磁性氧化石墨烯同时吸附砷(Ⅴ)和镉的性能研究

用化学方法合成磁性氧化石墨烯(MGO)。X射线衍射(XRD)与振动样品磁强计(VSM)表征结果发现,四氧化三铁粒子均匀分布在MGO表面,其饱和磁化强度达30.2 emu/g。考察As(Ⅴ)和Cd在单独存在体系和共存体系下MGO对其的吸附性能,结果表明,单独存在体系下As(Ⅴ)和Cd的最大吸附量分别为5.857和78.81 mg/g,而共存体系下则分别提高至6.303和91.27 mg/g。     

新型离子印迹材料的制备及吸附重金属应用进展

离子印迹技术用于选择性吸附废水中痕量金属资源备受关注,采用新型材料组分制备离子印迹材料的研究取得了良好效果。文章以废水中金属资源提取及有毒金属去除为目的,简述了传统本体聚合法、悬浮聚合法、凝胶-溶胶法、表面接枝法的优缺点,阐述了天然矿物基、天然生物基、成品膜及混合铸膜基、温敏聚合层基、磁性硅基、磁性碳纳米管基、磁性氧化石墨烯基的制备应用进展;探讨了新型离子印迹复合材料的优势,最后指出离子印迹材料在自然水体、工业废水的应用及回收问题并提出建议,期望为制备新型离子印迹材料对复杂水相选择吸附应用研究提供参考。     

新型Ag(I)选择性吸附材料的制备及吸附性能研究

将壳聚糖（CTS）、氧化石墨烯（GO）、3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（MPTMS）交联制得巯基改性壳聚糖-氧化石墨复合材料（SFCG）.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、元素分析仪对改性前后和吸附前后的材料进行表征.研究吸附剂投加量、温度、时间、初始浓度对吸附效果的影响.实验结果表明,SFCG与CTS相比结构发生很大变化,呈现薄层状结构,表面有褶皱.SFCG能够在短时间内选择性高效吸附Ag（I）,最大吸附量为578.41 mg·g^-1.通过吸附等温线、吸附动力学、吸附热力学的研究发现,其吸附等温线符合Langumir吸附模型,为单层吸附;吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,以化学吸附为主,同时吸附过程是自发的、放热的.另外,银是一种贵金属,因此,SFCG将在废水处理和回收贵金属等方面均表现出良好的应用前景.     

锌离子印迹聚合物的合成及固相萃取特性研究

为了达到对溶液中目标痕量金属离子的分离和分析,采用了硅胶表面金属离子印迹聚合技术,活化硅胶表面羟基后,在硅烷偶联剂(APS)存在条件下合成了Zn(Ⅱ)离子印迹聚合硅胶。对其进行表征和吸附、再生等性能及合成机理研究,并将所得Zn(Ⅱ)离子印迹聚合物填充于市售空白小柱制成Zn(Ⅱ)离子印迹聚合物固相萃取小柱,并对其固相萃取性能进行了初步研究表征结果表明,Zn(Ⅱ)成功印迹于活化硅胶表面。与非离子印迹硅胶相比,Zn(Ⅱ)离子印迹聚合硅胶具有更高的选择性,其最大静态吸附容量可达12.87 mg/g,并可反复利用10次以上保持吸附率不低于95%。所得Zn(Ⅱ)离子印迹聚合物固相萃取小柱在不同初始条件下对Hg的相对选择因子可达15.5和13.8。Zn(Ⅱ)离子印迹聚合硅胶是一种新型高效低成本的聚合物,可将其用于水溶液中Zn(Ⅱ)的分离和分析。     

硅藻基As(V)离子印迹材料的制备及表征

以硅藻为载体,采用"接枝法"在其表面键连N-氨乙基-γ氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(AAPTS),以As(V)为模板,环氧氯丙烷(ECH)为交联剂,探讨了p H、交联剂用量、交联温度、交联时间等条件对制备硅藻基As(V)离子印迹材料(IIP)的影响。并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(FTIR)对IIP制备前后微观形貌、物相组成和官能团的变化进行了分析,探究了IIP对As(V)的吸附行为特征。结果表明:制备IIP条件为p H=10,环氧氯丙烷(ECH)的用量为8.2 m L,交联温度70℃,交联时间4 h,此时As的去除率为96.1%。当p H为5~10时,与非印迹材料相比,IIP对目标离子具有更快的吸附速率。     

FeMnx与FeMnx@GO复合物对水中As(Ⅲ)的吸附特性对比

以氧化石墨烯、高锰酸钾和氯化铁为原料,文章采用共沉法制得FeMn_x@GO复合物,对比研究了不同质量比、pH及温度条件对FeMn_x和FeMn_x@GO复合物吸附水中As(Ⅲ)的影响,并通过吸附等温线和动力学方程进行了相关拟合分析。结果表明,FeMn_x@GO和FeMn_x对As(Ⅲ)的吸附量随着质量比的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,吸附最佳pH为7,FeMn_x@GO的吸附量与温度呈正相关,FeMn_x的吸附量与温度呈负相关。FeMn_x@GO复合物和FeMn_x2种材料吸附As(Ⅲ)的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir模型,准二级模型能更准确地描述其吸附动力学过程。在相同条件下,FeMn_x@GO复合物较FeMn_x吸附性能更好,对于初始浓度为10 mg/L的As(Ⅲ)溶液,FeMn_x和FeMn_x@GO复合物的平衡吸附量分别达到6.7和8.9 mg/g。     

刚果红分子印迹聚合物纳米微球的合成及吸附性能

本研究以刚果红为模板分子,α-甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,乙腈为致孔剂,2,2-偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,采用沉淀聚合法制备了刚果红分子印迹聚合物纳米微球(MIP).通过扫描、透射电镜对聚合物的结构和形貌进行了表征,结果显示制备的MIP微球的粒径在90 nm左右,粒径较为均匀.利用氮气吸附脱附实验测定了聚合物颗粒的比表面积和孔容.并对诸多吸附影响因素以及分子印迹聚合物的吸附能力、选择性和重复利用率进行了分析.结果表明,MIP对刚果红表现出较好的选择性识别能力,可多次循环使用,能用于染料废水中刚果红的选择性吸附.     

Fe@GOCS的制备及其对水中As(Ⅲ)的吸附

基于自组装原理混合了氧化石墨烯、壳聚糖和FeCl₃·6H₂O,并使用NaOH溶液固定,戊二醛-甲醇溶液交联后得到了不同载铁量的载铁氧化石墨烯壳聚糖(Fe@GOCS)球形材料,采用静态吸附实验研究其对水溶液中As(Ⅲ)的吸附去除及机制.结果表明,吸附剂负载的铁以α-FeO(OH)形态为主,对As(Ⅲ)的吸附容量随pH的降低呈上升趋势,实验最佳pH值为3.在温度298.15、 308.15和318.15 K且pH值为3条件下,As(Ⅲ)的吸附反应在45 h左右达到平衡,吸附剂最佳投加量为1.0 g·L^-1,最大吸附容量可达289.4mg·g^-1. 5次吸附-解吸附后,吸附容量未下降,反而呈上升趋势.热力学结果显示:ΔG^θ<0、ΔS^θ>0和ΔH^θ>0,表明Fe@GOCS对As(Ⅲ)的吸附过程是吸热和熵增的自发反应,升温利于吸附;吸附过程符合伪二级动力学方程,Freundlich和Sips等温吸附模型能更好地描述对As(Ⅲ)...     

铬、砷离子吸附剂的制备及其吸附性能的研究

通过对沸石的改性,在沸石表面形成了一层纳米态的二氧化锰,而纳米态的二氧化锰及沸石都对水中重金属有强烈的吸附性能,从而达到对铬、砷离子的吸附作用。通过沸石与二氧化锰的配比、吸附溶液的pH值、吸附时间、改性沸石的用量对其去除效果的影响,探讨了吸附作用机理。通过吸附测定,改性沸石的最佳配比沸石：MnO2为2：1;改性沸石对As（III）的最佳吸附pH和时间为5.0和30 min;对Cr（VI）的最佳吸附pH和时间为7.0和30 min的条件下吸附效果最佳。     

磁性GO复合材料对水溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)的去除研究

该研究利用简单的化学合成法合成新型Fe_3O_4@SiO_2/PEI修饰的氧化石墨烯磁性复合材料,并用于去除水中的Cu(Ⅱ)离子,通过Box-Behnken响应面法对pH、Cu(Ⅱ)离子的初始浓度和反应温度3个变量进行优化,得到MSPG对Cu(Ⅱ)离子吸附的最优吸附条件为初始p H为5、初始浓度80 mg/L、反应温度为40℃时,最大理论吸附量为61.48 mg/g。而在最佳条件下进行验证实验,实验值为61.55 mg/g,与理论值相近。吸附动力学研究和等温线研究表明吸附过程在6 h达到平衡,分别符合准二阶动力学模型与Freundlich等温模型,粒子内扩散并不是整个过程中唯一的速率控制步骤。热力学研究证明MSPG对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附过程是吸热的自发过程。     

氧化石墨烯吸附Te (IV)性能与机理的模拟实验研究

²¹⁰Po是加速器驱动次临界系统（ADS）次临界堆铅铋冷却剂和散裂靶产生的重要放射性核素.本文以同主族元素Te（IV）代替Po（IV）,首先对氧化石墨烯（GO）吸附Po（IV）的性能进行了模拟实验研究.结果显示：GO对Te（IV）的吸附率随时间增加可分为快速增加阶段、缓慢上升阶段和吸附2.5 h后的饱和阶段;GO对Te（IV）的吸附率随溶液pH值增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,当pH值为4.7时,吸附率最大;随着吸附体系GO量逐渐增加,GO对Te（IV）的吸附率先线性上升后恒定,吸附量则呈现先不变后下降的趋势.进一步的吸附机理分析结果表明：GO对Te（IV）的吸附以弱化学作用为主,且随吸附过程进行,吸附限速步骤由内扩散转变为膜扩散,吸附表面由非均质转变为均质;羧基、环氧基和CC键是GO吸附Te（IV）的主要结合位点,且结合中Te（IV）化合价不变.     

Effect of competing solutes on arsenic(V) adsorption using iron and aluminum oxides

The study focused on the effect of several typical competing solutes on removal of arsenic with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. The test results indicate that chloride, nitrate and sulfate did not have detectable effects, and that selenium(IV) (Se(IV)) and vanadium(V) (V(V)) show slight effects on the adsorption of As(V) with Fe2O3. The results also showed that adsorption of As(V) on Al2O3 was not affected by chloride and nitrate anions, but slightly by Se(IV) and V(V) ions. Unlike the adsorption of As(V) with Fe2O3, that with Fe2O3 was affected by the presence of sulfate in water solutions. Both phosphate and silica have significant adverse effects on the adsorption of As(V) adsorption with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Compared to the other tested anions, phosphate anion was found to be the most prominent solute affecting the As(V) adsorption with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. In general, Fe2O3 has a better performance than Al2O3 in removal of As(V) within a water environment where multi competing solutes are present.     

磁性氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖制备及其对磺胺嘧啶吸附性能研究

采用一步溶剂热法制备磁性氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖三元复合材料(GO/CS/Fe_3O_4).复合材料的表征结果显示,GO/CS/Fe_3O_4含有丰富含氧官能团,氧化石墨烯片层上均匀负载四氧化三铁磁性粒子,分散到水中的磁性复合材料在外加磁场的作用下,具有良好的磁分离效果.选择磺胺嘧啶为目标污染物考察复合材料吸附性能.结果表明,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,在295、303、313 K温度下最大吸附量分别为53.30、60.56、79.23 mg·g~(-1),吸附热力学参数表明GO/CS/Fe_3O_4对磺胺嘧啶的吸附是以物理吸附为主的自发吸热反应.通过不同pH条件下吸附量和Zeta电位分析吸附机理,证明π-π电子共轭效应及静电吸附是复合材料吸附磺胺嘧啶过程中的主导作用力.     

Characteristics and model studies for fluoride and arsenic adsorption on goethite

Fluoride and arsenic are major anionic elements of concern in drinking water treatment. The effects of contact time, pH, surface loading and ionic strength on adsorption of fluoride and As(V) were investigated using batch methods. Adsorption of fluoride and As(V) onto goethite obeyed a pseudo second-order rate law. Through experimental data and adsorption kinetic analysis, the affinity of As(V) onto goethite was stronger than fluoride. Fluoride and As(V) uptake by goethite all decreased with pH increasing at the same surface loading; however, ionic strength had slight influence on their adsorption. A surface sites-species model was used to quantify the adsorption of fluoride and As(V) onto goethite as function of pH and surface loading. This model can satisfactorily predict their adsorption characteristics with several adsorption constants.     

Synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance of Pb（Ⅱ）-imprinted polymer in nano-TiO2 matrix

Surface ion-imprinted in combination with sol-gel process was applied to synthesis a new Pb(II)-imprinted polymer for selective separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The prepared material was characterized by using the infrared spectra, X-ray di ractometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The batch experiments were conducted to study the optimal adsorption condition of adsorption trace Pb(II) from aqueous solutions on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer. The equilibrium was achieved in approximately 4.0 h, and the experimental kinetic data were fitted the pseudo second-order model better. The maximum adsorption capacity was 22.7 mg/g, and the Langmuir equation fitted the adsorption isotherm data. The results of selectivity experiment showed that selectively adsorbed rate of Pb(II) on Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was higher than all other studied ions. Desorption conditions of the adsorbed Pb(II) from the Pb(II)-imprinted polymer were also studied in batch experiments. The prepared Pb(II)-imprinted polymer was shown to be promising for the separation and enrichment of trace Pb(II) from water samples. The adsorption and desorption mechanisms were proposed.     

Synthesis and adsorption performance of lead ion-imprinted micro-beads with combination of two functional monomers

Synthesis and high adsorption and selectivity performance of lead ion-imprinted micro-beads with combination of two functional monomers.     

Effect of competing solutes on arsenic（Ⅴ） adsorption using iron and aluminum oxides

The study focused on the effect of several typical competing solutes on removal of arsenic with Fe_2O_3 and AL_2O_3.The test results indicate that chloride,nitrate and sulfate did not have detectable effects,and that selenium(Ⅳ)(Se(Ⅳ))and vanadium(Ⅴ)(V(Ⅴ)) showed slight effects on the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)with Fe_2O_3.The results also showed that adsorption of As(Ⅴ)on AL_2O_3 was not affected by chloride and nitrate anions,but slightly by Se(Ⅳ)and V(Ⅴ)ions.Unlike the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)with Fe_2O_3,that with Fe_2O_3 was affected by the presence of sulfate in water solutions.Both phosphate and silica have significant adverse effects on the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)adsorption with Fe_2O_3 and Al_2O_3.Compared to the other tested anions,phosphate anion was found to be the most prominent solute affecting the As(Ⅴ)adsorption with Fe_2O_3 and Al_2O_3.In general,Fe_2O_3 has a better performance than Al_2O_3 in removal of As(Ⅴ)within a water environment where multi competing solutes are present.     

Effect of ionic strength on adsorption of As（Ⅲ） and As（Ⅴ） on variable charge soils

The study was to investigate the adsorption behavior of arsenite (As(Ⅲ)) and arsenate (As(Ⅴ)) on two variable charge soils, i.e., Haplic Acrisol and Rhodic Ferralsol at different ionic strengths and pH with batch methods. Results indicated that the amount of As(Ⅲ) adsorbed by these two soils increased with increasing solution pH, whereas it decreased with increasing ionic strength under the acidic condition. This suggested that As(Ⅲ) was mainly adsorbed on soil positive charge sites through electrostatic attraction under the acidic condition. Moreover, intersects of As(Ⅴ) adsorption-pH curves at different ionic strengths (a characteristic pH) are obtained for both soils. It was noted that above this pH, the adsorption of As(Ⅴ) was increased with increasing ionic strength, whereas below it the reverse trend was true. Precisely the intersect pH was 3.6 for Haplic Acrisol and 4.5 for Rhodic Ferralsol, which was near the values of PZSE (soil point of zero salt effect) of these soils. The effects of ionic strength and pH on arsenate adsorption by these soils were interpreted by the adsorption model. The results of zeta potential suggested that the potential in adsorption plane becomes less negative with increasing ionic strength above soil PZSE and decreases with increasing ionic strength below soil PZSE. These results further supported the hypothesis of the adsorption model that the potential in the adsorption plane changes with ionic strength with an opposite trend to surface charge of the soils. Therefore, the change of the potential in the adsorption plane was mainly responsible for the change of arsenate adsorption induced by ionic strength on variable charge soils.     

砷在昂曲沉积物中吸附解吸的影响因素研究

水环境条件的改变会影响沉积物对砷（As）的吸附解吸行为,进而影响砷在水环境中的迁移和转化.本实验以西藏昌都昂曲表层沉积物为研究对象,通过正交试验,考察pH、转速、溶解氧（DO）、Fe/Mn含量、沉积物/水比例、温度、粒径及As含量对沉积物吸附解吸As的影响.研究结果表明：①沉积物对砷的吸附量随着初始As含量、Fe/Mn含量和pH值的升高而增大,随着颗粒物浓度的升高而减小;不同粒径的沉积物对砷的吸附主要与沉积物中的有机质含量有关,粒径为63~250 μm的沉积物有机质含量最高（3.13 g·kg^-1）,平均吸附量最大（517.28 mg·kg^-1）.②不同粒径沉积物的解吸量与其砷含量和有机质含量有关,砷含量越高,有机质含量越少,砷的解吸量越大.砷的解吸量与转速和温度呈正相关,与pH、DO和颗粒物浓度呈负相关.③Langmuir模型对吸附等温线的拟合效果好于Freundlich模型,沉积物对砷的吸附存在明显的固体浓度效应.