment, eggplant was intercropped with hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance (inoculated or not inoculated with endophytic bacteria) to study the effects of intercropping on vegetable safety production, phytoremediation efficiency of hyperaccumulator and variation of soil available nutrients. The results showed that the intercropping treatment had a negative effect on the growth of eggplant and Sedum, but endophyte SaMR12 alleviated the inhibition of intercropping on plant growth. Intercropping treatment increases the Cd concentration in edible part of eggplant to 1.34 mg/kg compared with eggplant monoculture (1.19 mg/kg). While the application of SaMR12 reduces the Cd concentration of eggplant fruit to 0.95 mg/kg and significantly promotes the Cd uptake by Sedum. What's more surprising is that compared with eggplant monocropping, the content of soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the treatment of intercropping with inoculated Sedum increased significantly. And according to the correlation analysis of various indexes of plants and soil, the Cd content of eggplant is negatively correlated with the available phosphorus and potassium in the soil, while the Cd content of Sedum is positively correlated with it, which suggested that the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in this experimental site was beneficial to reduce Cd content in eggplant and improve Cd phytoextraction of Sedum. Therefore, in the daily production of moderately Cd-contaminated soil, intercropping eggplant with Sedum inoculated with endophytic bacteria is an excellent Phytoextraction Coupled with Agro-safe-production (PCA) pattern.  相似文献   

17.
Chelant-enhanced phytoextraction is one of the most promising technologies to remove heavy metals from soil. The key of the technology is to choose suitable additives in combination with a suitable plant. In the present study, laboratory batch experiment of metal solubilization, cress seeds germination were undertaken to investigate the metal-mobilizing capability and the phytotoxicity of organic additives, including ethylene diamine triacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, glutamine and monosodium glutamate waste liquid (MGWL) from food industry. Experiments in pots were carried out to study the effects of the additives on Zn and Cd phytoextraction. Furthermore, a leaching experiment with lysimeter was performed to evaluate the environmental risks of additive-induced leaching to underground water. The results showed that EDTA had a strong mobilizing ability for Zn and Cd, followed by mixed reagent (MR) and MGWL. MGWL and acetic acid at 5 mmol equivalent per liter resulted in seed germination index less than 2%. Experiments in pots verified the phytotoxicity of acetic acid and MGWL. Addition of the mixed reagent at 6--10 mmol/kg significantly increased Zn phytoextraction by Thlaspi caerulescens. The same for EDTA and the mixed reagent at 10 mmol/kg by Sedum dfredii. But only mixed reagents could significantly increase Cd phytoextraction by the studied hyperaccumulators. This suggested that the strong chelant was not always the good agent to enhance phytoextraction. S. alfredii combined with 2--10 mmol/kg soil MR was preferred for phytoremediation of Cd/Zn contaminated soils in southern China, this could result in high phytoextraction of Cd/Zn and reduce the leaching risk to underground water than EDTA assisted phytoextration.  相似文献   

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