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1.
赤泥中和是实现堆场植被复垦的必要途径,而醋渣和糠醛渣是赤泥降碱和改良效果较好的2种生物质材料.针对赤泥碱性降低过程中理化性质的改变,根据MEP(多级提取程序)毒性溶出以及BCR形态分级试验,对醋渣和糠醛渣对赤泥中金属行为的影响进行了研究.结果表明:添加20%的醋渣和糠醛渣后,赤泥pH从10.60分别降至9.61和8.96,w(TOC)从8.04 g/kg分别增至35.11和38.62 g/kg,赤泥比表面积从10.18 m2/g分别降至7.36和8.57 m2/g,CEC(阳离子交换量)从106.28 cmol/kg分别增至127.19和161.59 cmol/kg;赤泥中Mo的最低浸出浓度为0.37 mg/L,超过GB/T 14848—1993《地下水质量标准》中Mo的Ⅲ类标准限值(0.1 mg/L);醋渣和糠醛渣可有效抑制赤泥中Al、V、Pb的浸出,但却可促进Cu、Mn、Ni和Mo的浸出,四者的最高浸出浓度分别可达64.45、17.64、12.09 μg/L和29.37 mg/L;醋渣和糠醛渣的添加可导致Al、V和Pb向稳定性较高的残渣态转化,Ni则向稳定性较低的酸可提取态转化.研究显示,糠醛渣比醋渣有更强的中和能力,对赤泥中金属稳定性影响较小.赤泥中金属元素具有潜在的长期浸出性且环境风险较高.   相似文献   

2.
赤泥碱性调控研究进展   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
赤泥是氧化铝工业生产过程产生的强碱性固体废弃物,资源化利用难、环境风险高,严重制约了氧化铝行业的可持续发展.赤泥土壤化是实现规模化处置赤泥的一种可行方法,而碱性调控则是赤泥土壤化的关键环节.论文在综述氧化铝生产过程碱性物质形成过程的基础上,从可溶性碱和化学结合碱角度分析了赤泥碱性物质的赋存状态,阐述了国内外化学调碱法和生物调碱法的研究进展和碱性转化机制,剖析了赤泥碱性调控方面存在的问题,提出了赤泥碱性调控研究的发展方向.这将为赤泥规模化处置和堆场生态重建、保障氧化铝工业的健康发展提供科学参考.  相似文献   

3.
A column leaching experiment was used to investigate the efficacy of amendments on their ability to remove alkaline anions and metal ions from bauxite residue leachates. Treatments included, simulated acid rain(AR), phosphogypsum + vermicompost(PVC), phosphogypsum +vermicompost + simulated acid rain(PVA), and biosolids + microorganisms(BSM) together with controls(CK). Results indicated that amendment could effectively reduce the leachate pH and EC values, neutralize OH~-, CO_3~(2-), HCO_3~-, and water soluble alkali, and suppress arsenic(As)content. Correlation analysis revealed significant linear correlations with pH and concentrations of OH~-, CO_3~(2-), HCO_3~-, water-soluble alkali, and metal ions. BSM treatment showed optimum results with neutralizing anions(OH~-, CO_3~(2-), and HCO_3~-), water soluble alkali, and removal of metal ions(Al, As, B, Mo, V, and Na), which was attributed to neutralization from the generation of small molecular organic acids and organic matter during microbial metabolism. BSM treatment reduced alkaline anions and metal ions based on neutralization reactions in bauxite residue leachate, which reduced the potential pollution effects from leachates on the soil surrounding bauxite residue disposal areas.  相似文献   

4.
Soil formation and ecological rehabilitation is the most promising strategy to eliminate environmental risks of bauxite residue disposal areas. Its poor physical structure is nevertheless a major limitation to plant growth. Organic materials were demonstrated as effective ameliorants to improve the physical conditions of bauxite residue. In this study, three different organic materials including straw (5% W/W), humic acid (5% W/W), and humic acid-acrylamide polymer (0.2% and 0.4%, W/W) were selected to evaluate their effects on physical conditions of bauxite residue pretreated by phosphogypsum following a 120-day incubation experiment. The proportion of 2-1 mm macro-aggregates, mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GWD) increased following organic materials addition, which indicated that organic materials could enhance aggregate stability. Compared with straw, and humic acid, humic acid-acrylamide polymer application had improved effects on the formation of water-stable aggregates in the residues. Furthermore, organic materials increased the total porosity, total pore volume and average pore diameter, and reduced the micropore content according to nitrogen gas adsorption (NA) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) analysis, whilst enhancing water retention of the residues based on water characteristic curves. Compared with traditional organic wastes, humic acid-acrylamide polymer could be regarded as a candidate according to the comprehensive consideration of the additive amount and the effects on physical conditions of bauxite residue. These findings could provide a novel application to both Ca-contained acid solid waste and high-molecular polymers on ecological rehabilitation at disposal areas.  相似文献   

5.
Bauxite residue, a byproduct of alumina manufacture, is a serious environmental pollutant due to its high leaching contents of metals and caustic compounds. Four typical anions of CO32?, HCO3?, Al(OH)4? and OH? (represented caustic compounds) and metal ions (As, B, Mo and V) were selected to assess their leaching behavior under dealkalization process with different conditions including liquid/solid ratio (L/S ratio), temperature and leaching time. The results revealed that washing process could remove the soluble composition in bauxite residue effectively. The leaching concentrations of typical anions in bauxite residue decreased as follows: c(CO32?) > c(HCO3?) > c[Al(OH)4?] > c(OH?). L/S ratio had a more significant effect on leaching behavior of OH?, whilst the leaching concentration of Al(OH)4? varied larger underleaching temperature and time treatment. Under the optimal leaching, the total alkaline, soluble Na concentrations, exchangeable Ca concentrations were 79.52, 68.93, and 136.0 mmol/L, respectively, whilst the soluble and exchangeable content of As, B, Mo and V in bauxite residue changed slightly. However, it should be noted that water leaching has released metal ions such as As, B, Mo and V in bauxite residue to the surrounding environment. The semiquantitative analysis of XRD revealed that water leaching increased the content of gismondine from 2.4% to 6.4%. The SEM images demonstrated the dissolution of caustic compounds on bauxite residue surface. The correlation analysis indicated that CO32? and HCO3? could effectively reflect the alkalinity of bauxite residue, and may be regarded as critical dealkalization indicators to evaluate alkalinity removal in bauxite residue.  相似文献   

6.
为了明确黄河源区斑块化退化高寒草甸土壤细菌和真菌群落对长期封育的响应特征,通过对土壤理化性质分析和高通量测序技术,对1年期(E1)、短期(E4)和长期(E10)围栏封育下土壤pH、含水量、养分和微生物群落组成及多样性进行分析.结果表明,E1封育显著降低土壤pH,而长短期封育均显著提高土壤pH,长期封育能显著提高土壤含水量和全氮含量,短期封育能显著提高土壤速效磷含量.长期封育能显著提高细菌变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和真菌子囊菌门(Ascomycota)相对丰度,短期封育能显著提高细菌酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)相对丰度,但长短期封育均使真菌担子菌门(Basidiomycota)相对丰度下降;随着封育年限的延长,细菌的Chao1和Shannon多样性指数呈增加趋势,长短期封育无显著差异,真菌的Chao1指数逐渐增加,Shannon多样性指数先增加后减小,长短期封育无显著差异.冗余分析(RDA)表明,围栏封育主要通过改变土壤pH和含水量来改变微生物群落组成和结构.因此,E4短期封育能明显改善斑块化退化高寒草甸的土壤理化性质和微生物多样性,无需进行长期封育,否则会造...  相似文献   

7.
针对淤泥固化土板结程度高,养分不足等缺陷,采用菌渣辅以MgSO4,通过物理掺和的方式改良固化土,用于园林绿化利用。通过对菌渣改良土的物理性状特性和养分含量分析、黑麦草种子发芽实验和盆栽实验,探究了菌渣掺量和粒径对淤泥固化土改良的影响。结果表明:淤泥固化土掺入40 g/kg的5~10 mm菌渣和0.2 g/kg MgSO4后改良效果最佳,黑麦草株高增加了32.3%,干重提高了126.7%。菌渣的疏松多孔可改善土壤孔隙结构、降低土壤容重、提升土壤保水性;MgSO4补充了缺失的有效镁和有效硫;菌渣自身的营养物质提升了土壤有机质、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾等养分含量,进而提高土壤保肥能力。菌渣可作为土壤改良剂实现淤泥固化土的低成本改良利用。  相似文献   

8.
Bacteria thriving in underground systems, such as karsts, adapt to use a variety of nutrients. Most of these nutrients derive from superficial processes. This study shows that bacteria are able to differentially induce carbonate precipitation or dissolution depending on the availability of nutrients for growth. Different bacterial strains isolated from caves, representing the most common components of these microbial communities, were cultured with different carbon and nitrogen sources (e.g., acetate, glucose, peptone, humic acids) and induced changes in pH were measured during growth. Carbonate can either precipitate or dissolve during bacterial growth. The induction of carbonate precipitates or their dissolution as a function of consumption of specific carbon sources revealed the existence of an active nutrient cycling process in karsts and links nutrients and environmental conditions to the existence of a highly significant carbon sink in subterraneous environments.  相似文献   

9.
李毳  景炬辉  刘晋仙  柴宝峰 《环境科学》2018,39(4):1804-1812
随机过程和确定性过程对群落动态的影响机制及重要性是群落生态学研究的中心课题,也是目前群落生态学最具争议的问题.微生物群落在生态系统物质循环和能量流动过程中发挥着重要作用,对其结构动态的研究不仅为阐明群落构建机制提供重要的数据支持,而且为预测环境胁迫条件下微生物群落结构的动态提供理论依据.本研究通过Illumina MiSeq测序的方法,分析了中条山十八河尾矿库坝面不同恢复阶段细菌和真菌群落结构特征.结果表明,研究区尾矿坝不同恢复年限土壤理化性质发生梯度变化,植物群落结构呈现一定的演替趋势,植物群落多样性与土壤养分显著相关,而与土壤重金属含量无相关性.不同恢复年限的土壤微生物群落结构具有显著差异,其中优势细菌主要有变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria);优势真菌主要有子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、接合菌门(Zygomycota).微生物群落组成主要受到土壤养分和重金属含量的影响,而植物多样性对微生物群落结构的影响不明显,表明在局域小尺度环境胁迫条件下,土壤环境因子是微生物群落结构动态变化的主要驱动力.  相似文献   

10.
Submersed macrophytes decay is an important natural process and has important role in mass and energy flow in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about the dynamical changes in nutrients release and bacterial community during submersed macrophyte decay in natural environment. In this study, a field observation was conducted in a wetland dominated with Hydrilla verticillata for 36 days. Increase of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and decrease of soluble proteins concentration were detected in leaves during H. verticillata decay. Meanwhile, ammonium-N, soluble microbial products (SMP) and TOC concentration increased in overlying water. According to bacterial 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing analysis, the Shannon values were lower in epiphytic biofilms than deciduous layer sediments. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria were higher in epiphytic biofilms than in deciduous layer sediments (P < 0.05). Co-occurrence network analyses showed that a total of 578 and 845 pairs of correlations (|r| > 0.6) were identified from 122 and 112 genera in epiphytic biofilms and deciduous layer sediments, respectively. According to co-occurrence patterns, eight hubs were mainly from phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Parcubacteria in epiphytic biofilms; while 37 hubs from the 14 phyla (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, et al.) were detected in deciduous layer sediments. Our results indicate that bacterial community in deciduous layer sediments was more susceptible than in epiphytic biofilms during decay process. These data highlight the role of microbial community in deciduous layer sediments on nutrients removal during H. verticillata decay and will provide useful information for wetland management.  相似文献   

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