Ni foam/Cu电极电催化还原硝酸盐氮

采用恒流电沉积法制备了泡沫镍/铜（Ni foam/Cu）电极.以Ni foam/Cu电极为阴极、Ti/RuO₂-Ir₂O₃电极为阳极构建电解体系,对水中硝酸盐氮进行电催化还原处理.并研究了电解质对总氮和氨氮去除率的影响和电极的稳定性.在一定范围内,增大电解质NaCl的浓度可以提高总氮和氨氮去除率.当NaCl浓度为0.5 g·L^-1时,在电解电流密度为8 mA·cm^-2的条件下对100 mg·L^-1 NO₃^--N溶液进行6次重复电解实验,2.5 h后硝酸盐氮去除率均可以达到94.5%以上.当NaCl浓度为1.25 g·L^-1时,在电解电流密度为8 mA·cm^-2的条件下对100 mg·L^-1 NO₃^--N溶液电解2.5 h,出水中氨氮浓度只有2.90 mg·L^-1,总氮去除率达到79....     

g-C3N4-MoS2/WSe2自偏压系统构建与不同类型污染物同时去除性能研究

由于工业化进程的不断推进,染料与重金属废水被非法排入自然水体,水体污染问题日益严峻.为实现两种污染物的同时去除,本文通过调控合成MoS₂/WSe₂（MW）异质结复合催化材料,提高其催化活性.黑暗条件下,以MoS₂、WSe₂以及MW为阳极材料,g-C₃N₄为阴极材料组建自偏压燃料电池系统,实现在降解有机染料的同时,去除水体中的重金属离子.通过调控参数,探究影响染料与重金属去除的因素.研究表明,影响重金属和有机染料去除效果的因素有pH、电解质溶液浓度、重金属溶液浓度.当溶液pH=5,电解质溶液浓度为0.1 mol·L^-1,铜离子浓度为4 mg·L^-1时,重金属的去除率为64.3%.当溶液pH=5,电解质溶液浓度为0.2 mol·L^-1,铜离子浓度为2 mg·L^-1时,有机染料罗丹明B的去除率为99.5%.该系统在无外加光照条件下,实现不同类型污染物同时去除,并产生约240 ...     

赤泥基零价铁类芬顿降解罗丹明B和磺胺嘧啶的催化性能

为了有效去除废水中的有机污染物和实现赤泥（RM）的再利用,利用废弃活性炭（WAC）作为碳源,通过还原焙烧-磁选二步法制备了赤泥基零价铁（ZVI/RM）材料作为类芬顿催化剂催化氧化废水中常见的有机污染物罗丹明B （RhB）和磺胺嘧啶（SD）.材料表征结果表明,零价铁均匀分布在材料上,且材料具有明显的介孔结构.当初始pH为3.00,H₂O₂的浓度为1mmol·L^-1,ZVI/RM投加量为200 mg·L^-1,RhB初始浓度为50 mg·L^-1时,10 min内RhB的降解率达到99.9%.当初始pH为3.00,H₂O₂的浓度为1 mmol·L^-1,ZVI/RM投加量为100 mg L^-1,SD初始浓度为20 mg·L^-1时,10 min内SD的降解率达到99.9%,根据已知中间产物提出了SD的降解路线.研究结果表明,复合材料ZVI/RM能有效催化降解RhB和SD,有望运用于...     

Fe2+耦合热活化过硫酸盐降解土壤中四溴双酚A

有效降解和去除土壤中四溴双酚A(TBBPA)是土壤环境化学研究热点.本文研究了Fe²⁺耦合热活化过硫酸盐体系(Fe²⁺/热/PS)对土壤中TBBPA的降解,并考察温度、Fe²⁺始浓度、PS浓度、初始pH值、无机阴离子(Cl^-、HCO₃^-)浓度以及金属离子(Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ni²⁺)浓度的影响.结果表明,Fe²⁺/热/PS降解TBBPA的效果远高于同等条件下单一热活化和Fe²⁺活化的情况;提高温度和PS浓度能够促进土壤TBBPA的降解;而过量的亚铁离子会导致TBBPA去除率下降,Fe²⁺与PS的最佳摩尔比为0.5:1;Fe²⁺耦合热活化PS体系具有较宽的pH应用范围,在酸性条件下更有利于降解;温度55℃、Fe²⁺浓度25 mmol·L^-1、PS浓度50 mmo...     

BDD-Fe-NADE电芬顿系统降解磺胺类抗生素的作用机理

本研究构建了以BDD电极为阳极,自然空气扩散电极(natural air diffusion electrode,NADE)为阴极,零价铁作为催化剂的电芬顿系统,深入探索了该系统对磺胺嘧啶(sulfadiazine,SD)的降解效果和机理.相较于其他系统,BDD-Fe-NADE系统降解优势明显.为进一步探索系统的作用机理,在BDD阳极和NADE阴极之间加入质子交换膜,构建双室降解系统,分别计算阳极室和阴极室中直接电子转移(direct electron transfer,DET)、H₂O₂、·OH、S₂O₈^2-和·SO₄^-等氧化性粒子对于磺胺嘧啶降解的贡献率.结果表明,在阳极室中,电极氧化和Fe²⁺催化S₂O₈^2-产生的·SO₄^-起主要氧化作用,贡献率分别为49.02%和35.29%;在阴极室中,Fe     

高浓度含油废水中不同组分烃的生物强化去除特性

为探究石油烃降解菌群对高浓度含油废水中不同组分烃的生物降解特性,向含油水相中接种石油烃降解菌群LW-10(Accession number:SRR15082184)进行降解实验.利用GC-MS研究了LW-10对原油中不同组分烃的降解性能,采用流式细胞术检测降解体系中的菌量变化.利用qPCR技术对控制不同组分烃降解的关键基因进行检测.结果表明,原油浓度为5000 mg·L^-1的含油废水中接种LW-10降解17 d,对原油中烷烃和多环芳烃组分的降解率分别为96.7%和28.4%.体系中的降解菌总浓度与高活性菌浓度由接种时的1.0×10⁸ cfu·mL^-1增加至2.1×10⁹ cfu·mL^-1和8.3×10⁸ cfu·mL^-1.检测的3种石油烃降解功能基因中,烷烃单加氧酶基因alkB2拷贝数由1.06×10⁸ copy·mL^-1变为2.84×10⁸copy·mL^-1...     

Co-Cu双金属氧化物活化过一硫酸盐去除水中磺胺甲噁唑

采用钴铜双金属氧化物(Co-Cu)为催化剂,活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)降解水中的磺胺甲噁唑(SMX).使用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂的形貌和元素组成进行表征.考察了催化剂和PMS浓度、无机阴离子和富里酸(FA)对Co-Cu/PMS体系降解SMX的影响.结果表明,当pH为7.0时,在催化剂用量为50 mg·L^-1,PMS浓度为0.5 mmol·L^-1条件下,50 mg·L^-1的SMX在30 min内去除率为95.6%,增加PMS浓度或提高催化剂用量均可加快SMX的降解速率.水中FA与HCO₃^-对SMX的去除率有一定的抑制作用,而Cl^-和SO₄^2-对反应无影响.淬灭实验与电子顺磁共振(EPR)结果显示,硫酸根自由基(SO₄^·-)和单线态氧(¹O₂)为Co...     

表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)辅助合成Bi2MoO6光催化剂协同PMS降解AO7

采用CTAB辅助水热法合成钼酸铋(Bi₂MoO₆,BMO)微球，并将其用于活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)，在可见光下降解废水中的偶氮染料金橙Ⅱ(AO7).利用X射线衍射(XRD)，傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)，扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线能谱(XPS)，透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis)对催化剂进行了表征，并通过降解实验测试其催化性能.结果表明，合成的催化剂具有良好的吸附、催化降解AO7的性能.在中性条件下，催化剂投加量0.3 g·L^-1,AO7浓度0.1 mmol·L^-1,PMS浓度1 mmol·L^-1，可以在30 min内完全降解AO7.研究了催化剂含量、pH、共存阴离子等对AO7降解效果的影响.通过自由基消除实验，探索了0.10CTAB-BMO/光/PMS体系中存在的活性物种(h⁺、·O₂^-、¹O₂、·OH和SO₄...     

UV/H2O2对盐酸林可霉素的光催化降解及生物毒性分析

本文以盐酸林可霉素(LCM)为研究对象，探究其在UV/H₂O₂降解作用下的降解情况，探讨了H₂O₂浓度、初始pH值和有机物等影响因素对LCM的影响及机制.实验结果表明，当H₂O₂浓度为50 mg·L^-1,pH=7.3,LCM浓度为10 mg·L^-1，反应30 min后，LCM去除率达到98%，且反应过程遵循准一级动力学.利用高效液相色谱串联飞行时间质谱仪(LCMS-TOF 5600+)鉴别出其在UV/H₂O₂降解过程中主要产物的分子结构式，进而推导出可能的降解路径.利用TEST对降解过程中的产物进行毒性预测，结果表明，中间产物的毒性高于母体，对水质安全保障造成潜在风险.     

风浪扰动下南四湖南阳湖区底泥Hg的动态迁移规律模拟

风浪等动力扰动下底泥重金属的释放研究主要集中在含量变化上,而对其动态迁移过程,尤其是悬浮后的沉降过程则少有涉及.本文以重金属Hg污染较为严重的山东南四湖南阳湖区为研究对象,借助Y型旋浆式底泥再悬浮发生装置,通过常见风情条件下底泥原柱样再悬浮和沉降过程模拟,对不同风浪条件下典型重金属Hg在底泥-水界面的动态迁移过程进行了研究.结果表明,风浪扰动下,南阳湖水柱中Hg浓度呈增加趋势,夏季和冬季河口区Hg浓度分别由1.5μg·L^-1和0.5μg·L^-1左右增加到2.5μg·L^-1和1.0μg·L^-1左右,湖心区分别由0.1μg·L^-1和0.3μg·L^-1左右增加到0.12μg·L^-1和1.0μg·L^-1左右,风浪扰动增加了底泥Hg的释放风险,间隙水高浓度Hg向上覆水释放为其主要原因;风浪扰动停止后,水柱中Hg浓度总体呈波动性下降,但20 h很难降低到初始浓度;水柱中Hg浓度增量同风浪强度没有明显依赖关系,夏季和冬季河口区...     

Selective recovery of Cu2+ and Ni2+ from wastewater using bioelectrochemical system

As the bioelectrochemical system, the microbial fuel cell (MFC) and the microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) were developed to selectively recover Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions from wastewater. The wastewater was treated in the cathode chambers of the system, in which Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions were removed by using the MFC and the MEC, respectively. At an initial Cu²⁺ concentration of 500 mg·L^-1, removal efficiencies of Cu²⁺ increased from 97.0%±1.8% to 99.0%±0.3% with the initial Ni²⁺ concentrations from 250 to 1000 mg·L^-1, and maximum power densities increased from 3.1±0.5 to 5.4±0.6 W·m^-3. The Ni²⁺ removal mass in the MEC increased from 6.8±0.2 to 20.5±1.5 mg with the increase of Ni²⁺ concentrations. At an initial Ni²⁺ concentration of 500 mg·L^-1, Cu²⁺ removal efficiencies decreased from 99.1%±0.3% to 74.2%±3.8% with the initial Cu²⁺ concentrations from 250 to 1000 mg·L^-1, and maximum power densities increased from 3.0±0.1 to 6.3±1.2 W·m^-3. Subsequently, the Ni²⁺ removal efficiencies decreased from 96.9%±3.1% to 73.3%±5.4%. The results clearly demonstrated the feasibility of selective recovery of Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ from the wastewater using the bioelectrochemical system.     

Degradation of bisphenol A by microorganisms immobilized on polyvinyl alcohol microspheres

In this study, microorganisms （named B111） were immobilized on polyvinyl alcohol microspheres prepared by the inverse suspension crosslinked method. The biodegradation of bisphenol A （BPA） and 4-hydro- xybenzaldehyde, a degradation product of BPA, by free and immobilized B lll was investigated. The BPA degradation studies were carried out at initial BPA concentrations ranging from 25 to 150 mg·L^-1. The affinity constant Ks and maximum degradation rate Rmax were 98.3 mg·L^-1 and 19.7mg·mg^-1VSS·d^-1 for free B111, as well as 87.2mg·L^-1 and 21.1mg·mg^-1VSS·d^-1 for immobilized B 111, respectively. 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses confirmed that the dominant genera were Pseudomonas and Brevundimonas for BPA biodegradation in microorganisms B 111.     

Adsorption property of direct fast black onto acid-thermal modified sepiolite and optimization of adsorption conditions using Box-Behnken response surface methodology

The adsorption of direct fast black onto acid-thermal modified sepiolite was investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the influences of experimental parameters such as initial dye concentration, initial solution pH and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption process. The three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized for modeling and optimization of the adsorption conditions for direct fast black onto the acid-thermal modified sepiolite. The raw sepiolite was converted to acid-thermal modified sepiolite, and changes in the fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) adsorption bands of the sample were noted at 3435 cm^-1 and 1427 cm^-1. The zeolitic water disappeared and the purity of sepiolite was improved by acid-thermal modification. The decolorization rate of direct fast black adsorbed increased from 68.2% to 98.9% on acid-thermal modified sepiolite as the initial solution pH decreased from 10 to 2. When the adsorbent dosage reached to 2.5 g·L^-1, 2.0 g·L^-1, 1.5 g·L^-1 and 1.0 g·L^-1, the decolorization rate was 90.3%, 86.7%, 61.0% and 29.8%, respectively. When initial dye concentration increased from 25 to 200 mg·L^-1, the decolorization rate decreased from 91.9% to 60.0%. The RSM results showed that the interaction between adsorbent dosage and pH to be a significant factor. The optimum conditions were as follows: the adsorbent dosage 1.99 g·L^-1, pH 4.22, and reaction time 5.2 h. Under these conditions, the decolorization rate was 95.1%. The three dimensional fluorescence spectra of direct fast black before and after treatment showed that the direct fast black was almost all adsorbed by the acid-thermal modified sepiolite.     

低碳氮比废水好氧颗粒污泥系统稳定性及微生物种群多样性研究

低碳氮比(C/N)废水处理是含氮废水处理中的难题之一.本实验在C/N为4:1和2:1(COD和NH₄⁺-N浓度分别为400 mg·L^-1和100 mg·L^-1,400 mg·L^-1和200 mg·L^-1)条件下,考察好氧颗粒污泥系统对低碳氮比废水的处理效果、长期运行稳定性,研究C/N对好氧颗粒微生物结构变化的影响.研究结果表明,在C/N为4:1的废水中接种活性污泥培养好氧颗粒污泥,形成的颗粒沉降性能良好,MLSS为4.94 g·L^-1,SVI30为40 mL·g^-1,COD去除率90%以上,氨氮去除率接近100%.降低碳氮比,即C/N为2:1后,好氧颗粒的物理及硝化性能无明显变化,MLSS为11.38 g·L^-1,SVI₃₀/SVI₅维持在1左右,COD去除率大于85%,氨氮去除率98%.碳氮比降低使颗粒微生物多样性减少,其中陶厄氏菌受影响较小,而硝化功能菌出现更替:噬氢菌、食酸菌、里德拜特氏菌消失,鞘氨醇单胞菌、束缚杆菌等成为优势菌种.实验表明,该低碳氮比条件下好氧颗粒污泥系统能够稳定运行,且具有优良的处理性能.     

Using crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol polymer membrane as a separator in the microbial fuel cell

Separator between anode and cathode is an essential part of the microbial fuel cell （MFC） and its property could significantly influence the system perfor- mance. In this study we used polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） polymer membrane crosslinked with sulfosuccinic acid （SSA） as a new separator for the MFC. The highest power density of 7594-4 mW-m-2 was obtained when MFC using the PVA membrane crosslinked with 15% of SSA due to its desirable proton conductivity （5.16 x 10-2 S.cml）. The power density significantly increased to 11064- 30 mW.m-2 with a separator-electrode-assembly config- uration, which was comparable with glass fiber （11704- 46 mW.m-2）. The coulombic efficiencies of the MFCs with crosslinked PVA membranes ranged from 36.3% to 45.7% at a fix external resistance of lO00f2. The crosslinked PVA membrane could be a promising alter- native to separator materials for constructing practical MFC system.     

Optimization of thermophilic anaerobic-aerobic treatment system for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)

Optimization of an integrated anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor (IAAB) treatment system for the reduction of organic matter (Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentrations) in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) to legal standards with high methane yield was performed for the first time under thermophilic condition (50°C–55°C) by using response surface methodology (RSM). The experiments were conducted based on a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three independent operating variables, organic loading rates in anaerobic compartment (OLR_an) and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) concentration in anaerobic (MLVSS_an) and aerobic compartments (MLVSS_a). The optimum conditions for the POME treatment were determined as OLR_an of 15.6 g COD·L^-1·d^-1, MLVSS_an of 43100 mg·L^-1, and MLVSS_a of 18600 mg·L^-1, where high aerobic COD, BOD and TSS removal efficiencies of 96.3%, 97.9%, and 98.5% were achieved with treated BOD of 56 mg·L^-1 and TSS of 28 mg·L^-1 meeting the discharge standard. This optimization study successfully achieved a reduction of 42% in the BOD concentrations of the final treated effluent at a 48% higher OLR_an as compared to the previous works. Besides, thermophilic IAAB system scores better feasibility and higher effectiveness as compared to the optimized mesophilic system. This is due to its higher ability to handle high OLR with higher overall treatment efficiencies (more than 99.6%), methane yield (0.31 L CH₄·g^-1 COD_removed) and purity of methane (67.5%). Hence, these advantages ascertain the applicability of thermophilic IAAB in the POME treatment or even in other high-strength wastewaters treatment.     

Reduction of hexavalent chromium with scrap iron in a fixed bed reactor

The reduction of hexavalent chromium by scrap iron was investigated in continuous long-term fixed bed system. The effects of pH, empty bed contact time (EBCT), and initial Cr(VI) concentration on Cr(VI) reduction were studied. The results showed that the pH, EBCT, and initial Cr(VI) concentration significantly affected the reduction capacity of scrap iron. The reduction capacity of scrap iron were 4.56, 1.51, and 0.57 mg Cr(VI)·g^-1 Fe⁰ at pH 3, 5, and 7 (initial Cr(VI) concentration 4 mg·L^-1, EBCT 2 min, and temperature 25°C), 0.51, 1.51, and 2.85 mg Cr(VI)·g^-1 Fe⁰ at EBCTs of 0.5, 2.0, and 6.0 min (initial Cr(VI) concentration 4 mg·L^-1, pH 5, and temperature 25°C), and 2.99, 1.51, and 1.01 mg Cr(VI)·g^-1 Fe⁰ at influent concentrations of 1, 4, and 8 mg·L^-1 (EBCT 2 min, pH 5, and temperature 25°C), respectively. Fe(total) concentration in the column effluent continuously decreased in time, due to a decrease in time of the iron corrosion rate. The fixed bed reactor can be readily used for the treatment of drinking water containing low amounts of Cr(VI) ions, although the hardness and humic acid in water may shorten the lifetime of the reactor, the reduction capacity of scrap iron still achieved 1.98 mg Cr⁶⁺·g^-1 Fe. Scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersion spectrometer and X-ray diffraction were conducted to examine the surface species of the scrap iron before and after its use. In addition to iron oxides and hydroxide species, iron-chromium complex was also observed on the reacted scrap iron.     

Kinetics of oxidation of dimethyl trisulfide by potassium permanganate in drinking water

Metabolites of algae such as geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol etc. are reported to induce pungent odors into drinking water and attract additional scientific attention. Recently, in China, taste and odor outbreaks in drinking water supply have become increasingly common. In source water affected by eutrophication, dimethyl trisulfide, speculated to be produced by decayed algae, was found to be the source of taste and odor issues and can be removed effectively by usual oxidation agents. In this experimental study, batch scale tests were carried out focusing on the removal of dimethyl trisulfide. Reaction kinetics of dimethyl trisulfide oxidized by potassium permanganate in water had been studied; influence factors such as pH, organic substrate, other existed taste, and odor contaminant in equivalent concentration were also discussed. Results showed that dimethyl trisulfide can be removed by potassium permanganate efficiently; the ratio can reach more than 70% with oxidant dosage of 4 mg·L^-1 and contact time prolonged to 120 min. The dimethyl trisulfide decomposition followed a second-order kinetics pattern with a rate constant k = 0.00213 L·(min·mg)^-1. Typically, the degradation rate of dimethyl trisulfide was increased with the increasing KMnO₄ dosage, but dramatically dropped with the increasing levels of humic acid (1.8–4.5 mg·L^-1) and other odor-causing compounds (e.g. β-cyclocitral, 0–1886.0 μg·L^-1). Solution pH (5.2–9.0) and initial dimethyl trisulfide concentration did not significantly affected the degradation. This study demonstrates that KMnO₄ oxidation is an effective option to remove dimethyl trisulfide from water.     

球磨零价镁/石墨(ZVMg/C)降解水中三氯乙烯

利用机械球磨法制备了零价镁/石墨(ZVMg/C)材料,并将其用于水溶液中三氯乙烯(TCE)的降解。研究通过SEM、BET和XRD等分析手段解析了ZVMg/C的表面形态结构和成分组成;采用正交实验方法优化了ZVMg/C的制备参数,比较了石墨含量对材料性能的影响;并考察了ZVMg/C投加量、溶液初始pH和地下水中常见阴(Cl^-、SO₄^2-、HCO₃^-、NO₃^-)、阳(Fe³⁺、Cu²⁺)离子与ZVMg/C降解TCE的构效关系。研究结果表明,球磨转速和球磨时间是决定ZVMg/C还原能力的两个主要控制参数;ZVMg/C对TCE的降解主要发生在反应的前2 h内,当ZVMg/C投加量为0.2 mol·L^-1时,表面积归一化速率常数(KSA)达到最大为1.31×10^-1 L·h^-1·m^-2;溶液初始pH和常见阴离子对ZVMg/C降解TCE的影响相对较小;而溶液中的Fe³⁺或Cu²⁺能够被ZVMg/C原位还原成金属单质并与ZVMg组成双金属体系促进TCE的还原降解。     

Validation of polymer-based nano-iron oxide in further phosphorus removal from bioeffluent: laboratory and scaledup study

The efficient removal of phosphorous from water is an important but challenging task. In this study, we validated the applicability of a new commercially available nanocomposite adsorbent, i.e., a polymer-based hydrated ferric oxide nanocomposite (HFO-201), for the further removal of phosphorous from the bioeffluent discharged from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, and the operating parameters such as the flow rate, temperature and composition of the regenerants were optimized. Laboratory-scale results indicate that phosphorous in real bioeffluent can be effectively removed from 0.92 mg·L^-1 to<0.5 mg·L^-1 (or even<0.1 mg·L^-1 as desired) by the new adsorbent at a flow rate of 50 bed volume (BV) per hour and treatable volume of 3500–4000 BV per run. Phosphorous removal is independent of the ambient temperature in the range of 15°C–40°C. Moreover, the exhausted HFO-201 can be regenerated by a 2% NaOH+ 5% NaCl binary solution for repeated use without significant capacity loss. A scaled-up study further indicated that even though the initial total phosphorus (TP) was as high as 2 mg·L^-1, it could be reduced to<0.5 mg·L^-1, with a working capacity of 4.4–4.8 g·L^-1 HFO-201. In general, HFO-201 adsorption is a choice method for the efficient removal of phosphate from biotreated waste effluent.