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1.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The gas-phase organic compounds resulting from OH-initiated photooxidation of isoprene have been investigated on-line by VUV photoionization mass spectrometry based on synchrotron radiation for the first time. The photoionization efficiency curves of the corresponding gaseous products as well as the chosen standards have been deduced by gating the interested peaks in the photoionization mass spectra while scanning the photon energy simultaneously, which permits the identification of the pivotal gaseous products of the photooxidation of isoprene, such as formaldehyde (10.84 eV), formic acid (11.38 eV), acetone (9.68 eV), glyoxal (9.84 eV), acetic acid (10.75 eV), methacrolein (9.91 eV), and methyl vinyl ketone (9.66 eV). Proposed reaction mechanisms leading to the formation of these key products were discussed, which were completely consistent with the previous works of different groups. The capability of synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry to directly identify the chemical composition of the gaseous products in a simulation chamber has been demonstrated, and its potential application in related studies of atmospheric oxidation of ambient volatile organic compounds is anticipated.  相似文献   

2.
乙撑硫脲在土壤中光解的影响因素   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
研究了土壤湿度、温度和厚度对乙撑硫脲土壤光解的影响,并探讨了这一光解的深度和机制。实验结果表明,土壤湿度对乙撑硫脲光解有最显著的影响;光照下,总放射性在湿土中迅速向土表转移并集中于土表,而在干土中则不发生这种转移;乙撑硫脲在表土层以下2-5mm的土壤中也能发生光解。提出了乙撑硫脲的土壤中的光解,不是直接光解,而是需要O2存在的间接光解的机制。  相似文献   

3.
臭氧催化氧化法是结合了臭氧的强氧化性和催化剂特性的一种高级氧化技术,在处理含酚废水方面具有明显的技术优势。系统研究了臭氧催化氧化技术处理含酚废水的国内外研究进展,探讨了不同反应体系的优缺点,并指出改进的建议和发展方向。  相似文献   

4.
臭氧及催化臭氧化降解2,4-滴丙酸动力学研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
对臭氧及催化臭氧氧化降解2,4-滴丙酸(DCPP)的效率进行了研究,并利用竞争动力学法算得了DCPP与臭氧及羟基自由基的反应速率常数,参比有机物为硝基苯(NB).结果表明,DCPP与臭氧的反应速率常数kO3-DCPP为(0.733±0.163)L·mol-1·s-1,与羟基自由基的kOH-DCPP为2.367×109L·mol-1·s-1  相似文献   

5.
以水/载O3有机溶剂(全氟萘烷)为新型两相臭氧氧化体系,研究了臭氧在全氟萘烷中的溶解度和稳定性,并以水体中2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)为研究对象,考察了初始pH值、臭氧投加量、自由基抑制剂对两相臭氧氧化体系降解2,4-D效果的影响.结果表明:臭氧在全氟萘烷中有很高的溶解度和很好的稳定性;碱性pH环境有利于2,4-D的降解,随着水相初始pH的增加,2,4-D在水/载饱和O3全氟萘烷两相体系中的去除率明显增加;随着初始全氟萘烷载O3量与2,4-D物质的量比的增加,2,4-D总去除率明显增加;叔丁醇(20mg·mL-1)对两相体系中2,4-D降解影响不显著.  相似文献   

6.
敌敌畏的臭氧氧化处理   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
在12 L的反应器中,观察了臭氧浓度分别为4.9、6.7和7.6 mg/L,溶液温度10.50℃,pH值为3.1、5.3、7.2、9.4和11.2条件下,臭氧氧化浓度为30 mg/L的有机磷杀虫剂敌敌畏的处理效果,并计算了臭氧氧化敌敌畏的反应动力学.结果表明,臭氧氧化法是处理敌敌畏的高效方法.不同浓度臭氧处理5 min时敌敌畏的去除率均在96%以上,6.7 mg/L的臭氧氧化处理敌敌畏4 min时矿化度(以TOC 计)可达34.8%.臭氧浓度越高,敌敌畏的降解速率越快.随着敌敌畏初始浓度的升高,敌敌畏的氧化去除率下降,但绝对去除量升高.试验范围内的pH值和温度对敌敌畏的臭氧氧化去除效果影响不大.在臭氧浓度6.7 mg/L,pH 7.2和室温20℃的条件下,臭氧氧化敌敌畏的反应级数为0.11,反应速率常数k为7.72 mg·(L·min)-1.  相似文献   

7.
光离子检测器测定大气中溴甲烷   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
用Tenax作为吸附剂捕集大气中的痕量溴甲烷,用气相色谱法和光离子检测器,对其进行检测,相对偏差为0.0521,最小检测限为10pg。室内外大气中的浓度分别为24×10(-12)(V/V)和77.4×10(-12)(V/V),污染在10(-11)(V/V)水平。  相似文献   

8.
微囊藻毒素-LR的臭氧降解研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
缪恒锋  陆新  严群  谢利娟  阮文权 《环境科学》2009,30(11):3288-3292
采用不同的臭氧投加量,考察了微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)的降解效果,并通过对臭氧氧化过程中产生的8种主要降解产物的相对分子质量分析,推测其降解途径.结果表明,臭氧氧化降解MC-LR主要通过Adda途径和Mdha途径来完成对MC-LR的降解和脱毒作用.臭氧氧化的Adda途径是通过对MC-LR上Adda侧链的进攻,断开具有活性的Adda支链,而达到脱毒的目的;臭氧氧化的Mdha途径是通过对MCs肽环上面Mdha和Ala的断键,打开环状肽链,使藻毒素失去活性,在整个过程中Adda途径占主导地位.在O3∶MC为6时,MC-LR的去除率最高可达到92%.  相似文献   

9.
滇池水中有机物去除技术探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
常规水处理工艺,加氯消毒副产物多,饮水中有机卤代物对健康不利。通过臭氧、活性炭及投加粉末活性炭等实验对以滇池水为源水的饮水中有机物的去除有一定效果。根据这一生产性试验,本文讨论了滇池水深度处理结果和应用效果。  相似文献   

10.
In this study, ultraviolet(UV) and vacuum ultraviolet(VUV) photolysis were investigated for the pre-treatment and post-treatment of coking wastewater. First, 6-fold diluted raw coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. It was found that 15.9%–35.4% total organic carbon(TOC) was removed after 24 hr irradiation. The irradiated effluent could be degraded by the acclimated activated sludge. Even though the VUV photolysis removed more chemical oxygen demand(COD) than UV, the UV-irradiated effluent demonstrated better biodegradability. After 4 hr UV irradiation, the biological oxygen demand BOD5/COD ratio of irradiated coking wastewater increased from 0.163 to 0.224, and its toxicity decreased to the greatest extent. Second, the biologically treated coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. Both of them were able to remove 37%–47% TOC within 8 hr irradiation.Compared to UV, VUV photolysis could significantly improve the transparency of the bio-treated effluent. VUV also reduced 7% more ammonia nitrogen(NH+4–N), 17%more nitrite nitrogen(NO-2–N), and 18% more total nitrogen(TN) than UV, producing 35%less nitrite nitrogen(NO-3–N) as a result. In conclusion, UV irradiation was better in improving the biodegradability of coking wastewater, while VUV was more effective at photolyzing the residual organic compounds and inorganic N-species in the bio-treated effluent.  相似文献   

11.
臭氧和好氧生物法处理污水处理厂出水的纳米过滤浓缩液   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
城市污水处理厂出水的纳米过滤浓缩液较难直接生物处理。臭氧氧化该浓缩液降低DOC的速度较慢,但是可以有效地破坏该浓缩液中含苯环和有色基团的大分子有机物,显著增加小分子有机物的相对含量,从而增大其可生化降解性能。研究发现臭氧的投量为52mg/L左右时,臭氧化改善该纳米过滤浓缩液的可生化降解性能的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
In this study, ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis were investigated for the pre-treatment and post-treatment of coking wastewater. First, 6-fold diluted raw coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. It was found that 15.9%–35.4% total organic carbon (TOC) was removed after 24 hr irradiation. The irradiated effluent could be degraded by the acclimated activated sludge. Even though the VUV photolysis removed more chemical oxygen demand (COD) than UV, the UV-irradiated effluent demonstrated better biodegradability. After 4 hr UV irradiation, the biological oxygen demand BOD5/COD ratio of irradiated coking wastewater increased from 0.163 to 0.224, and its toxicity decreased to the greatest extent. Second, the biologically treated coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. Both of them were able to remove 37%–47% TOC within 8 hr irradiation. Compared to UV, VUV photolysis could significantly improve the transparency of the bio-treated effluent. VUV also reduced 7% more ammonia nitrogen (NH4+–N), 17% more nitrite nitrogen (NO2–N), and 18% more total nitrogen (TN) than UV, producing 35% less nitrite nitrogen (NO3–N) as a result. In conclusion, UV irradiation was better in improving the biodegradability of coking wastewater, while VUV was more effective at photolyzing the residual organic compounds and inorganic N-species in the bio-treated effluent.  相似文献   

13.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In this study, ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis were investigated for the pre-treatment and post-treatment of coking wastewater. First, 6-fold diluted raw coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. It was found that 15.9%-35.4% total organic carbon (TOC) was removed after 24 hr irradiation. The irradiated effluent could be degraded by the acclimated activated sludge. Even though the VUV photolysis removed more chemical oxygen demand (COD) than UV, the UV-irradiated effluent demonstrated better biodegradability. After 4 hr UV irradiation, the biological oxygen demand BOD5/COD ratio of irradiated coking wastewater increased from 0.163 to 0.224, and its toxicity decreased to the greatest extent. Second, the biologically treated coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. Both of them were able to remove 37%-47% TOC within 8 hr irradiation. Compared to UV, VUV photolysis could significantly improve the transparency of the bio-treated effluent. VUV also reduced 7% more ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), 17% more nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N), and 18% more total nitrogen (TN) than UV, producing 35% less nitrite nitrogen (NO3--N) as a result. In conclusion, UV irradiation was better in improving the biodegradability of coking wastewater, while VUV was more effective at photolyzing the residual organic compounds and inorganic N-species in the bio-treated effluent.  相似文献   

14.
本研究构建了VUV-US-O3三元氧化体系,以水杨酸(SA)为分子探针,采用高效液相色谱和荧光检测器联用测定分析三元氧化体系的·OH产率.结果表明,各氧化体系的氧化能力排序为VUV/US/O3 > VUV/O3 > US/O3 > VUV/US > O3 > VUV > US,120 min内对应的SA去除率分别为96.27%、83.57%、74.80%、68.88%、50.67%、36.06%、8.60%,组合体系显示出了明显的协同效应;VUV/O3、VUV/US和US/O3中检测出羟基化产物的最高浓度分别为12.32、7.51、4.47 μmol·L-1,较VUV、US、O3单独氧化产生的羟基化产物浓度(分别为5.22、0.34、3.61 μmol·L-1)更高,推测各二元氧化体系中的协同效应主要是由·OH产率增加而引起;将US加入VUV/O3体系中构成VUV/US/O3三元氧化体系后,可加速O3溶解并提高·OH最高产率至22.24 μmol·L-1,使VUV/US/O3氧化能力进一步提高.  相似文献   

15.
臭氧催化氧化控制溴酸盐生成效能与机理   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
何茹  鲁金凤  马军  张涛  陈伟鹏 《环境科学》2008,29(1):99-103
比较了单独臭氧氧化和金属氧化物存在下臭氧催化氧化过程中溴酸盐的生成规律,探讨了催化剂投量、溴离子浓度、水的pH值、反应温度等对臭氧催化氧化控制溴酸盐生成的影响规律及在催化剂存在下控制溴酸盐生成的机理.结果表明,催化剂投量从0 mg/L增加到250 mg/L,能减少溴酸盐生成量85.1%;当溴离子浓度为0.5、1.0、2.0 mg/L时,臭氧催化氧化分别能减少溴酸盐生成量69.2%、83.5%和15.2%,溴离子浓度变化对催化作用的影响无明显规律;pH值升高会降低催化作用的效果;反应温度在5~25℃之间时,臭氧催化氧化能降低43%~59%的溴酸根生成量(溴离子浓度1.5 mg/L),反应温度变化不影响催化效果.催化剂通过抑制臭氧对次溴酸的氧化减少了溴酸根的生成量.催化剂表面的某些基团与硫酸根络合会削弱臭氧催化氧化控制溴酸根生成的能力,因此,利用催化剂控制溴酸盐的机理与催化剂表面性质密切相关.  相似文献   

16.
臭氧和催化臭氧氧化法是对印染废水有效的处理手段之一。选取用途较广的活性艳蓝X-BR为研究对象,探讨了氧化过程中染料的降解和结构变化情况。并选取了Fe2+、Fe3+和Ni2+为均相催化剂,讨论了pH对催化效果的影响。实验表明,均相催化体系中,酸性条件下更有利。  相似文献   

17.
         下载免费PDF全文
Introduction p Nitrophenolhasbeenwidelyusedintheproductionof pesticides,herbicides,dyes,andotherindustrialchemicals.Asaresultofthesewidespreadapplications,wastewatersandwaterresources,includinggroundwaterandsurfacewaters,havebecomecontaminatedwiththiscomp…  相似文献   

18.
一种新型的水处理高级氧化技术——金属催化臭氧化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
介绍了均相和非均相金属催化剂能增强臭氧氧化能力,进而提高废水中有机物的去除效率。阐述了金属催化臭氧化技术降解有机污水的机理、工艺流程及在水处理中的应用进展。提出了金属催化臭氧化技术应加强对高效催化剂、新型反应器的研制及催化过程中反应机理、影响因素的研究等。  相似文献   

19.
臭氧/活性炭协同降解有机物的初步研究   总被引:32,自引:1,他引:32  
研究了活性炭对3种与臭氧反应速率相差较大的有机物(苯甲酸、对氯苯甲酸和乙酸钠)的臭氧化降解的影响.结果表明,活性炭能提高这3种有机物的臭氧化降解速率,但是活性炭的影响作用与有机物种类有关,对与臭氧反应速率越小的有机物其作用越显著;三者之中,乙酸钠的相对速率提高最大;是单独臭氧化速率的5倍  相似文献   

20.
臭氧氧化法处理实验室苯酚废水   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
臭氧氧化法在废水处理中有广迁的应用,鉴于酚类化合物在实验室废水中存在的普遍性及其对环境污染的严重性.选用了苯酚作为模型污染物.考带了臭氧氧化法的处理效果,研究了废水初始pH值和气体流量对苯酚的降解效率和臭氧利用率的影响规律。实验结果表明,废水初始pH值对臭氧氧化去除废水中苯酚和臭氧利用率的影响均很大.综合考虑各方面因素.确定出臭氧氧化处理实验室苯酚废水的最佳pH值为10.3。最佳气体流量为1.6L/M1n.为臭氧处理实验室废水打下基础。  相似文献   

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