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1.
1994年夏季调查和测定了南京市市售青菜中甲胺磷、乐果、甲基-1605等5种有机磷农药残留量。结果表明,夏季青菜(包括青菜秧)中有机磷农药残留量有超标现象,其中甲胺磷在青菜中的平均残留量为0.063mg/kg,超标率为11.5%,其余4种有机磷农药在青菜中未检出。  相似文献   

2.
南京市夏季青菜中有机磷农药残留量调查   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
1994年夏季调查和测定了南京市市售青菜中甲胺磷、乐果、甲基-1605等5种有机磷农药残留量。结果表明,夏季青菜(包括青菜秧)中有机磷农药残留量有超标现象,其中甲胺磷在青菜中的平均残留量为0.063mg/kg,超标率为11.5%,其余4种有机磷农药在青菜中未检出。  相似文献   

3.
对沈阳市农田(水田、旱田、菜田)土壤中农药残留调查表明,禾大壮、丁草胺、敌百虫、辛硫磷、阿特拉津、乐果、氧化乐果、溴氰菊酯、1605残留量测定结果均低于检出限。六六六残留几何平均水平为0.011mg/kg.DDT为0.039mg/kg;旱田、水田六六六异构体的残留主要是β-BHC,DDT异构体的残留主要是p,p'-DDE.  相似文献   

4.
沈阳市农田土壤农药残留水平   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
对沈阳市农田(水田、旱田、菜田)土壤中农药残留调查表明,禾大壮、丁草胺、敌百虫、辛硫磷、阿特拉津、乐果、氧化乐果、溴氰菊酯、1605残留量测定结果均低于检出限。六六六残留几何平均水平为0.011mg/kg,DDT为0.039mg/kg;旱田、水田六六六异构体的残留主要是β-BHC,DDT异构体的残留量主要是p,p'-DDE。  相似文献   

5.
长春市主要蔬菜中农药残留分析   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11  
采用速测法和气相色谱法研究了长春市市场销售的主要蔬菜中的农药残留问题。2002年秋季对长春市的9个蔬菜批发市场的16种蔬菜进行抽样检测,蔬菜中有机磷类和氨基甲酸酯类农药平均超标率为11.05%,残留的主要农药种类是甲胺磷、氧化乐果和敌敌畏。检测16种蔬菜中有9种超标。2003年春季同样对9个蔬菜市场的17种蔬菜进行抽样检测,农药残留平均超标率为11.0%,残留的农药主要种类是甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、甲拌磷、敌敌畏、氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯等,检测的17种蔬菜中有3种严重超标。由此可见蔬菜中农药残留还是很严重的问题,政府与有关部门仍需加强管理。  相似文献   

6.
珠江广州河段底泥中有机质、硫化物和重金属汞、铜、铅的污染监测结果表明:各种污染物的含量范围分别为有机质20.8—74.4g/kg,硫化物28.7—538mg/kg,汞0.07-0.74mg/kg,铜20.9—101mg/kg,铅14.2—917mg/kg;它们在沿程各断面的分布表现为上游往中游递增,而中游向下游递减,基本上以猎德、广纸和黄沙三个断面的污染最严重;各种污染物的污染程度顺序是硫化物>汞>铜>铅。相关分析表明:汞、铜与有机质和硫化物的相关关系均达到极显著水平。说明随着底泥中有机质和硫化物积累的增加,汞、铜的富集量相应增加,污染加重。  相似文献   

7.
霸螨灵在苹果和土壤中的残留动态试验   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
报道了霸螨灵在苹果上残留动态的研究情况。霸螨灵在苹果果实中的原始沉积量1995年和1996年分别为0.470和90.761mg/kg,消解半衰期分别为2.5和3.5d,两年试验结果消解趋势基本一致。按推荐剂量2000倍液和高剂量1000倍液分2次和3次施药,14d后测定,霸螨灵在苹果中的残留量分别为0.098mg/kg和0.132mg/kg,不超过FAO/WHO关于霸螨灵在苹果中残留限量1mg/k  相似文献   

8.
土壤中残留对硫磷和甲基对硫磷的高效液相色谱分析   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
乔雄梧  朱九生 《环境化学》1995,14(3):255-257
本文介绍一种简介、快速的前处理和反相高效液相色谱法对土壤样品中残留的对硫磷和甲基对硫磷进行定量分析,样品添加回收率分别为82%和86%,最小检测浓度为0.1mg.kg^-1。  相似文献   

9.
蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的发光菌快速检测   总被引:35,自引:1,他引:35  
本文建立了一种用发光细菌快速检测蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的方法,以3%NaCl(W/V)溶液从蔬菜中洗涤出残留的农药,加入定量发光菌溶液,通过其发光量的变化来检测农药的含量。分析了发光菌对蔬菜中六种有机磷农药的响应情况,探讨了检测空心菜中甲胺磷农药残留的最佳参数,实验表明,新建立的方法是检测蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的一种快速有效,价廉的方法。  相似文献   

10.
海藻多糖稀土配合物对蔬菜有机磷农药残留的降解作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以小白菜、甘蓝、芹菜为试验材料,采用大田试验研究了海藻多糖稀土配合物对蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的影响.试验结果表明,叶面喷施海藻多糖稀土配合物对小白菜、甘蓝、芹菜中毒死蜱、氧化乐果、敌敌畏等有机磷农药残留具有明显的降解作用;对甘蓝中毒死蜱和氧化乐果的降解效果优于小白菜,但对芹菜中毒死蜱的降解效果远不及甘蓝和小白菜,表现出一定的作物选择性.叶面喷施海藻多糖稀土配合物对敌敌畏等磷酸酯类有机磷农药的降解作用比毒死蜱、氧化乐果等硫代磷酸酯类有机磷农药的降解强烈,表现出一定的农药选择性;另外,喷水对叶片表面残存农药具有一定的冲洗作用,可减少叶面农药的残留量;叶面喷施海藻多糖稀土配合物对甘蓝和小白菜中有机磷农药的降解率远高于叶面喷水.以上结果表明海藻多糖稀土配合物确实具有降解有机磷农药残留的作用.在蔬菜生产中将海藻多糖稀土配合物作为农药残留降解制剂是可行的,有利于蔬菜安全生产和提高蔬菜产品的食用安全性。  相似文献   

11.
广州市菜园土主要蔬菜重金属背景含量的研究   总被引:21,自引:2,他引:21  
研究了广州市几个主要的蔬菜生产基地种植的白菜、芥蓝、芥菜、菜薹、萝卜、大白菜、豆瓣菜、结球甘蓝、芹菜、菜豆、豌豆、结球莴苣、尖叶莴苣、菠菜、番茄等15种蔬菜中Pb、Hg、Cd、Cr和As等5种重金属的背景质量分数。其背景质量分数为:Pb 0.002~0.148mg/kg;Hg ND-0.006mg/kg;Cd 0.001~0.034mg/kg;Cr 0.002~0.150mg/kg;As 0.001~0.070mg/kg。由于不同种类蔬菜的吸收特性和遗传特性有所不同,其重金属背景质量分数也有很大差异。蔬菜中元素水平还与土壤条件等因素有关。  相似文献   

12.
Herbicides applied to vegetables play an important role in higher production of vegetables due to effective and timely control of weeds but at the same time herbicides residue may produce numerous environmental problems. The aim of this study was to determine whether application of herbicide for control of annual weeds in vegetable growing areas at recommended levels resulted in residues at the time of harvest. Thus, terminal residues of pendimethalin in vegetables such as tomato, cauliflower, and radishes were studies under field conditions. Pendimethalin was applied as pre-emergence herbicides at 1 kg a.i. ha?1 to tomato, cauliflower, and radish crops. Soil and vegetables samples were collected from pendimethalin-treated plots at maturity to determine harvest time residues of pendimethalin. At harvest, 0.008, 0.001, and 0.014 μg/g residues of pendimethalin were found in tomato, cauliflower, and radishes, respectively.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

A large number of pesticides used in agricultural practice has been characterized or suspected to be Endocrine Disruptors, with dietary intake to be the major route of consumer’s exposure. In the present study the safety to consumer after the consumption of pome fruits and fruiting vegetables originated from the area of Thessaly, Central Greece was assessed. Objective samplings of 110 samples were conducted in local retail markets in an effort to quantify potential residues of targeted pesticides, previously characterized as endocrine disruptors. For the determination of residues, a QuEChERs-based multiresidue method coupled with liquid and gas chromatographic systems was applied and fully validated in accordance with the European Unions’s requirements in apples and tomatoes in three fortification levels. Acceptable results were obtained for all the validation parameters studied and the limit of quantification of 0.01?mg/kg and limit of detection of 0.0033?mg/kg were achieved. Based on the determined results, the most frequently determined pesticide was chlorpyrifos with a maximum concentration of 0.32?mg/kg in tomato samples. Cypermethrin and dimethoate were also determined in tomatoes and aubergines. The EFSA PRIMo rev.3.1 model was applied for all positive samples and acute risk for consumers was confirmed only in the case of determination of chlorpyrifos in tomatoes.  相似文献   

14.
The aim of this work was to report on imidacloprid [IUPAC name 1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine] residues in some vegetables, fruits, and water samples collected from the West Bank, Palestine, in 1998 and 1999. Imidacloprid and its derivatives in the study samples were extracted by methanol/water and oxidized into 6-chloronicotinic acid and subsequently derivatized into 6-chloronicotinic acid trimethylsilyl ester before being determined by GC/MS. Imidacloprid residues were detected in more than half of the analyzed samples. The highest and lowest imidacloprid concentrations were found in eggplant (0.46 mg/kg) and green beans (0.08 mg/kg), respectively. An increase of 11–120% in imidacloprid concentration in the 1999 samples was observed when compared with those of 1998. This may suggest imidacloprid accumulation in the soil and/or increased use by local farmers. The imidacloprid residue concentrations in several crops were found to exceed the CODEX maximum residue limit.  相似文献   

15.
A simple, rapid analytical procedure for the quantification of emamectin benzoate in tomato was developed using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). Emamectin benzoate residues were extracted from tomato samples with n-hexane:ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v). The method involved derivatization using trifluoroacetic anhydride and 1-methylimidazole, prior to analysis by HPLC-FLD. Limit of quantification of this method was found to be 0.01 mg/kg, while limit of detection was 0.005 mg/kg. The dissipation of emamectin benzoate on tomato was studied, and half-life (t1/2) was estimated in a field study carried out at three different locations. Emamectin benzoate was sprayed on tomato at recommended dosage. Samples of tomato were collected at 0, 1, 3, 7, 10, and 15 days after treatment. The t1/2 of emamectin benzoate when applied at the recommended doses in tomato was approximately 2.5 days. The residue of emamectin benzoate reached below the maximal residue limit (MRL) 10 days after spraying at the tested dosage. Hence, a safe pre-harvest interval of 10 days is suggested before harvesting of tomato. This study would also be helpful for the Egypt government to establish the MRL of emamectin benzoate in tomatoes and provide guidance on the proper and safe use of this insecticide.  相似文献   

16.
多效唑在番茄和土壤中的残留与降解动态研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究了多效唑(paclobutrazol)在番茄(Lycopersicon eseulentum)和土壤中的残留分析方法及残留动态。建立番茄和土壤样品中多效唑残留的固相萃取-高效液相色谱(SPE-HPLC)检测方法,样品用乙腈提取,再用φ(甲醇-二氯甲烷)=5∶95混合溶剂经LC-NH2固相萃取柱净化,以φ(乙腈-水)=55∶45作流动相,Shiseido C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)于222 nm波长检测,外标法定量。在0.1~5.0 mg·L-1范围内,多效唑峰面积与其质量浓度之间呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.9995。采用田间试验方法,在番茄幼苗期施用不同多效唑质量分数50、100、200、600 mg·kg-1,研究在不同处理时间1、6 h,1、2、3、7、14、21、30、45、60 d,多效唑在番茄以及土壤中的残留动态变化。添加质量分数水平为0.05、0.1、0.5 mg·kg-1时,多效唑在果实、植株和土壤中的添加回收率分别为92.45%~103.70%、94.52%~98.85%和94.30%~102.10%,变异系数分别为3.69%~5.00%、1.58%~4.53%和1.28%~3.35%。结果表明:多效唑在番茄植株和土壤中的降解规律均符合一级动力学方程C=Coe-kt。当施用质量分数为600 mg·kg-1时,其在番茄植株中的残留半衰期为1.66 d,在土壤中的半衰期为2.78 d;在植株中的降解速率大于在土壤中的降解速率。按照推荐使用的施用浓度,采收时多效唑在番茄和土壤中无残留,证明推荐施用浓度是合理的。  相似文献   

17.
Considerable quantities of organochlorine insecticides are still used worldwide and their persistent residues are widely distributed throughout the environment. Various researchers from different parts of India and abroad have highlighted the extent of pollution caused by these insecticides. In view of the above facts the present study was conducted during 1993-1996 to investigate the magnitude of contamination of organochlorine insecticides in vegetables which were brought for sale to the consumers in the local markets of Jaipur city, Rajasthan, India. Samples of vegetables (potato, tomato, cabbage, cauliflower, spinach and okra) were collected at beginning, middle and end of the seasons with respect to different vegetables and organochlorine levels were assessed using Gas Liquid Chromatograph (GLC) equipped with Electron Capture Detector (ECD). Most of the collected samples were found to be contaminated with residues of DDT and its metabolites (DDD, DDE) isomers of HCH (alpha,beta and gamma-HCH), heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide and aldrin. Some of the detected insecticides exceeded the limit of tolerance prescribed by WHO/FAO.  相似文献   

18.
云南部分蔬菜中氟积累特征及其成因初步分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
何锋  段昌群  侯永平 《生态环境》2004,13(3):327-329
对云南蔬菜产区部分蔬菜进行了分析,发现氟残留量普遍超过了1 mg/kg。在所检测的蔬菜中,菠菜的水溶性氟平均含量最高,为13.18 mg/kg。就叶菜类不同组织器官来看,氟的分布是:叶中的氟残留量>根中的氟残留量>茎中的氟残留量(以干质量计算);就不同叶位来看,从老叶到幼叶氟残留量有逐渐下降的趋势。结合蔬菜产地的土壤分析结果,认为蔬菜中氟残留量不仅与土壤氟含量有关,而且还可能与施肥状况、蔬菜类别有关。文章还提出了减少蔬菜中氟残留量的对策。  相似文献   

19.
四环素类抗生素(TCs)是目前我国应用广泛、用量最大的一类抗生素,畜禽粪便和土壤中存在TCs残留,影响蔬菜作物的生长发育. TCs因水溶性较高更容易被植物转运和积累,植物对TCs耐受性机理研究仍不足.为更全面探究土壤TCs对蔬菜的毒性作用,研究不同浓度四环素(TC)和土霉素(OTC)分别对生菜的抗生素残留、生长特征及抗氧化酶系统的影响.结果显示,在0(对照)、2、10、50、250 mg/kg 5个施用水平下,生菜叶片抗生素含量逐渐增加,且土霉素含量始终大于四环素含量.与对照相比,抗生素浓度在50 mg/kg以上时对生菜生长具有显著抑制作用,其中,株高、根长、地上部和地下部鲜重与叶片TC残留量具显著负相关.生菜叶片的脯氨酸含量随浓度增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,在10 mg/kg时达到最大.并且低浓度(2 mg/kg)促进抗氧化酶基因SOD、POD21和CAT的表达,高浓度抗生素(50、250 mg/kg)对其产生抑制作用,10 mg/kg的抗生素处理对SOD、POD21和CAT基因表达的影响在抗生素种类上存在差异.本研究表明抗生素浓度超过50 mg/kg对生菜生长产生抑制作用,脯氨酸和抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT的转录水平及其酶活性能快速响应抗生素胁迫,可作为生菜对抗生素抗性的辅助评价指标.(图8表3参19)  相似文献   

20.
Arsenic contamination in groundwater is becoming more and more a worldwide problem. Nearing 50 million of people are at health risk from arsenic contamination at Ganga–Meghna–Bramhaputra basin. The experimental results of the five blocks under Malda district of West Bengal, India, showed that the arsenic concentration in groundwater (0.41–1.01 mg/l) was higher than the permissible limit for drinking water (0.01 mg/l) (WHO) and FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) permissible limit for irrigation water (0.10 mg/l). The soil arsenic level (13.12 mg/kg) crossed the global average (10.0 mg/kg), but within the maximum acceptable limit for agricultural soil (20.0 mg/kg) recommended by the European Union. The total arsenic concentration on food crops varied from 0.000 to 1.464 mg/kg of dry weight. The highest mean arsenic concentration was found in potato (0.456 mg/kg), followed by rice grain (0.429 mg/kg). The total mean arsenic content (milligrams per kg dry weight) in cereals ranged from 0.121 to 0.429 mg/kg, in pulses and oilseeds ranged from 0.076 to 0.168 mg/kg, in tuber crops ranged from 0.243 to 0.456 mg/kg, in spices ranged from 0.031 to 0.175 mg/kg, in fruits ranged from 0.021 to 0.145 mg/kg and in vegetables ranged from 0.032 to 0.411 mg/kg, respectively. Hence, arsenic accumulation in cereals, pulses, oilseed, vegetables, spices, cole crop and fruits crop might not be safe in future without any sustainable mitigation strategies to avert the potential arsenic toxicity on the human health in the contaminated areas.  相似文献   

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