首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
微生物对地下水及土壤中阿特拉津降解的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
从吉林市农药厂采集的污泥样品中筛选出降解阿特拉津(AT)能力较高的菌-JLNY01,JLNY02,通过条件实验表明,JLNY01在pH=6左右,此菌在10℃条件下,一定时间内驯化降解率可达83.6%,30℃时,6天内可达到对AT的完全降解,证明温度越高降解效果越好,JLNY02可直接在低温条件下进行降解,其降解率可达81.8%,而在高温条件下降解率仅达31.4%,证明此菌是一种嗜冷菌。  相似文献   

2.
地下水中阿特拉津降解菌种的筛选及其降解试验   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
从吉林市农药厂采集的污泥样品中筛选出JLNY01和JLNY02降解阿特拉津(AT)的菌种,模拟地下水环境(pH=7,温度10℃)进行了实验,结果表明,JLNY01在一定时间内驯化,降解率可达83.6%,JLNY02可直接在低温条件下进行降解,其降解率可达81.8%,而在高温(30℃)条件下,JLNY01在6d内可达到对AT的完全降解,而JLNY02的降解率仅为31.5%,证明JLNY01温度愈高降解效果愈好,而JLNY02只适于在低温下降解,可确定为一种嗜冷菌。  相似文献   

3.
阿循拉津在土壤中的降解途径及其对持留性的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
通过田间和实验室试验,研究了作草剂阿特拉津在土壤中的降解代谢规律及其与土壤特性的关系。试验表明,阿特拉津施用后,在作物生长期内可降解90%以上,土壤酸碱度对阿特拉津在土壤中的代谢有显著影响。在碱性土 阿特拉津主要经过微生物代谢而被降解;在酸性土壤中化学水解占地位。  相似文献   

4.
为了探明种植皇竹草(Pennisetum hydridum)对土壤阿特拉津降解的促进作用,通过盆栽试验研究了皇竹草对土壤阿特拉津的降解动态、转移特征以及土壤阿特拉津残留浓度与土壤相关酶活性的关系。结果表明:与未种植皇竹草相比,种植皇竹草土壤阿特拉津降解率明显提高,皇竹草对未灭菌和灭菌土壤阿特拉津的降解率分别提高52.84和42.38百分点;与未种植皇竹草处理相比,灭菌和未灭菌条件下种植皇竹草处理阿特拉津在土壤中的半衰期可分别缩短64.35和53.21 d;土壤中阿特拉津被皇竹草吸收后逐步由地下部分向地上部分转移,随着培养时间的延长,转移系数变大;土壤中阿特拉津残留浓度与土壤过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、转化酶和多酚氧化酶活性呈显著负相关(P0.05或P0.01)。认为种植皇竹草有助于阿特拉津的降解。  相似文献   

5.
采用气液混合放电降解水溶液中的阿特拉津,考察了放电输出功率、溶液pH值和Fe2 浓度对阿特拉津降解的影响,并初步探讨了其降解动力学.结果表明,提高放电输出功率、降低溶液pH值均能提高阿特拉津的降解率.相同实验条件下,添加Fe2 显著提高了阿特拉津的降解率,在Fe2 添加量分别为0.2,0.6,2.0 mmol·1-1时,随着Fe2 浓度的升高阿特拉津的降解率也不断提高.阿特拉津在气液混合放电反应器中的降解符合一级反应动力学.阿特拉津降解过程中的中间产物主要通过以下4种途径产生:脱烷基作用、烷基氧化作用、脱氯羟化作用和脱氯羟化-氧化作用.  相似文献   

6.
阿特拉津在土壤中的生物降解研究   总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25  
运用恒温培养法研究了阿特拉津在河北省白洋淀地区农田土壤中的生物降解动力学,并从中分离鉴定了土壤中降解阿特拉津的优势菌种,研究结果表明,该土壤对阿特拉津具有一定的降解能力,非生物+生物的降解、非生物降解和生物降解的速率分别为0.0262d^-1,0.005548d^-1和0.008194d^-1,半衰期分别为26d,125d和85d,发现土壤中降解阿特拉津的优势菌种为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus  相似文献   

7.
阿特拉津在土壤中的降解途径及其对持留性的影响   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
通过田间和实验室试验,研究了除草剂阿特拉津在土壤中的降解代谢规律及其与土壤特性的关系。试验表明,阿特拉津施用后、在作物生长期内可降解90%以上,土壤酸碱度对阿特拉津在土壤中的代谢有显著影响。在碱性土壤中阿特拉津主要经过微生物代谢而被降解;在酸性土壤中化学水解占优势地位。阿特拉津在强酸性土壤中的持留性(半衰期为63d)低于弱酸性土壤中的持留性(半衰期为84d),而在碱性土壤中由于较强的微生物降解作用,其持留性(半衰期为51d)最低。  相似文献   

8.
1株高效油脂降解菌株的筛选及其降解特性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从学校餐厅污泥中分离得到7株油脂降解菌。以芝麻油为唯一碳源,通过驯化培养、初筛和复筛得到1株芝麻油降解优势菌株。菌种特性研究表明其为好氧菌,降解芝麻油的最适温度为30~37℃左右,pH值为8.0;在最佳生长环境下,该菌株在含20g·L-1芝麻油的培养基中72h内对油脂的降解率达80%以上。  相似文献   

9.
使用富集、稀释涂平板的方法从制药、染料、化工及精细化工、食品等多家工厂的混合高浓度难降解化工废水中筛选到8株细菌,经16S rDNA鉴定为Bacillus aquimaris、Enterobacter、Pseudomonas putida、Microbacterium、Agrobacterium、Alpha proteobacterium、Planococcus rifietoensis,其中两株细菌为Bacillus aquimaris。对各单一菌种生长条件的研究表明,各菌种生长的最适pH为7,最适接种量为15%(v/v),最适生长温度为37℃,其中Pseudomonas putida的最适生长温度为30℃。在最适生长条件下,研究了各单一菌种及不同组合的混合菌种对废水的降解效果,结果表明在单一菌种中Pseudomonas putida对废水的降解效果最优,混合菌的降解效果优于单一菌种的降解效果,混合菌可将废水COD由1 249 mg/L降至97 mg/L,比普通活性污泥对废水的去除率提高了14.7%。  相似文献   

10.
叙述了阿特拉津的应用概况及其在生产实践中所存在问题;阿特拉津在生物体内和环境中的降解代谢过程。综述了近年来国内外在阿特拉津的残留分析方法、环境毒理学和微生物降解等方面的研究进展。  相似文献   

11.
Sensitivity of three algal species, Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus acutus and Pseudanabaena galeata to herbicides atrazine and chlorsulfuron was studied using single species toxicity tests. Organisms were exposed to different concentrations of these herbicides and the algal growth was measured by turbidity at 750 nm. Atrazine appeared to be the most inhibitory to algae growth. 96 hr EbC50 of atrazine was: 1.3, 0.014, 0.014 mg/1 for C. saccharophila, S. acutus and P. galeata, respectively and 96 hr EbC50 of chlorsulfuron was 74.5 mg/1 for C.saccharophila, 0.19 mg/1 for S. acutus and 21.1 mg/1 for P. galeata  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

Atrazine, an endocrine-disrupting compound and environmental pollutant, can have adverse effects on amphibian reproductive development and function. To determine the effects of atrazine on anuran gonadal development, Lithobates pipiens larvae were exposed from Gosner stage 25 through 1-month post metamorphosis to 0, 2, 20, or 200?μg/L atrazine or estradiol. Exposure to atrazine did not markedly alter tadpole growth, development, gonadal histology, or reproductive steroidogenesis. Testicular ovarian follicles appeared in L. pipiens metamorphs following all treatments, including controls, whereas ovotestes occurred only in positive controls. Testicular ovarian follicles may be a natural ontogenetic occurrence in this species while ovotestes indicate disruption in development. Establishing the normal pattern of reproductive development for anuran species and conducting comparisons in fully sexually differentiated animals is necessary to clarify the influence of endocrine disrupting compounds.  相似文献   

13.
吸附反应时间对除草剂阿特拉津吸附行为的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
邓建才  蒋新  胡维平  卢信 《生态环境》2007,16(2):402-406
采用批量动态实验方法,对潮土中阿特拉津吸附特征随吸附反应时间变化进行了研究。结果表明,土壤吸附的阿特拉津量随反应时间的变化符合双曲线函数关系。在50μg·L-1~2000μg·L-1浓度系列下,在48h内,土壤颗粒对阿特拉津的吸附属于快反应,土壤吸附的阿特拉津量随吸附反应时间呈指数上升,为吸附实验结束(168h)时土壤吸附阿特拉津总量的58%到90%。当吸附反应时间超过48h后,随反应时间增加,土壤吸附阿特拉津量差异变化不显著。阿特拉津在潮土颗粒和土壤溶液中的相分配可用Freundlich方程描述。吸附容量因子Kf与吸附反应时间之间有极显著的线性正关系(r2=0.9063**,p<0.0001)。无量纲的非线性因子n与吸附反应时间之间也具有显著的线性负关系(r2=0.5666*,p=0.0192)。  相似文献   

14.
运用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术在分子生物学水平上评价了低浓度阿特拉津长期暴露对鲫鱼DNA的影响.结果表明:0.006mg·L-1以上浓度(试验浓度系列为0.006、0.023、0.094、0.375、1.5、3mg·L-1)的阿特拉津持续暴露60d均会对鲫鱼的DNA产生影响;经筛选,确定有34条引物能够扩增出鲫鱼基因组DNA,其中有8条引物能检测出阿特拉津对鲫鱼基因组DNA影响的差异:各浓度组鲫鱼DNA的RAPD扩增产物条带均出现不同程度缺失;在较低浓度长期暴露下阿特拉津对鲫鱼基因组DNA的损伤无明显的剂量-效应关系,阿特拉津毒性在0.375mg·L-1时突然增强,但这一趋势并未向更高浓度组延续(1.5mg·L-1组表现出的毒性弱于0.375mg·L-1组和3mg·L-1组).  相似文献   

15.
狼尾草根系对阿特拉津长期胁迫的氧化应激响应   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过盆栽实验研究了抗性植物狼尾草根部丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)、抗坏血酸(As A)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)等氧化应激生理指标对不同浓度阿特拉津长期(48 d)胁迫的响应规律。结果表明:当阿特拉津胁迫浓度分别高于20 mg·kg~(-1)和50 mg·kg~(-1)时,狼尾草根系的MDA与Pro含量较对照组显著升高(P0.05);随着阿特拉津胁迫浓度的增加,狼尾草根部SOD和GR活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,其中当阿特拉津胁迫浓度为20 mg·kg~(-1)时,SOD和GR活性达到最大值;供试植物根系中As A含量与阿特拉津胁迫浓度呈正相关。综上,中低浓度(≤20 mg·kg~(-1))阿特拉津处理没有对狼尾草的根系产生明显的氧化胁迫效应,狼尾草根系的上述抗氧化应激生理指标对于发挥阿特拉津抗性起着重要的作用。  相似文献   

16.
阿特拉津对家蚕生殖发育的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
为探讨环境激素(EH)对鳞翅目昆虫的性激素作用,用添加阿特拉津(AT)的人工饲料饲养家蚕,调查AT对家蚕生殖发育的影响.结果显示:1)染毒72、96、120h的半数致死浓度LC50分别为0.348、0.326、0.234mmol·kg-1(即75.1、70.3、50.5mg·kg-1),属中等毒性.2)AT染毒可导致雄性家蚕5龄幼虫生殖腺指数显著升高,成虫(蛾)生殖腺指数显著降低.从整个世代看,0.05mmol·kg-1的AT对家蚕精巢的生长即表现出不良影响.AT染毒对雄蚕5龄幼虫、蛹前期精细胞的形成有促进作用,而对蛹后期和成虫(蛾)的精子形成有限制作用,可能AT染毒阻碍了精细胞向精子的发育.3)雌性家蚕幼虫期AT染毒后,5龄幼虫和蛹的卵细胞数量显著少于对照组(p<0.05).从不同发育时期的影响程度看,AT对卵细胞发育的抑制作用具有显著的时间效应(p<0.05).实验浓度下,AT对雌蚕造卵数和产卵数影响不显著,然而随着AT浓度的增加,不受精卵越来越多,AT染毒对雌蚕受精率具有显著抑制作用.AT通过抑制家蚕生殖腺的生长和生殖细胞的发育表现出雌激素效应.  相似文献   

17.
Atrazine is one of the most widely applied and persistent herbicides in the world. In view of limited information on the regional contamination of atrazine in soils in China, this study investigated the spatial distribution and environmental impacts of atrazine in agricultural soils collected from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) as an illustrative analysis of rapidly developing regions in the country. The results showed that the concentrations of atrazine in the YRD agricultural soils ranged from <1.0 to 113 ng/g dry weight, with a mean of 5.7 ng/g, and a detection rate of 57.7 % in soils. Pesticide factory might be a major source for the elevated levels of atrazine in Zhejiang Province. The contamination of atrazine was closely associated with land use types. The concentrations and detection rates of atrazine were higher in corn fields and mulberry fields than in rice paddy fields. There was no significant difference in compositions of soil microbial phospholipids fatty acids among the areas with different atrazine levels. Positive relationship (R = 0.417, p < 0.05, n = 30) was observed between atrazine and total microbial biomass. However, other factors, such as soil type and land management practice, might have stronger influences on soil microbial communities. Human health risks via exposure to atrazine in soils were estimated according to the methods recommended by the US EPA. Atrazine by itself in all the soil samples imposed very low carcinogenic risks (<10?6) and minimal non-cancer risks (hazard index <1) to adults and children.  相似文献   

18.
Toxicity,degradation and analysis of the herbicide atrazine   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Excessive use of pesticides and herbicides is a major environmental and health concern worldwide. Atrazine, a synthetic triazine herbicide commonly used to control grassy and broadleaf weeds in crops, is a major pollutant of soil and water ecosystems. Atrazine modifies the growth, enzymatic processes and photosynthesis in plants. Atrazine exerts mutagenicity, genotoxicity, defective cell division, erroneous lipid synthesis and hormonal imbalance in aquatic fauna and nontarget animals. It has threatened the sustainability of agricultural soils due to detrimental effects on resident soil microbial communities. The detection of atrazine in soil and reservoir sites is usually made by IR spectroscopy, ELISA, HPLC, UPLC, LC–MS and GC–MS techniques. HPLC/LC–MS and GC–MS techniques are considered the most effective tools, having detection limits up to ppb levels in different matrices. Biodegradation of atrazine by microbial species is increasingly being recognized as an eco-friendly, economically feasible and sustainable bioremediation strategy. This review presents the toxicity, analytical techniques, abiotic degradation and microbial metabolism of atrazine.  相似文献   

19.
In this study, an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) wastewater treatment process was implemented to treat domestic wastewater with short-term atrazine addition. The results provided an evaluation on the effects of an accidental pollution on the operation of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in relation to Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and biological nutrient removal. Domestic wastewater with atrazine addition in 3 continuous days was treated when steady biological nutrient removal was achieved in the A2O process. The concentrations of atrazine were 15, 10, and 5 mg·L?1 on days 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The results showed that atrazine addition did not affect the removal of COD. The specific NH4 + oxidation rate and NO3 ? reduction rate decreased slightly due to the short-term atrazine addition. However, it did not affect the nitrogen removal due to the high nitrification and denitrification capacity of the system. Total nitrogen (TN) removal was steady, and more than 70% was removed during the period studied. The phosphorus removal rate was not affected by the short-term addition of atrazine under the applied experimental conditions. However, more poly-hydroxy-alkanoate (PHA) was generated and utilized during atrazine addition. The results of the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) showed that the respiration of nitrifiers decreased significantly, while the activity of carbon utilizers had no obvious change with the atrazine addition. Atrazine was not removed with the A2O process, even via absorption by the activated sludge in the process of the short-term addition of atrazine.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号