新时期电力企业节能减排实践策略探讨

电力企业作为社会生产中的重要组成部分,其发展效益在很大程度上决定了其他行业的发展,为社会整体发展提供重要的电力能源,但是相应的在生产过程中也存在严重的能源浪费问题,在新时期背景下,必须要针对生产现状存在的问题进行分析,选择合适的措施进行优化,将节能减排融入到生产的每一个环节。本文对电力企业的节能减排实施措施进行了分析。     

化纤企业节能减排创新技术的探讨

在化纤企业节能减排技术创新方面,笔者根据调研进行了相关的汇总,从生产的关键程序及辅助公用工程等方面进行阐述,希望可以为企业创新发展和节能环保提供参考.     

西北地区农村节能减排模式探索——以宁夏盐池县营西村环境可持续发展项目为例

此文从农村社区的视角出发,以探索建立农村节能减排模式为目标,分别从建节能设施、推广使用太阳能和生物质能等清源能源、增加碳汇、生计和替代和能力提升等方面进行探索,分别开展了相应的活动,形成了适合农村发展的节能减排生产生活模式,为西北地区农村社区节能减排生活模式的建立提供借鉴。     

电厂供热工程节能改造方案探讨

随着社会的不断发展,人们低碳节能环保的意识越来越强,低碳生产、节约能源等逐渐深入到人们的日常生活之中,社会也开始朝着节能环保的方向发展。供热领域为了能够跟上时代发展的步伐,响应可持续发展战略,对供热系统进行了节能改造,在一定程度上也促进了供热系统的高效运转。基于此,本文探讨了电厂供热工程节能改造方案,希望可以为相关从业者提供参考借鉴。     

基于自动化控制的节能减排选煤技术研究

在煤矿产业领域中,节能减排这一理念不仅需要贯彻到企业发展中,同时还需要全面贯彻在煤矿生产中,而为了可以更好的实现节能减排选煤技术,就需要尽可能多的通过自动化控制方式来实现。基于此,在本文中将会在简述节能减排在选煤技术中的重要性,而后针对自动化控制在节能减排选煤技术中的现状进行分析,进而针对自动化控制在节能减排选煤技术中的具体实现展开研究,希望可以为相关人员提供参考帮助。     

天津市公共建筑节能改造评价体系的构建——基于模糊综合评价法

分析了天津市公共建筑节能改造的现状,针对当前公共建筑节能改造评价体系尚不完善这一问题,建立了公共机构节能评价指标体系,并根据这一体系应用模糊综合评价法构建了数学模型,将该数学模型应用于天津市某具体建筑物,论证了该方法可以对公共建筑节能改造的综合效果进行科学、全面的评价,并可以在经济条件允许的情况下实现对目标公共建筑节能改造的经济效益最大化,推动了天津市公共建筑节能改造工作的全面展开。     

钢铁企业清洁生产促进节能减排的实践

通过优化和调整产业结构、实施清洁生产方案,建设节能环保的企业,是钢铁企业生存和发展的必然选择。对生产全流程进行“诊脉”,实施清洁生产方案以对症施治,才是从根本上实现钢铁企业节能减排的良方。本文归纳了东北特钢集团北满特殊钢有限责任公司以及多家钢铁企业在产业结构调整、节能减排、发展循环经济三个方面的清洁生产方案,可以为其它钢铁企业制定发展规划和清洁生产方案提供参考,促进钢铁企业节能减排目标的实现。     

废纸造纸废水零排放技术比较及绩效评估

通过调研江苏省废纸造纸企业,选取了三种典型的废纸造纸废水零排放技术,剖析了相应的工艺特点及优缺点,并对其进行绩效评估。比较得出“废纸造纸污水污泥双零排放技术”将污水、污泥加工处理后回用到造纸流程中,实现污水污泥双零排放,且该技术适用于生产高档瓦楞纸,较其他二者更具有优越性,从而为废纸造纸企业提供废水零排放技术参考,最终实现节能、减排、增效的目标。     

有效回收低压冷却水途径探讨

本文主要针对我厂化肥公司空分生产装置中不同设备所用冷却水如何通过实施相应技术改造实现完全回收利用,以及收到了怎样的实际效果全过程进行阐述.为今后同类问题情况下的解决提供借鉴,也可为企业的节能减排做出贡献.     

基于计算机模拟的氯乙烯生产过程节能减排潜力分析

采用过程稳态模拟方法,通过计算机模拟、灵敏度分析、最优化分析手段对氯乙烯生产流程进行模拟计算。计算结果表明:在氯化氢合成、氯乙烯合成生产过程产生了大量的废酸,合成压缩机能耗过高,实际消耗的电能超过理论值的47%。最后根据模拟结果提出合成压缩机改造、VC合成水洗酸回收、氯化氢废酸水回收等清洁生产方案,达到了预期的节能减排要求。同时提出了清洁生产潜力定量分析新工具,可为该行业企业实施清洁生产和节能减排提供科学的思路和方法。     

Experimental investigation of the effect of sediment transport patterns on the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles

The mechanism of flow turbulence, sediment supply conditions, and sediment transport patterns that affect the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles in natural waters are experimentally simulated and studied in this study both in batch reactors and in a turbulence simulation tank. By changing the agitation conditions, the sediment transport in batch reactors can be categorized into bottom sediment-dominated sediment and suspended sediment-dominated sediment. It is found that the adsorption rate of bottom sediment is much less than that of suspended sediment, but the sediment transport pattern does not affect the final (equilibrium) concentration of dissolved cadmium. This result indicates that the parameters of an adsorption isotherm are the same regardless of the sediment transport pattern. In the turbulence simulation tank, the turbulence is generated by harmonic grid-stirred motions, and the turbulence intensity is quantified in terms of eddy diffusivity, which is equal to 9.84F(F is the harmonic vibration frequency) and is comparable to natural surface water conditions.When the turbulence intensity of flow is low and sediment particles stay as bottom sediment, the adsorption rate is significantly low, and the adsorption quantity compared with that of suspended sediment is negligible in the 6 h duration of the experiment. This result greatly favors the simplification of the numerical modeling of heavy metal pollutant transformation in natural rivers. When the turbulence intensity is high but bottom sediment persists, the rate and extent of descent of the dissolved cadmium concentration in the tank noticeably increase, and the time that is required to reach adsorption equilibrium also increases considerably due to the continuous exchange that occurs between the suspended sediment and the bottom sediment.A comparison of the results of the experiments in the batch reactor and those in the turbulence simulation tank reveals that the adsorption ability of the sediment, and in particular the adsorption rate, is greatly over-estimated in the batch reactor.     

Composition analysis of colored dissolved organic matter in Taihu Lake based on three dimension excitation-emission fluorescence matrix and PARAFAC model, and the potential application in water quality monitoring

Taihu Lake is one of the five biggest lakes in China. Surface water samples from 26 sampling sites of Taihu Lake were collected. Furthermore wet chemical analysis （CODCr and BOD5） and measurement of three dimensional excitation-emission matrix （3DEEM） spectra in the laboratory have been conducted. Using parallel factor analysis （PARAFAC） model, three components of colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） have been identified successfully, based on the analysis of 3DEEM data. The characteristics of the three components also have been described by comparing them to some components of CDOM, identified in earlier researches. Meanwhile, spatial variations of concentration for the three components in Taihu Lake have been analyzed, and the result indicates that the concentration of component 1 depends more on the situation of wastewater pollution and can be used as the indicator of wastewater pollution. The relationship between the concentrations of the three components and results of the wet chemical analysis show that none of the three components can be used as indicators of gross organic matter in water. However, the concentrations of all the three components have obvious linear relationships with the BOD5 value, especially for component 1 （r = 0.72878）. Finally, the potential applications of the composition analysis based on 3DEEM and PARAFAC model in water quality monitoring have been illuminated.     

Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions by aminated hypercrosslinked polymers

Two novel polymers （NJ-1 and N J-2） were synthesized by chemically modified a hypercrosslinked polymer NJ-0 with dimethylamine and trimethylamine, respectively. The comparison of the adsorption properties of the three polymers toward phenol, resorcin and phloroglucin was made. The study focused on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviors and the adsorption thermodynamics. Freundlich equation was found to fit the adsorption results well. The effect of amino groups introduced onto the surface of the resin and the structure of phenolic compounds on the adsorption were also studied. The hydrogen-bonding interaction and electrostatic interaction could happen between the amino groups and the adsorbates. The adsorption impetus increased as quantity of hydroxyl groups increased, but the adsorption capacity decreased due to the drop of the matching degree of the aperture of resins and the diameter of adsorbate molecules.     

中国资源型城市的高质量发展：困境与突破

资源型城市的高质量发展具有重大的战略意义。为清晰认识中国资源型城市转型存在的问题以及高质量发展的路径,邀请来自不同领域的十位专家就当前资源型城市高质量发展的主要困境与突破路径等研究前沿进行访谈,访谈结果表明：中国资源型城市转型取得了巨大成绩,但距离高质量发展的要求仍有较大距离,突出表现在经济发展仍未能摆脱资源依赖的发展路径、推动高质量发展的新要素集聚偏弱和碳减排目标下资源型城市的内、外部均面临着巨大的压力;新时期需要重新认识资源型城市的作用和地位,提升资源型城市保障国家资源能源安全的能力;在深刻把握传统资源禀赋概念内涵基础上实现对新资源体系的再认知,注意挖掘新资源,充实资源型城市研究的新知识体系;要针对不同类型的资源型城市的发展条件,分类施策,因地制宜推动资源型城市的创新发展;要继续提高经济增长的就业弹性,增强经济发展拉动就业的能力,并充分重视就业机会的创造和培育;要加快探索绿色、高效的转型发展道路,同步实现“存量”的绿色化和“增量”的绿色性;要综合考虑资源型城市开发基础和要素资源条件,从传统的“增长和扩张型”转变为“高效增长与精明收缩结合型”发展模式;要整合新数据与新技术方法科学/智...     

Transformation of mercury speciation through the SCR system in power plants

Coal-fired utility boilers are now identified as the largest source of mercury in the United States. There is speculation that the installation of selective catalytic reduction （SCR） system for reduction of NOx can also prompt the oxidation and removal of mercury. In this paper, tests at six full-scale power plants with similar type of the SCR systems are conducted to investigate the effect of the SCR on the transformation of mercury speciation. The results show that the SCR system can achieve more than 70%-80% oxidation of elemental mercury and enhance the mercury removal ability in these units. The oxidation of elemental mercury in the SCR system strongly depends on the coal properties and the operation conditions of the SCR systems. The content of chloride in the coal is the key factor for the oxidization process and the maximum oxidation of elemental mercury is found when chloride content changes from 400 to 600 ppm. The sulfur content is no significant impact on oxidation of elemental mercury.     

Sorption and cosorption of the nonionic herbicide mefenacet and heavy metals on soil and its components

Sorption and cosorption of the nonionic herbicide mefenacet and two typical metals (copper and silver) on black soil and its components (kaolinite and humic acid) were investigated. It was found that because of their different valences and properties, Cu²⁺and Ag⁺ presented different effects on the sorption of mefenacet. Due to the competition of Cu²⁺, along with the shells of dense water formed by its surface complexation, for sorption surface area with mefenacet, the addition of Cu²⁺ decreased the sorption amount of mefenacet on soil and its components, especially on humic acid. However, the addition of Ag⁺ significantly enhanced the sorption of mefenacet, which was attributed to the softness of the cation that weakened the hydrophilicity of the local region around Ag⁺-complexed functionalities, and thus mitigated the competitive sorption of water. In addition, the sorption of mefenacet on soil with or without the two metals was generally decreased with increasing pH, which was caused by the hydrolysis of carbonyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of the sorbents, π-π interaction between mefenacet and the soil organic matter, and so on. On the other hand, the presence of mefenacet seemed to have little effect on the sorption of Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺, indicating that Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺ might be sorbed strongly on the tested sorbents and the mefenacet added was too low in concentration to affect the sorption of the metals.     

厌氧氨氧化过程中COD及pH与基质浓度之间的关系

分析了上向流厌氧氨氧化生物滤池中氮素化合物浓度、COD和pH变化规律以及ANAMMOX活性和生物量的分布规律,利用数理统计的方法研究了厌氧氨氧化过程中COD和pH与氮素基质浓度之间的关系.结果表明,溶解氧和氮负荷的共同作用使得ANAMMOX活性和生物量的分布沿滤层深度呈"山脊"状不均匀分布;异养反硝化的存在和H+的消耗使得厌氧氨氧化过程中COD和pH分别呈降低和升高趋势;100 mg/L以下的有机物浓度对厌氧氨氧化菌的影响不大,且COD和pH与基质NH4+-N浓度之间呈良好的线性相关关系.本试验中COD-NH4+-N和pH-NH4+-N拟合直线的斜率分别为1.113 8±0.052 2和-0.111 3±0.001 2,置信度为95%,平均相关系数R2分别为0.982 3和0.985 0.     

基于电子鼻土壤与地下水污染修复现场TVOC和恶臭的评估

根据上海某土壤与地下水污染修复现场情况,应用自主研发的电子鼻系统(iSA-M1)分别对未修复及修复过程中的土壤和地下水、修复场地上空及周边空气中的VOCs和恶臭类气体进行检测.结合前期研究所得TPI和OPI公式,求得各点的值,并将其用图表示.结果表明:①修复后TVOC和恶臭的浓度总体呈下降趋势;②在土壤和地下水修复过程中,VOCs和恶臭的挥发受气象要素和作业的影响,其浓度在总体下降的过程中伴随着阶段性上升现象;③结合GIS技术,电子鼻能初步用于评估土壤和地下水修复现场造成的空间污染情况及对周围居民产生的影响.但造成影响程度的具体细化分级还需要进一步研究.     

滑坡位移的时序分析——以楚勐公路K64+200～K64+228路基滑坡为例

基于楚勐公路K64+200～K64+228路基滑坡位移观测资料,运用分形几何中的时间序列分析方法对滑坡位移变化规律进行深入研究,发现滑坡位移的赫斯特指数H与时间相关函数C(t)随着滑坡失稳程度的加剧呈现明显的下降趋势.研究表明:①2010年1月至7月,ZK2、ZK10和 ZK11的月均位移处于递增状态,位移的H与C(t...     

Effect of copper on the degradation of pesticides cypermethrin and cyhalothrin

The influence of coexisting copper (Cu) ion on the degradation of pesticides pyrethroid cypermethrin and cyhalothrin in soil and photodegradation in water system were studied.Serial concentrations of the pesticides with the addition of copper ion were spiked in the soil and incubated for a regular period of time,the analysis of the extracts from the soil was carried out using gas chromatography (GC).The photodegradation of pyrethroids in water system was conducted under UV irradiation.The effect of Cu~(2 ) on the pesticides degradation was measured with half life (t_(0.5)) of degradation.It was found that a negative correlation between the degradation of the pyrethroid pesticides in soil and Cu addition was observed.But Cu~(2 ) could accelerate photodegradation of the pyrethroids in water.The t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin extended from 6.7 to 6.8 d while for cypermethrin extended from 8.1 to 10.9 d with the presence of copper ion in soil.As for photodegradation,t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin reduced from 173.3 to 115.5 rain and for cypermethrin from 115.5 to 99.0 min.The results suggested that copper influenced the degradation of the pesticides in soil by affecting the activity of microorganisms.However, it had catalyst tendency for photodegradation in water system.The difference for the degradation efficiency of pyrethroid isomers in soil was also observed.Copper could obviously accelerate the degradation of some special isomers.