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1.
Considering some advantages of Rana nigromaculata as an experimental species, we propose that this species, like Xenopus laevis, could be used to assay thyroid hormone(TH) signaling disrupting actions. To validate the utilizability of R. nigromaculata, we investigated the responsiveness of R. nigromaculata to a TH receptor(TR) agonist(T3) and antagonist(amiodarone) by analyzing expression, based on characterizing TR cDNA and developmental expression patterns. With high levels of identity with the corresponding genes in X. laevis, both TRα and TRβ in R. nigromaculata exhibited roughly similar developmental expression patterns to those of X. laevis, in spite of some species-specific differences. Both TRα and TRβ expression had greater changes in the liver and intestine than in the tail and brain during metamorphosis. T3 exposure for 2 days induced more dramatic increases of TRβ expression in stage 27 than in stage34 tadpoles but not in stage 42 tadpoles, showing that the responsiveness of R. nigromaculata to TH decreased with development and disappeared at the onset of metamorphic climax.Corresponding to greater changes of TRβ expression in the liver and intestine than in the tail and brain during metamorphosis, the liver and intestine had higher responsiveness to exogenous T3 than the tail and brain. Amiodarone inhibited T3-induced TRβ expression. Our results show that R. nigromaculata can be used as a model species for assaying TH signaling disrupting actions by analyzing TRβ expression, and intestine tissues at stage 27 are ideal test materials due to high responsiveness and easy accessibility.  相似文献   

2.
We developed the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay, which is supposed to be able to sensitively detect thyroid hormone(TH) signaling disruption of chemicals. The present study aimed to validate the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay by re-evaluating the TH signaling antagonism of tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA), a known TH signaling disruptor. According to the assay we developed, Xenopus tadpoles at stage 52 were exposed to 10–500 nmol/L TBBPA in the presence of 1 nmol/L T3. After 96 hr of exposure, TBBPA in the range of 10–500 nmol/L was found to significantly inhibit T3-induced morphological changes of Xenopus tadpoles in a concentration-dependent manner in term of body weight and four morphological endpoints including head area(HA), mouth width(MW), unilateral brain width/brain length(ULBW/BL), and hind-limb length/snout-vent length(HLL/SVL).The results show that these endpoints we developed are sensitive for characterizing the antagonistic effects of TBBPA on T3-induced metamorphosis. Following a 24-hr exposure,we found that TBBPA antagonized expression of T3-induced TH-response genes in the tail,which is consistent with previous findings in the intestine. We propose that the tail can be used as an alternative tissue to the intestine for examining molecular endpoints for evaluating TH signaling disruption. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay we developed is an ideal in vivo assay for detecting TH signaling disruption.  相似文献   

3.
Areas containing industrial facilities belonging to three different typical industries that may cause pollution by polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Beijing, China were investigated. Specifically, the areas contained a solid waste incineration plant, a chemical factory, and a heat and power plant. Investigation of the pollution status of PBDEs in the surface soil from areas around these industries revealed the highest concentration of 42 PBDE congeners (118 ng/g, dry mass) at the solid waste incineration plant. In the other two plants, the highest concentrations were both 26 ng/g (dry mass). Among the PBDE homologues, the PBDE contamination at all sites showed similar congener compositions, with BDE 209 being the dominant congener. Our findings established the first contamination status of three typical industrial areas in Beijing. Furthermore, the total concentrations of 42 PBDE congeners tended to decrease as the distance from the investigated plants increased. Overall, these plants were identified as potential pollution sources of PBDEs in Beijing. Moreover, Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the major PBDE source in Beijing may be associated with the technical deca-BDE and penta-BDE mixture. Based on the data obtained in this preliminary investigation, further study of the potential of these sources to emit PBDEs in Beijing is warranted.  相似文献   

4.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Xenopus laevis have been reported only for a few congeners. Additionally, there is very little information on the ability of Xenopus laevis to bioconcentrate PCBs. To address these issues, the tadpole Xenopus laevis was exposed to Aroclor 1254 mixtures in water at room temperature for 110 d followed by an additional 110 d of nonspiked PCBs in the water for the control group. During the whole process, bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of PCBs ranged from 1180 to 15670. For most PCB congeners, the highest and lowest bioconcentrations of the kinetic curves were found to be remarkably simultaneous, respectively. All 141 PCB congeners under the same experimental conditions had no linear correlation on the lgBCF versus lgKow relationship. The relationship between lgBCFs and lgKow followed a parabolic pattern indicative of selective bioconcentration, suggesting that the kinetic curves of the PCB congeners observed in the lifecycle of the tadpoles may be concentrated due to the amphibian special species and internal metabolism. In contrast, lgBCFs for PCBs were inversely related to lgKow, suggesting that a metabolism of the higher Kow PCB congeners occurred. These results support the author's conclusion that the tadpole Xenopus laevis plays major roles in the bioconcentration of PCB congeners, and demonstrated that the exposure kinetic curves of PCB congeners are complex. Besides the amphibian metamorphous development, the lifecycle of the tadpole Xenopus laevis also may be of importance in determining the bioconcentration of PCB congeners.  相似文献   

5.
T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis is an ideal model for detecting thyroid hormone(TH)signaling disruption of chemicals. To optimize the T3-induced Xenopus assay and improve its sensitivity and reproducibility, we intend to develop quantitatively morphological endpoints and choose appropriate concentrations and exposure durations for T3 induction.Xenopus laevis at stage 52 were exposed to series of concentrations of T3(0.31–2.5 nmol/L)for 6 days. By comparing morphological changes induced by T3, we propose head area,mouth width, unilateral brain width/brain length, and hindlimb length/snout-vent length as quantitative parameters for characterizing T3-induced morphological changes, with body weight as a parameter for indicating integrated changes. By analyzing time-response curves, we found that following 4-day exposure, T3-induced grossly morphological changes displayed linear concentration–response curves, with moderate morphological changes resulting from 1.25 nmol/L T3 exposure. When using grossly morphological endpoints to detect TH signaling disruption, we propose 4 days as exposure duration of T3, with concentrations close to 1.25 nmol/L as induction concentrations. However, it is appropriate to examine morphological and molecular changes of the intestine on day 2 due to their early response to T3. The quantitative endpoints and T3 induction concentrations and durations we determined would improve the sensitivity and the reproducibility of the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay.  相似文献   

6.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) are commercial flame retardants that have been commonly used in vehicle interior to reduce fire-related hazards. Due to high temperatures and intense insolation that can be attained inside cars parked in the sun, additive PBDEs are prone to leach out and attach to in-vehicle dust, as well as to photo-debrominate. This study examines seasonal variations of concentrations of three common PBDE congeners(BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-209) in car dust in Israel. The overall concentrations of these BDEs ranged from 1 to 29 μg/g, and were higher in the summer than in the winter(average of 10.2 and5.3 μg/g, respectively). Congener-specific concentrations showed distinct seasonal pattern,representing the interplay between leaching, evaporation and photodebromination. Photolysis of the three congeners, while adsorbed on glass filters and exposed to solar radiation, revealed first order kinetics with debromination rates on the order of 10-2/min. Hence, seasonal variations of the meteorological conditions were found to affect the in-vehicle PBDE concentrations, and are therefore expected also to affect the exposure of passengers to PBDEs.  相似文献   

7.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as ubiquitous persistent organic pollutants have attracted much attention in recent years. Exposure to PBDEs could induce a high health risk for children. The aim of this study was to investigate the PBDEs exposure of children (9–12 years) from Taizhou, China. Fifty-eight blood samples were collected in one school in a mountainous area in Taizhou. The concentrations of Σ9PBDEs (sum of BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183, -197 and -209) ranged from 2.66 to 33.9 ng/g lipid wet (lw) with a median of 7.22 ng/g lw. These concentrations were lower than those of children in USA, but close to European and Asian general population levels. The results showed that children in Taizhou countryside were at a low level of PBDEs exposure. The predominant congener was BDE-209, followed by BDE-28, -47, -197 and -153. High abundance of BDE-209 was consistent with the pollution background of PBDEs in China characterized by high brominated congeners as main pollutants.  相似文献   

8.
There is large usage of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) especially for decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209, Deca-BDE) in controlling the risks of fire. The toxicological effects of PBDEs are worth being concerned about. Female SD rats were daily gavaged with BDE-209 ether at the dose of 100 mg/kg for 20 days. Histological observation was performed for the screening of the target organs for BDE-209 exposure. The distribution and metabolism of PBDEs in the exposed main organs were evidenced by HRGC-HRMS. Alterations of the endogenous metabolite concentrations in urine were investigated using metabonomic approaches based on IH NMR spectrum. Histopathological changes including serious edema in kidney, hepatocellular spotty necrosis and perivasculitis in liver indicated that BDE-209 caused potential influences on endogenous metabolism in the exposed liver and the kidney. BDE-209 was found to be highly accumulated in lipid, ovary, kidney and liver after 20 days' exposure. Occurrence of other lower brominated PBDEs in the rats demonstrated that reductive debromination process happened in vivo. Hydroxylated and methoxylated-BDEs, as metabolism products, were also detected in the rat tissues. A total of 12 different endogenous metabolites showed obvious alterations in urine from the exposed rats, indicating the disturbance of the corresponding internal biochemical processes induced by BDE-209 exposure. These findings in vivo suggested the potential health risk might be of concern due to the toxicological effects of BDE-209 as a ubiquitous compound in the environment.  相似文献   

9.
Characterization, treatment and releases of eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) congeners and sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wastewater were evaluated along the treatment processes of a typical secondary treatment municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) (in Hefei City) situated the beside Nanfei River, East China. The findings showed that the average concentrations of the total PBDEs in raw wastewater and treated effluent were 188.578 and 36.884 ng/L respectively. Brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) 209 congener, the predominant PBDE in the STP and Nanfei River, could be related to the discharge of car-industry-derived wastes. For PAHs, the average concentrations in raw wastewater and treated effluent were 5758.8 and 2240.4 ng/L respectively, with naphthalene, benzo[a]pyrene and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene being detected at the highest concentrations. PAHs mainly originate from the combustion of biomass/coal and petroleum. The STP reduced about 80% of the PBDEs and 61% of the PAHs, which were eliminated mainly by sedimentation processes. The removal rates of PBDEs/PAHs increased with the increase of their solid-water partitioning coefficients. Accordingly, the STP's effluent, containing some PBDE congeners (e.g., BDE 47, 99 and 209, etc.) and low-molecular-weight PAHs, could be an important contributor of these contaminants' input to Nanfei River. It resulted in a significant increase of PBDE/PAH concentrations and PAH toxicological risk in the river water downstream. About 4.040 kg/yr of PBDEs and 245.324 kg/yr of PAHs could be released into the Nanfei River. The current conventional wastewater treatment processes should be improved to remove the relatively low-molecular-weight PBDEs/PAHs more effectively.  相似文献   

10.
The levels and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in chicken tissues from an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling area in southeast China were investigated. Human dietary intake by local residents via chicken muscle and eggs was estimated. The mean PBDEs concentrations in tissues ranged from 15.2 to 3138.1 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and in egg the concentration was 563.5 ng/g lw. The results showed that the level of total PBDEs (PPBDEs) in the chicken tissue was 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than those reported in the literature. The large di erence of PPBDEs concentrations between tissues confirmed that the distribution of PBDEs in tissues depend on tissue-specificity rather than the “lipid-compartment”. BDE-209 was the predominant congener (82.5%– 94.7% of PPBDEs) in all chicken tissues except in brain (34.7% of PPBDEs), which indicated that deca-BDE (the major commercial PBDE formulation comprising 65%–70% of total production) was major pollution source in this area and could be bioaccumulated in terrestrial animals. The dietary PBDEs intake of the local residents from chicken muscle and egg, assuming only local bred chickens and eggs were consumed, ranged from 2.2 to 22.5 ng/(day kg body weight (bw)) with a mean value of 13.5 ng/(day kg bw), which was one order of magnitude higher than the value reported in previous studies for consumption of all foodstu s.  相似文献   

11.
甲状腺干扰物是目前生态毒理学和环境毒理学研究的一个热点.本文介绍了非洲爪蟾作为评价甲状腺干扰作用的模型动物的理论基础,从变态速度/时间、甲状腺发育、甲状腺激素信号途径、促甲状腺激素表达等几个方面,综述了目前非洲爪蟾用于评价甲状腺干扰作用的方法学及其应用的进展,最后探讨了非洲爪蟾用于甲状腺干扰作用评价存在的问题和今后的发展趋势.  相似文献   

12.
采用气相色谱/负化学电离源-质谱法对莱州湾南岸地区十溴联苯醚生产源区36位居民血清中的5种多溴联苯醚浓度进行了检测,同时测定了样品中的甲状腺激素水平.血清中Σ5PBDEs(BDE-28、-47、-153、-183、-209)的质量浓度范围(以脂重计算,下同)为130.3~4 478.4 ng.g-1,平均值为529.9 ng.g-1.5种同族体中,BDE-209对Σ5PBDEs的平均贡献率达到了69.8%.在与甲状腺激素水平的相关性研究中,计算了两者的Spearman秩相关系数,结果显示BDE-28、-47、-153、-183与TSH水平呈高度负相关,BDE-183与fT4水平呈现显著性负相关,而BDE-28、-47与T3,BDE-28、-153、-183与fT3之间均呈现显著性正相关.本研究中,生产源区人体血清中PBDEs水平处于较高的暴露水平,主要同类物为BDE-209,人体对PBDEs的暴露会影响上述4种甲状腺激素的水平,PBDEs对人体的影响不容忽视,有关PBDEs暴露水平与甲状腺激素水平之间的相关性,应进一步深入研究.  相似文献   

13.
五溴联苯醚-镉胁迫下蚯蚓抗氧化防御反应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
文章采用自然土壤染毒法,研究了Cd2+和DE-71对蚯蚓体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。结果表明,两种污染物对蚯蚓的三种酶活性均产生一定的影响,DE-71主要表现为诱导效应,而高浓度的Cd2+则会产生抑制作用,SOD和CAT较POD敏感,对环境污染有很好的指示作用。Cd2+和DE-71复合染毒对抗氧化防御系统产生一定的联合毒性效应,SOD主要由协同转变为拮抗作用;以CAT指示的联合效应则受DE-71染毒浓度的影响,当Cd2+与10和100mg/kg(干重)DE-71复合时,联合毒性作用由协同转变为拮抗,而与400mg/kg(干重)DE-71复合时则呈现协同作用;POD指标下两种污染物间则表现为拮抗作用。总体来说Cd2+与DE-71对蚯蚓的抗氧化防御反应主要表现为拮抗效应。  相似文献   

14.
俞晟  邹鹏  肖琳  杨柳燕 《中国环境科学》2009,29(12):1306-1311
在水/土比10、180r/min振荡和室温28℃条件下,研究Fe3+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Ca2+对高岭土上蒽分布的影响.结果表明,高岭土对Fe3+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Ca2+的吸附平衡时间和平衡浓度分别为24h和(20 ± 3)mg/g.当金属离子负荷330mg/g时,上清液中高岭土胶体最低浓度为(40 ± 3)mg/L.添加Fe3+时,总胶体浓度从52mg/L增加到133mg/L;添加Cu2+或Zn2+时,总胶体浓度从52mg/L增加到110mg/L;添加Ca2+时,总胶体浓度从52mg/L增加到73mg/L.上清液中蒽浓度增加趋势与上清液中总胶体浓度的变化趋势一致,添加Fe3+时,蒽浓度从30ng/L增加到73ng/L;添加Cu2+或Zn2+时,蒽浓度从28,35ng/L增加到65,66ng/L;添加Ca2+时,蒽浓度从40ng/L增加到50ng/L.上清液中蒽浓度的增加趋势与所添加的金属电荷密度高低顺序一致(Fe3+ > Cu2+、Zn2+).在pH值为6.5时,Ca2+对增加上清液中蒽浓度能力最弱.  相似文献   

15.
以典型有机磷阻燃剂磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯(TCPP)为研究对象,应用GH3细胞增殖实验检测TCPP对甲状腺激素的干扰效应;应用重组甲状腺激素受体(TR)基因酵母实验和GH3(TRβ-)细胞增殖实验结合实时定量PCR技术初步探究TCPP甲状腺激素干扰作用机理.结果表明,TCPP在1×10-4mol/L和2×10-4mol/L浓度下对甲状腺激素T3诱导的GH3细胞增殖产生抑制效应;重组TR基因酵母实验和GH3(TRβ-)细胞增殖实验测试结果表明TCPP可能通过TR介导的基因组途径和非基因组途径诱导甲状腺激素干扰效应;实时定量PCR测试结果表明TCPP下调相关基因如:c-fosTRβintegrin-avk-ras的mRNA表达,初步认为TCPP可能通过影响TRβ基因表达和激活αvβ3-ERK-1/2信号通路产生甲状腺激素干扰效应.  相似文献   

16.
为加强对多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和新型阻燃剂(NFRs)环境健康风险的认识,开展PBDEs和NFRs暴露与儿童肾损伤研究. 选择电子垃圾拆解区儿童(暴露组,57例)和对照区儿童(对照组,57例),开展问卷调查和血、尿样采集,检测血中PBDEs、NFRs、铅、脂肪、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、尿酸(UA)浓度,尿中镉、镍、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶浓度. 采用T检验比较两组儿童污染物暴露水平差异,协方差分析比较两组儿童肾功能指标差异,线性回归分析污染物暴露水平和肾功能指标的关联,广义相加模型分析不同污染物对肾功能指标影响的两两交互作用. 结果表明:①暴露组儿童PBDEs和NFRs内暴露浓度(中值分别为230和340 ng/g lipid)显著高于对照组儿童(中值分别为110和160 ng/g lipid),PBDEss浓度与NFRs浓度呈显著相关. ② PBDEs、NFRs浓度与肾功能指标β2-MG浓度呈显著正相关、与BUN、SCr浓度呈显著负相关. PBDEs与金属的交互作用对β2-MG和UA浓度存在显著影响. ③ PBDEs和NFRs暴露导致暴露组β2-MG浓度显著高于对照组、BUN和SCr浓度显著低于对照组,增加暴露组儿童肾损伤的风险. 研究显示,较高的PBDEs和NFRs暴露浓度增加了电子垃圾拆解区儿童肾损伤风险.   相似文献   

17.
为探究北江中上游流域的阻燃剂污染状况和风险水平,采用气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)法测定了34个地表水样品和8个沉积物样品中31种阻燃剂的浓度,包括多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)、六溴环十二烷(HBCD)、四溴双酚A (TBBPA)这3种溴代阻燃剂和28种有机磷阻燃剂(OPFRs).采用风险熵法评估了水体中阻燃剂的生态风险,并结合日饮用剂量评估了健康风险.结果表明:(1)地表水中PBDEs和HBCD浓度范围分别为4.78~625.52、225.43~2 209.18 ng/L,未检出TBBPA;沉积物中PBDEs、HBCD和TBPPA含量范围分别为ND~11.82、121.13~395.86和ND~3.30 ng/g.(2)地表水中OPFRs浓度范围为85.80~992.82 ng/L,浓度最高的3种单体分别为TCEP、TPhP和TDCIPP;沉积物中OPFRs含量范围为102.19~748.17 ng/g,含量最高的3种单体分别为TEHP、EHDPP和TCPP.(3)对于地表水中已知毒性参数和健康数据的阻燃剂污染物,其生态风险总体处于中低水平,但BDE-100呈现出高风险,TTP呈...  相似文献   

18.
Many chemicals are released into the environment, and chemical contamination has been suggested as a contributing factor to amphibian declines. To add to a growing body of knowledge about the impact of individual chemicals on non-target organisms, we examined the specificity of deformities induced by exposure to four pesticides (atrazine, 2,4-dichloropheoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), triadimefon, and glyphosate) in the model amphibian species, Xenopus laevis. We focused on the period of organ morphogenesis, as it is frequently found to be particularly sensitive to chemical exposure yet also commonly overlooked.We found similar levels of intestine malformations and edemas, as well as disruption of skeletal muscle, in atrazine and triadimefon exposed tadpoles. The e ects of 2,4-D were only apparent at the highest concentrations we examined; glyphosate did not induce dramatic malformations at the concentrations tested. While researchers have shown that it is important to understand how chemical mixtures a ect non-target organisms, our results suggest that it is first crucial to determine how these chemicals act independently in order to be able to identify consequences of individual pesticide exposure.  相似文献   

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