苏锡常地区地下水资源开发利用与环境保护

分析了江苏省苏锡常地区的地下水资源的开发利用现状，以及因地下水长期超量集中开采导致的资源破坏和生态环境问题，提出了该区地下水资源合理开发利用和环境保护的对策。     

苏锡常地区地下水资源开发利用与环境保护

分析了江苏省苏锡常地区地下水资源的开发利用现状，以及因地下水长期超量集中开采导致的资源破坏和生态环境问题，提出该区地下水资源合理开发利用和环境保护的对策。     

太湖流域湖泊滩地资源及其开发利用

在调查和分析太湖流域湖泊滩地资源特征和开发利用状况的基础上，着重探讨了滩地围垦对流域生态环境的影响，并提出今后开发利用滩地资源的方向和对策。     

应用系统动力学原理制定小流域经济建设决策

本文应用系统动力学原理，就太平沟小流域资源的开发利用进行了系统分析，绘制了ＳＤ模型流程图，编制了ＳＤ模型程序，经微机模拟仿真，确定了“综合型”发展为该流域资源开发利用方向，为该类型区小而域经济建设及两高一优农业发展提供了科学依据和方法。     

地热开发利用的环境质量评价

针对地热能资源的特点，结合实验调查与研究结果，探讨了地热开发利用过程对环境可能造成的影响，主要包括化学污染、热污染、地面沉降以及其它社会和经济等问题。本文探讨了地热环境质量评价的方法与程序，指出环境质量评介在地热开发利用中的重要性。     

加强管理，优化水资源配置—青海省农业可持续发展的必然选择

分析了青海省水资源开发利用的现状及存在的问题，从寻求配置，节约，保护等方面提出了对策。     

仙人掌系列饮品的加工技术

探讨了仙人掌浆汁的制备工艺，研制开发了仙人掌银耳汤、仙人掌蛋白露、仙人掌枣汁等一系列口味纯正，营养丰富的天然保健饮料，为仙人掌的开发利用提供了新途径．     

我国农村作物秸秆资源化调查研究

本文分析了全国秸杆资源化现状和存在问题，探讨秸秆的利用途径和开发价值，对合理开发利用全国的秸秆资源提出了初步建议。     

向海自然保护区湿地资源环境问题及对策分析

从可持续角度入手，剖析了向海自然保护区湿地资源现状及存在的主要问题，并在此基础上提出了保护及可持续开发利用湿地资源的对策和措施。     

南天竹种质资源及利用

南天竹资源丰富,分布广泛,适应性强,是一种具有观赏、生态、药用等多种价值的树种,具有良好的开发利用前景。为了促进我国南天竹资源的开发利用,对其物种及主要品种类型,生物学特性及开发利用价值作了详细介绍,并提出了在开发利用中应注意的问题.参21.     

江苏盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区资源开发的阈值管理

通过分析主要保护对象丹顶鹤的越冬需求和资源开发活动对丹顶鹤及其生境的干扰,提出了针对保护区资源开发的阈值管理技术.设置允许适度开发、限制开发和禁止开发3种准入类型;准入区域限定在实验区内,面积应小于保护区总面积的1/10,且不大于实验区面积的1/3;准入时间上,根据丹顶鹤的越冬需求,确定每年9月末至次年2月末为限制利用期,3月初至次年9月末为适度利用期;停止新的滩涂围垦和风力发电项目建设,大力发展生态旅游.     

对“禁止开发区”规划和管理的几点思考

通过对禁止开发区面临困境和问题的分析探讨,确定了禁止开发区的涵盖范围,并在土地管理、资源保护、财政投资和建设管护等方面提出了相关政策建议,以期为该区的有效管理提供依据。     

乌鲁木齐土地环境容载力研究

土地环境容载力包括土地环境区划、土地环境人口容量和土地环境城市建设承载力。在分析乌鲁木齐市土地环境现状的基础上，计算了土地环境容载力。     

论煤矿城市塌陷区和露天采矿区的生态重建战略问题

本文对上述不同地区煤矿塌陷区和露天采矿区的生态重建战略问题分别进行了论述。     

An economic analysis of sardine fishing in the Gulf of Valencia (Spain)

The optimal management of a particular fishery is illustrated. Using data describing previous fishery exploitation, relevant biological and economic relationships are estimated, then the optimum levels of catches, effort, and stock are calculated. The prices that, if implemented, would ensure the current efficient exploitation of the fishery are also calculated. Finally, the welfare gains that can be achieved by a movement from the freemarket equilibrium to the socially optimum solution are demonstrated.     

Modeling the population dynamics of capybara Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris: a first step towards a management plan

Capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) is the largest living rodent, widely distributed in South America, with a considerable potential as an economic resource. There are large populations in the region of Esteros del Ibera that could be exploited in a sustainable manner and contribute positively to the development of the region. Such exploitation requires to be done responsibly and following a specially designed management plan. In the particular case of wildlife management, a sustainable exploitation of a given species requires knowledge of its dynamics, its density in the area, and its vital rates, as well as understanding how the natural environment will respond to the proposed manipulation. It is also important to determine which environmental variables lead the population dynamics in each region. A mathematical model is a very convenient tool for analyzing possible strategies.This work presents a matrix population model structured in five stages. Sensitivity and elasticity analyses of the model provide an understanding of the effects of differentiated class-dependent survival and growth probabilities on the life cycle. A harvest term has been included in the model with the purpose of evaluating the sustainability of a given exploitation scenario or comparing different harvest strategies. The different strategies depend on the exploitation pattern, the exploitation intensity, and the season in which the harvest takes place.The purpose is to formulate a simple tool that can be understood by a manager without specific training. Hence, the software interface was specially designed for a user with elementary knowledge of vital parameters of the species.     

The optimal tax for maximum economic yield: Fishery regulation under rational expectations

This paper examines the optimal tax to achieve maximum economic yield (MEY) exploitation in a rational expectations model of a competitive open-access fishery. To analyze the dynamic evolution of resource use a structural model which explains the relationship between the firm and the industry is presented. The unregulated equilibrium is contrasted with the potential MEY. Conditions under which the unregulated equilibrium will be MEY are explored. In addition, a tax is devised which will cause non-MEY competitive exploitation to become MEY when the tax is implemented.     

Chilean Blue Whales as a Case Study to Illustrate Methods to Estimate Abundance and Evaluate Conservation Status of Rare Species

Abstract: Often abundance of rare species cannot be estimated with conventional design‐based methods, so we illustrate with a population of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) a spatial model‐based method to estimate abundance. We analyzed data from line‐transect surveys of blue whales off the coast of Chile, where the population was hunted to low levels. Field protocols allowed deviation from planned track lines to collect identification photographs and tissue samples for genetic analyses, which resulted in an ad hoc sampling design with increased effort in areas of higher densities. Thus, we used spatial modeling methods to estimate abundance. Spatial models are increasingly being used to analyze data from surveys of marine, aquatic, and terrestrial species, but estimation of uncertainty from such models is often problematic. We developed a new, broadly applicable variance estimator that showed there were likely 303 whales (95% CI 176–625) in the study area. The survey did not span the whales' entire range, so this is a minimum estimate. We estimated current minimum abundance relative to pre‐exploitation abundance (i.e., status) with a population dynamics model that incorporated our minimum abundance estimate, likely population growth rates from a meta‐analysis of rates of increase in large baleen whales, and two alternative assumptions about historic catches. From this model, we estimated that the population was at a minimum of 9.5% (95% CI 4.9–18.0%) of pre‐exploitation levels in 1998 under one catch assumption and 7.2% (CI 3.7–13.7%) of pre‐exploitation levels under the other. Thus, although Chilean blue whales are probably still at a small fraction of pre‐exploitation abundance, even these minimum abundance estimates demonstrate that their status is better than that of Antarctic blue whales, which are still <1% of pre‐exploitation population size. We anticipate our methods will be broadly applicable in aquatic and terrestrial surveys for rarely encountered species, especially when the surveys are intended to maximize encounter rates and estimate abundance.     

太湖流域湖泊滩地资源及其开发利用

在调查和分析太湖流域湖泊滩地资源特征和开发利用状况的基础上,着重探讨了滩地围垦对流域生态环境的影响,并提出今后开发利用滩地资源的方向和对策。     

Strategic exploitation with learning and heterogeneous beliefs

We study the effect of learning with heterogeneous beliefs on the exploitation of a renewable common-pool resource. To that end, we extend the Great Fish War model of Levhari and Mirman (1980) to a learning environment in which several agents interact strategically and learn about the distribution of the stochastic evolution of the resource. We find that the effect of anticipation of learning with heterogeneous beliefs is twofold. First, the anticipation of learning makes future payoffs more uncertain, which induces the agents to decrease present exploitation due to the precautionary motive. Second, under heterogeneity of beliefs, there is a differential informational externality that induces the agents to increase or decrease present exploitation. We also perform a comparative analysis on the Cournot–Nash equilibrium with learning by studying the effect of optimism and riskiness on resource exploitation.