首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
酱油污水污泥脱水的影响因素及其作用机理   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
为提高酱油污水污泥的脱水性能及絮凝剂的利用率,降低污泥的处理成本,实验考察了酱油污水污泥的含水率、丝状菌、厌氧时间和pH等对污泥脱水性能的影响,明确对其进行机械脱水的适宜条件。结果表明:机械脱水前浓缩污泥适宜的含水率为97%,此时,调质后的污泥有最低的比阻和最高的药剂利用率,最佳用药量与干泥的质量比小于0.3%;丝状菌的数量和长度可以影响污水污泥中水分的存在形式,并改变污泥的脱水性能;在厌氧过程中,污泥的ρ(还原糖)和污泥脱水性能有较强的相关性;当pH接近污泥的等电点时,污泥的比阻变小。  相似文献   

2.
为提高剩余污泥脱水性能,本文采用单因素实验确定草酸、壳聚糖和CaO各因素的影响水平范围,基于响应曲面优化法建立了污泥滤饼含水率预测模型,通过粒子群算法计算污泥滤饼含水率预测模型,优化草酸、壳聚糖与CaO联合调理污泥脱水的最佳配比,并分析了污泥调理过程中胞外聚合物(EPS)的变化特性,深入解析了污泥脱水的关键机制.结果表明,草酸、壳聚糖与CaO联合调理污泥能明显提高污泥脱水性能,调理后的污泥滤饼含水率为64.017%,最佳投加量分别为0.377,0.029,0.040g/g;模型拟合度良好(R2=0.9651),方差分析表明草酸对于污泥滤饼含水率的影响为主要因素;草酸投加量与溶解型EPS(SL-EPS)呈显著正相关关系,而与紧密型EPS(TB-EPS)呈显著负相关关系.该研究成果可为剩余污泥脱水性能的提高提供技术与方法参考.  相似文献   

3.
近年来,随着污水处理率的提高,污泥产量逐年增加,对污泥脱水的要求也日益提高,为改善污泥脱水性能,化学调质被越来越广泛的研究和应用.以污泥毛细吸水时间(CST)、机械脱水泥饼的含水率以及加药成本为指标,考察了几种有机和无机调质药剂对生活污水厂剩余污泥脱水性能的影响,并最终确定了最佳的调质药剂.通过大量试验筛选,含水率95.1%左右的剩余浓缩污泥经加药调质后CST明显减小,再经板框压滤最终泥饼含水率可降至50%以下,且加药成本较低.  相似文献   

4.
粉煤灰-粘土砖烧制过程处理城市污水污泥的试验研究   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
以城市污水污泥(以下简称城市污泥)为研究对象,进行粉煤灰-粘土砖烧制过程处理城市污泥的试验研究。结果表明:煤中掺入20%左右含水率90%的污泥,可改善和提高煤的燃烧特性;粉煤灰-粘土砖中掺入30%左右含水率80%的污泥不影响烧制成品的各项性能:整个过程中可资源化利用50%左右城市污泥。  相似文献   

5.
为有效降低城市污水处理厂剩余污泥含水率,通过酸-低热(温度 < 100℃)联合处理污泥,探索该方法对污泥的脱水性能.研究不同pH、反应温度、反应时间对污泥脱水性能的影响,并对污泥上清液中SCOD、蛋白质、多糖的浓度以及污泥Zeta电位和污泥形貌进行分析,初步探讨其脱水的作用机理.结果表明:①酸-低热联合处理污泥时,污泥溶解性有机质大量释放,经过40 min反应,上清液中SCOD浓度达到925.76 mg/L,表明该方法能有效破解污泥EPS(胞外聚合物),释放内部结合水.②原污泥Zeta电位为-14.10 mV,酸-低热联合处理后降至-3.49 mV,污泥颗粒之间的静电斥力显著降低.③酸-低热联合处理有利于污泥的絮凝作用,显微镜观察处理后的污泥絮凝物大且结构紧密,污泥脱水性能得到改善.④试验获得的最佳处理条件为pH 3、温度90℃、加热时间40 min,在该条件下,污泥真空脱水初始速率可达20.67 mL/min(以80 g原泥计),泥饼真空抽滤后含水率可降至63.05%.研究显示,酸-低热联合处理可有效提高剩余污泥脱水性能,并能释放较多溶解性有机质,抽滤后污泥含水率可降至接近60%,是一种可行的低能耗污泥脱水方法.   相似文献   

6.
污泥含有大量的病菌和虫卵,卫生不达标;由于工业废水、人畜粪便排放,金属管网的腐蚀使污泥中含有重金属;污泥中含有大量的发臭物质,直接使用臭味极大;脱水后污泥含水率在75~80%之间,含水率较高;污泥呈非土壤颗粒状,物理结构不合理。以上分析,污泥是一种污染源,不能直接作为产品应用或自然填埋。  相似文献   

7.
不同调理方案下污泥脱水性能评价指标的相关性研究   总被引:11,自引:4,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
刘欢  杨家宽  时亚飞  李野  何姝 《环境科学》2011,32(11):3394-3399
污泥脱水性能评价指标选取不同导致目前调理剂难以进行比选.以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、FeCl3及无机复合物等几种常用的调理剂为例,通过测定调理后污泥比阻(SRF)、毛细吸水时间(CST)、污泥沉降性能、泥饼含水率及污泥脱水率5个常用评价指标,探讨了各种指标之间的相关性.结果表明,当分别使用不同种类和不同投加量的调理剂时,SRF与CST具有良好的正线性相关性(R2分别为0.96、0.93).SRF及CST均能准确地反映污泥板框压滤脱水性能,但不能很好地预测离心脱水效果.污泥的沉降性能与SRF、CST大致呈现出相同的变化规律.由于泥饼含水率与脱水率存在一定的相关性,但不存在对应性,因此优选调理剂时,建议综合考虑泥饼含水率和脱水率.  相似文献   

8.
膜覆盖高温好氧发酵工艺是一种将微孔功能膜作为脱水污泥好氧发酵处理覆盖物的工艺技术。本实验利用上海奉贤污泥厂的新鲜脱水生活污泥,采用两阶段共24d的膜覆盖高温好氧发酵工艺。实验结果表明:通过调节物料含水率和C/N,经过膜覆盖高温好氧发酵处理,污泥有机质发生降解,含水率不断下降,最终稳定在45%左右;2种不同工况的最高温度均达到70℃以上,并在60℃维持8天以上,有效杀灭病原菌及杂草种子,实现污泥无害化、稳定化和减量化的要求。  相似文献   

9.
水力空化-酸化调理增强污泥脱水性能分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
研究了水力空化-酸化调理作用于污泥脱水的机理。以污泥比阻(specific resistance to filtration,SRF)、污泥含水率和污泥毛细吸水时间(capillary sunction time,CST)作为主要的评价指标,测定污泥胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)中多糖、蛋白含量并进行了污泥酸化程度、污泥电子显微图像分析。结果表明:经水力空化-酸化调理污泥,污泥含水率和SRF分别从83.1%和5.12×1011 m/kg下降到69.8%和2.41×1011 m/kg,CST由50 s下降至20.8 s,各EPS组分含量下降明显,酸化作用通过影响污泥的溶解型胞外聚合物(S-EPS)和松散结合型胞外聚合物(LB-EPS)中的多糖及蛋白含量改变污泥的脱水性,pH=3时污泥脱水效果最好。综上所述,水力空化-酸化调理能大大增强污泥的脱水性能,在实际工程中具有很大的应用价值。  相似文献   

10.
本文考察了高温厌氧消化处理炼油厂浮选的过滤脱水效果,得出在污泥停留时间为10天的条件下,厌氧过程能较好地进行;高温消化后的污泥过滤脱水性能有较大的改善;过滤后的滤饼含水率明显降低,由新鲜浮渣的91%可降到57%。  相似文献   

11.
Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone (BP 1,6- quinone), trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP 7,8-diol), 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBP), were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that (1) the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; (2) the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; (3) the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% (w/v), concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.  相似文献   

12.
Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.  相似文献   

13.
Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity (both in gene richness and diversity index values) and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor (50 mg/kg) recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos (150 mg/kg) caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes (bands) responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals: four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.  相似文献   

14.
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.  相似文献   

15.
Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels (behavior, sublethal, lethal). In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints (acute, chronic, behavioral). Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In the present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides.  相似文献   

16.
Bottled water may not be safer, or healthier, than tap water. The present studies have proved that styrene and some other aromatic compounds leach continuously from polystyrene (PS) bottles used locally for packaging. Water sapmles in contact with PS were extracted by a preconcentration technique called as "purge and trap" and analysed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Eleven aromatic compounds were identified in these studies. Maximum concentration of styrene in PS bottles was 29.5 μg/L. Apart from styrene, ethyl benzene, toluene and benzene were also quantified but their concentrations were much less than WHO guide line values. All other compounds were in traces. Quality of plastic and storage time were the major factor in leaching of styrene. Concentration of styrene was increased to 69.53 μg/L after one-year storage. In Styrofoam and PS cups studies, hot water was found to be contaminated with styrene and other aromatic compounds. It was observed that temperature played a major role in the leaching of styrene monomer from Styrofoam cups. Paper cups were found to be safe for hot drinks.  相似文献   

17.
In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato (Solanum tuberosum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena), for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.  相似文献   

18.
UNITANK is a biological wastewater treatment process that combines the advantages of traditional activated sludge process and sequencing batch reactor, which is divided into Tank A, B and C. In this study, the sludge distribution and its impact on performance of UNITANK were carried out in Liede Wastewater Plant (WWTP) of Guangzhou, China. Results showed that there was a strong affiliation between Tank A and B of the system in sludge concentration distribution. The initial sludge concentration in Tank A could present the sludge distribution of the whole system. The sludge distribution was mainly influenced by hydraulic condition. Unsteady sludge distribution had an impact on variations of substrates in reactors, especially in decisive reactor, and this could lead to failure of system. Settler could partially remove substrates such as COD and NO3-N, but there was adventure of sludge deterioration. The rational initial sludge concentration in Tank A should be 4000-6000 mg/L MLSS.  相似文献   

19.
Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury (HgT), combinative mercury (Hgc) and gaseous mercury (HgG), and content of total organic carbon (TOC), but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of (HgG,/HgT)1992〉(HgG/HgT)1996〉〉(HgG/HgT)2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn: with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants (e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum) are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.  相似文献   

20.
Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号