淀粉接枝阳离子絮凝剂的制备及性能研究

主要利用化学方法对环氧氯丙烷和胺类进行阳离子改性获得阳离子醚化剂,然后与碱化后的淀粉接枝制得一种絮凝性能良好的有机高分子阳离子絮凝荆,并对所得产品作了絮凝性能实验。由实验得知该絮凝剂对悬浮细小颗粒有很好的去除效果,如高岭土溶液（1g／L）产生矾花时间较短,加入絮凝剂后搅拌3min左右即可产生明显絮体,且絮体较大,静置后透光率达90％以上。     

阳离子高分子絮凝剂P(DMC-AM)与无机絮凝剂复配处理制革废水研究

将阳离子高分子絮凝剂P(DMC-AM)与5种无机絮凝剂进行复配,对制革水进行絮凝处理,优化出P(DMC-AM)与无机絮凝剂的最佳复配方案。采用最佳复配方案,进行了絮体回用效果实验,为P(DMC-AM)絮凝剂在水处理中的应用提供了重要的科学依据。     

新型两性高分子絮凝剂的絮体回用研究

究了一种两性高分子絮凝剂P(DMC-NVP-FA)处理钻井废水的絮凝性能,确定了絮凝剂投加量,对处理后的废水絮体进行回用试验。试验显示,絮凝剂投加量为280 mg/L时,COD和色度去除率分别为88.46%和85.15%;回用絮体是1/8体积的量和絮凝剂245mg/L处理钻井废水,COD和色度去除率分别为92.86%和89.96%。结果表明,絮体回用是可行且有效的,在减少絮凝剂用量的同时提高了处理钻井废水的效果。     

新型无机-有机配合物的絮凝作用及絮体回用效果

利用阳离子角蛋白与聚硫酸铝合成新型无机-有机配合物絮凝剂,对比分析其与单一阳离子角蛋白、聚硫酸铝絮凝剂对皮革染色加脂废水的絮凝效果,收集絮体处理后用作皮革填充剂,研究其对皮革的填充性能。结果表明:新型无机-有机配合物絮凝剂的絮凝效果最佳,对COD、SS、色度和浊度的去除率分别为84.60%、96.56%、96.14%和98.06%。絮体用作皮革填充剂后皮质柔软丰盈,各项测试性能指标均得到提高,其中坯草的厚度、拉伸强度、撕裂强度和断裂伸长率分别提升了10.00%、197.20%、15.20%和24.72%。絮体得到有效回用,可达到以废治废的皮革清洁生产目的。     

无机/有机高分子复合絮凝剂对印染废水的脱色性能研究

文章对几种无机／有机高分子复合絮凝剂对活性染料废水的脱色性能进行了研究。当聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）的阳离子度为50％时，脱色率可达到90％以上，过多的阳离子会导致胶体颗粒重新稳定：1mg／L分子量为1200万的聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）与150mg／L的聚合氯化铝（PAc）复合。可达到98，2％的最佳脱色效果，分子链过长的PAM分子由于空间位阻效应使颗粒间互相排斥：1mg／L的天然高分子絮凝剂水溶性壳聚糖（CTS）与100mg／L的PAC复合后脱色率即可大于90％，过多的CTS分子因吸附空位的饱和无法发挥作用。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察发现在PAC单纯的电中和作用下，絮体呈较为平坦的均匀连续絮状形态。加入有机高分子絮凝剂后，由于分子链的桥联卷扫作用，呈现出不同特点的聚集形态。形成比表面很大的絮体。从而强化对颗粒的吸附和架桥作用。     

基于Zeta电位的硅藻土复配剂强化混凝研究

采用硅藻土与传统无机絮凝剂复配处理模拟生活污水,考察硅藻土复配剂强化混凝过程中絮体Zeta电位的变化,以及浊度和COD的去除情况,研究絮体Zeta电位与强化混凝效果的关系。实验结果表明,絮体的Zeta电位与复配剂的强化混凝效果密切相关,可用于反映硅藻土复配剂的混凝处理效果。研究发现,氯化铝复配剂强化混凝时絮体Zeta电位在加药后迅速上升,25min后趋于稳定;絮体Zeta电位在pH值等于7时接近等电点,此时浊度与COD去除率最高,分别达到99.05%和45.77%;用硅藻土复配剂强化混凝时Zeta电位的控制值为-9.0～0mV之间,不同无机絮凝剂与硅藻土复配混凝时获得较好混凝效果的Zeta电位控制值略有差异。     

改性蛭石絮凝剂对养殖废水的应用研究

以传统PFS作为参考,研究了改性蛭石无机矿物材料絮凝剂对养殖废水中磷、SS、浊度、COD和TN去除效果,蛭石絮凝剂絮体的沉降速度以及絮凝沉降物中磷的解吸率。由试验可知:改性蛭石絮凝剂对养殖废水中磷的去除率为95.8%,对SS、浊度、COD、TN去除效果分别为95.7%、70.0%、38.8%和21.9%,其效果几乎与PFS相同。但是蛭石絮凝剂的絮体体积只占整个沉降物体积的26.4%,而PFS的絮体体积则高达66.4%,是蛭石絮凝剂絮体体积的2.5倍,分离效果较差。蛭石絮凝剂的上清液和絮体沉降物中重金属含量均在标准范围内,而且絮体沉降物中磷在酸性条件下具有较好的解吸率,是一种高效无毒的絮凝剂。     

以高锰酸钾强化中水的物理化学处理方法

提出了一种通过高锰酸钾氧化来强化水中物理化学处理 方法，研究了以复合絮凝剂，高锰酸钾加复合絮弟剂以及经高锰酸钾预氧化用复合絮凝剂中水的效能。试验证明，高锰酸钾可有效提高中水的物理化学处理效率。     

利用小角度激光光散射研究阳离子有机高分子絮凝剂的絮体粒径和絮体结构

利用小角度激光光散射在线监测技术研究了不同阳离子有机高分子絮凝剂对带负电荷的高岭土颗粒体系的絮凝动力学和絮体结构.对于高电荷密度的聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDADMAC),由于分子量低其初始絮凝反应速度较慢,最终形成的絮体也较小.絮凝过程中,其絮体结构发生重组和排列,分形维数从1.83升高到2.09,所形成的絮体密实.对于低电荷密度的2种阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM),因其分子量大投药量高,絮凝反应速度较快;但其絮体的分形维数较小且在絮凝反应中基本保持不变,形成的絮体结构开放和松散.基于有机高分子对高岭土体系浊度和zeta电位的影响,结合絮凝动力学和絮体结构分析,结果表明,PDADMAC絮凝机理是电中和作用,而随着分子量的增加和电荷密度的降低,CPAM则主要通过吸附架桥作用产生絮凝.     

天然植物单宁季铵盐改性絮凝剂的制备和性能评价

用植物单宁和二甲胺、甲醛及环氧氯丙烷进行季铵化反应 ,制得了JK A和JK B两种阳离子絮凝剂。测试了产品的红外光谱 ,并对两种絮凝剂处理效果进行了比较     

Cationic content effects of biodegradable amphoteric chitosan-based flocculants on the flocculation properties

A series of biodegradable amphoteric chitosan-based flocculants (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTA) modified carboxymethyl chitosan, denoted as CMC-CTA) with different substitution degrees of CTA were prepared successfully. The content of carboxymethyl groups in each CMC-CTA sample was kept almost constant. The solubility of the various flocculants showed that, higher cationic content of flocculants caused a better solubility. The flocculation experiments using kaolin suspension as synthetic water at the laboratory scale indicated that the substitution degree of CTA was one of the key factors for the flocculation properties. With the increase of cationic content, the flocculants were demonstrated better flocculation performance and lower dosage requirement. Flocculation kinetics model of particles collisions combining zeta potential and turbidity measurements was employed to investigate the effects of the cationic content of the flocculants on the flocculation properties from the viewpoint of flocculation mechanism in detail. Furthermore, flocculation performance using raw water from Zhenjiang part of Yangtze River at the pilot scale showed the similar effects to those at the laboratory scale.     

Application of organic polymeric flocculants in centrifugal dewa—tering of oil refinery sludge

In order to evaluate the applicability of the organic polymeric floeculants(OPF) in the treatment of oil refinery sludge, experiments were conducted to show that OPF have better performance of flocculafion than inorganic flocculants. Both the anionic and cationic OPF have satisfactory floeculation efficiency in oil sludge treatment, but the latter are more cost-efficient. Among the over 20 types of floecolants tested,20PF(CPAM-2 and HPAM-2) were selected as the treatment agents, based on their good treatment performances, oil-resistance and economic feasibility. It was demonstrated in the industrial-scale centrifugal dewatering experiments that the application of either CPAM-2 or HPAM-2 could achieve high treatment efficiency of the oil sludge dewatefing and reduce the COD of centrifugal liquid to less than 1000 mg/L.     

Research on orthogonal coagulated setting and coagulation-flotation test of tannery wastewater

The treatment of the tannery wastewater was studied by orthogonal test of beaker coagulation. FeSO₄ and alkaline sodium aluminum waste liquid contained NaOH-NaAlO₂ were used as flocculants, with polyacrylamide (PAM) as coagulation. When the dosage of FeSO₄ was 2.66 g/L (pH 5.5), the wastewater pH value of adding alkaline sodium aluminum waste liquid was 8, and the dosage of PAM was 1 mg/L, the optimum result was obtained. A test device of co-coagulation flotation reactor was designed on the basis of the conglutination of bubble, flocci and turbulent flotation theory. In the device, the gas-1iuid mixed pump substituted the air compressor and the pressure releaser. The combination of coagulation and air flotation were realized. The pump is a new kind of air saturation equipment. The air compressor and the pressure releaser were used commonly in traditional air flotation device. The results of treatment of the tannery wastewater showed a stable state, when the operating pressure was 5×10⁵ Pa, circumfluence ratio was 225%.     

Application of organic polymeric fiocculants in centrifugal dewatering of oil refinery sludge

In order to evaluate the applicability of the organic polymeric floeculants(OPF) in the treatment of oil refinery sludge, experimentswere conducted to show that OPF have better performance of flocculation than inorganic flocculants. Both the anionic and cationic OPF havesatisfactory flocculation efficiency in oil sludge treatment, but the latter are more cost-efficient. Among the over 20 types of flocculants tested,2OPF(CPAM-2 and HPAM-2) were selected as the treatment agents, based on their good treatment performances, oil-resistance and economicfeasibility. It was demonstrated in the industrial-scale centrifugal dewatering experiments that the application of either CPAM-2 or HPAM-2could achieve high treatment efficiency of the oil sludge dewatering and reduce the COD of centrifugal liquid to less than 1000 mg/L.     

Preparation and characterization of organic polymer modified composite polyaluminum chloride

Compared with traditional aluminum salts, polyaluminum chloride （PACI） has better coagulation-flocculation performance in turbidity removal. However, it is still inferior to organic polymers in terms of bridging function. In order to improve the aggregating property of PACl, different composite PACl flocculants were prepared with various organic polymers. The effect of organic polymer on the distribution or Al（Ⅲ） species in composite flocculants was studied using ^27TAl NMR and Al-ferron complexation methods. The charge neutralization and surface adsorption characteristics of composite flocculants were also investigated. Jar tests were conducted to evaluate the turbidity removal efficacy of organic polymer modified composite flocculants. The study shows that cationic polymer and anionic polymer have significant influences on the coagulation-flocculation behaviors of PACl. Both cationic and anionic polymers can improve the turbidity removal performancc of PACl but the mechanisms arc much different： cationic organic polymer mainly increases the charge neutralization ability, but anionic polymer mainly enhances the bridging function.     

PDADMAC强化絮凝去除腐殖质类天然有机污染物的研究

以不同来源的腐殖质为典型有机污染物,进行了聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDADMAC）强化絮凝去除溶解性腐殖质的研究和机理讨论.结果表明,复合PDADMAC使絮凝剂投量减少了60%以上,出水DOC和色度的去除率分别增加了60%和90%左右.不同来源腐殖质的负电性对PDADMAC强化絮凝去除腐殖质的影响强于其疏水性的影响.有机阳离子絮凝剂PDADMAC 强化絮凝去除溶解性腐殖质的絮凝机理主要表现为专属吸附作用,即在无机高分子絮凝剂PAC水解絮凝的过程中,高正电性的PDADMAC吸附于PAC水解产物的表面上,增强了其吸附电中和与专属吸附作用,从而提高了其对溶解性腐殖质的去除率.     

不同交联剂制备的环氧氯丙烷-二甲胺聚合物的结构及脱色性能

以环氧氯丙烷和二甲胺为原料,加入不同的胺类交联剂(乙二胺、二乙烯三胺和三乙烯四胺)合成出一系列环氧氯丙烷-二甲胺聚合物(EPI-DMA).研究了交联剂及用量对产品特性的影响;利用红外光谱(IR)和电子透射电镜(TEM)等现代分析仪器研究了EPI-DMA的结构及在水中的聚集形态;并通过烧杯实验研究了EPI-DMA对染料模拟废水和实际印染废水的处理效果.结果表明,交联剂的加入使EPI-DMA的粘度和阳离子度发生变化;不同交联剂制备的EPI-DMA的IR谱图相差不大,但在水溶液中的结构形貌不相同;EPI-DMA处理模拟活性艳红废水时以电中和和吸附架桥为作用机理,在处理还原大红废水时以电中和作用为主;在用EPI-DMA处理实际废水时脱色率和COD的去除率分别可达80%和60%.     

新型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的合成及絮凝性能研究

以丙烯腈和二异丁烯为原料,通过里特反应,合成了具有较大空间体积、疏水性好的树枝状功能性单体,并通过质谱、核磁对其结构进行了表征。在复合引发体系的催化下,把功能性单体、丙烯酰胺(AM)和阳离子单体甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)进行共聚合,合成了不同阳离子度的高性能阳离子聚丙烯酰胺并对其絮凝特性进行了研究。实验结果表明该絮凝剂具有很好的除油、除污效果,有望在污水处理领域得到实际的推广应用。     

村镇生活污水强化混凝处理实验研究

采用聚合氯化铝、硫酸亚铁及阳离子型高分子絮凝剂对村镇生活污水单独处理的效果进行比较,应用正交实验方法探讨了前述絮凝剂复合使用效果。结果表明,在pH为10、PAN投药量1ml／L、混凝时间2min、搅拌转速240r／min,以及絮凝时间10min、搅拌转速120r／min时,试验污水中污染物浊度、COD、SS、NH4^＋—N的去除率分别为99．63％、84．59％、64．59％及49．52％,出水水质达到了国家农田灌溉标准（GB5084—92）,可用于农田灌溉,实现污水资源化。