我国绿色饭店建设的现状与对策

创建绿色饭店已成为新世纪饭店业发展必然趋势.在我国,饭店的创绿活动已如火如荼的展开.本文从绿色饭店的概念入手,分析建设绿色饭店的意义,总结了我国绿色饭店建设的现状,提出了饭店实施绿色计划所面临的任务和对策.     

精炼铜行业的生命周期节能减排目标评价

按照生命周期评价方法,建立了精炼铜的生命周期模型,采用生命周期节能减排评价指标(ECER),对比评价了原生铜和再生铜生产的生命周期节能减排效果,计算了改变再生铜市场份额所能带来的节能减排削减幅度,并与精炼铜行业实现节能减排政策目标所需的综合削减幅度进行了对比.结果表明,再生铜比原生铜的ECER指标小62.5％,因此废铜的再生循环明显有利于节能减排政策目标的实现.但是,当再生铜市场份额由2010年的38.5％提升至《有色金属“十二五”发展规划》中要求的40％时,其综合削减幅度仅为13％,远未达到铜冶炼行业的目标综合削减幅度27.8％.因此,精炼铜行业不仅需要更大幅度地提高铜再生比例,同时还需要采用更多清洁技术和改进措施.本文方法可用于计算各种行业的节能减排目标综合削减幅度,从而帮助判断各种改进方案和措施是否足以达到节能减排宏观政策目标的要求.     

基于密切值法的节能减排评价研究

节能减排是我国应对资源紧缺、减轻环境压力、实现经济可持续发展的必然选择。关于节能减排考核体系的研究,目前多限于广泛的定性论述,定量研究成果尚不多见。为了实现节能减排这一根本目的,需要确立能反映环境、经济、社会发展协调程度的指标体系和评价方法,为我国的发展决策提供科学依据。在遵循构建原则和按照构建方法思路基础上,从资源、环境、管理和经济等4个控制层面构建节能减排的综合评价指标体系。密切值法是多目标决策的一种优选方法,作为一种新的尝试,利用该方法建立起节能减排评价模型。详细阐述了密切值法在节能减排评价中的原理、方法与步骤,并以我国2001—2008年的节能减排情况为例说明了模型的具体应用,评价结果较好地体现了我国节能减排的现状与不足,为今后节能减排工作提供了科学依据。实例应用表明,建立的评价指标体系是可行的和可操作的,该评价模型不需要确定各种主观参量或函数,评价结果客观、可靠,是开展节能减排综合评价的一种简单而有效的方法。     

访节能环保专家——杨勇

在国民经济与社会发展"十二五"规划的政策导向中,由始至终贯穿了节能减排的主旨,体现了节能减排工作的重要性.近日,天津市环境保护科学研究院杨勇副总工程师就"如何理解节能减排"、"碳减排的重要性"及天津市环科院近期在低碳发展领域的重点工作和研究方向等内容接受了本刊编辑部的专访,谈了自己的看法: 问:如何理解节能减排,二者之...     

中国工业烟尘排放状况研究

烟尘是工业最主要的污染气体排放之一,它不仅威胁人体健康,还严重破坏区域环境。为了研究分析2001—2009年中国工业烟尘排放的发展趋势及其影响因素,并有针对性地提出工业烟尘减排的建议与对策,文章首先根据中国工业的经济与环境数据,描述分析了2001—2009年工业烟尘排放的发展趋势,再利用对数平均迪氏指数法（LMDI）将工业烟尘排放的影响因素分解为规模效应、结构效应、技术效应和治理效应4个子因素。通过对比分析各子因素的影响程度和发展变化情况,得出规模效应是工业烟尘排放的重要来源,技术效应和治理效应是工业烟尘减排的主要动力,而结构效应是未来烟尘减排的重要方向等结论。文章根据各工业子行业的烟尘产生与排放量,建议将化工及金属行业,水热电气供应业作为目前工业烟尘减排中的重点行业,这两个行业的烟尘产生量与排放量之和均达到工业烟尘产生量与排放量的80%以上。通过对比各影响因素对各工业子行业的影响程度,指出各子行业烟尘减排的主要方向与存在的障碍。     

英国污染减排的经验与启示

论述了英国实现污染物减排环境治理方面的成功经验和做法,其主要有健全完善的法规政策体系,强化运用环境经济手段,建立节能减排的长效机制,建立科学、成熟的战略环评体系(SEA),用最佳可行技术(BAT)防止和减少污染排放,注重公众参与促进全民减排。依据英国实现污染物减排环境治理方面的成功经验和做法,结合目前我国污染物减排工作的实际,对我国污染物减排工作提出了相应的对策与建议。     

“十一五”我国主要工业行业SO2和COD技术减排的效应分析

在分析＂十一五＂期间SO2和COD减排情况的基础上,通过构建体现分行业污染减排的环境效应分解模型,对各主要行业不同减排途径带来的污染技术减排效应进行测算,得到了各行业不同减排途径产生的技术减排效应值以及各行业污染技术减排的贡献度。测算结果显示,＂十一五＂期间火电、钢铁和水泥行业的SO2技术减排效应分别为2080万t、180万t、318万t,其中烟气脱硫工程在工业SO2污染减排中担负了主要贡献作用,贡献率为50.46%,造纸业、化学原料及制品行业、农副食品加工业的COD技术减排效应分别为309万t、103万t、135万t,最终给出了我国主要工业部门的SO2和COD技术减排效应对总减排效应的贡献度,分别为66.05%、51.10%,表明技术减排是＂十一五＂期间顺利实现污染减排的重要保证。     

天津节能减排、低碳发展战略思考

目前天津在节能减排、低碳发展方面取得了一定成效,但仍面临着巨大的压力。其主要原因：经济发展对能源消耗的依赖程度较高,能源消费对高碳能源的依赖程度过高,经济发展对高碳产业的依赖程度过高。因此,天津节能减排、低碳发展的战略目标应指向＂脱钩＂,即经济发展逐渐降低对能源消耗的依赖程度;战略核心在于能源消费要从源头上逐渐摆脱对高碳能源的过度依赖,经济发展要逐步摆脱对高碳产业和产业结构的过度依赖。     

海峡两岸碳汇农业研究与交易平台建设的思考与对策——以闽台农业碳汇交易中心规划研究为例

在全球气候变化的大背景下,发展低碳经济已经成为全球性共识;同时作为发展低碳经济前沿领域的碳交易市场也得以迅速发展。本文简要综述了我国农业碳汇交易研究和碳交易市场发展的现状及其存在的问题,分析了在福建建立海峡两岸农业碳汇交易平台的政策机遇和区域优势,提出了构建闽台农业碳汇交易中心的规划设想,并结合规划设想提出了要加强碳汇农业理论与节能减排技术、低碳农业发展规划与综合评估体系、农业碳汇交易机制、监测及其认证体系等农业碳汇研究的方向与建议。     

节能环保技术服务桥梁——天津节能环保技市超市介绍

“史一五”以来,随着总量控制、节能减排、环境综合整治等各项工作的全面开展和深入推进,社会节能环保服务需求逐渐增多,为节能环保服务业提供了广阔的发展空问。但是长期以来,服务信息不对称,交易成本高。一方而拥有先进技术的研发企业找不到市场,另一方面具有急切治理需求的排污企业找不对技术。     

Assessing carbon footprint in the life cycle of accommodation services: the case of an international tourist hotel

The accommodation sector is the most demanding energy consumer among all building stock categories. This study quantifies an international tourist hotel in Taiwan to holistically estimate the greenhouse gas emissions of hotel accommodation services through a complete life cycle inventory. The study also investigates the difference between the carbon emissions of the baseline and reduction years to understand the effects of carbon emission reduction on the hotel industry. Results show that energy consumption is the main source of carbon footprint. However, the carbon emissions of other activities, such as the production and transportation of hotel amenities and laundry services, are 15.90% for the baseline year and 16.03% for the reduction year. These values are larger than the 5% cutoff rule according to PAS 2050. Thus, these factors should also be considered in assessing the carbon emissions of accommodation services. Hotel occupancy rate significantly affects carbon emissions during a one-night stay in a standard room as the functional unit. The selection of the functional unit should be considered in the hotel strategy. Although this case study involves an international tourist hotel in Taiwan, the findings and recommendations for improvements can be applied elsewhere.     

The greener,the more cost efficient? An empirical study of international tourist hotels in Taiwan

Going ‘green’ is more than a mere fad in the hotel industry, and environment-friendly green hotels are becoming popular. The purpose of this study was to conduct an investigation into the link between ‘green’ and cost efficiency in the hotel industry. Empirical evidence supporting this investigation was gathered from the Taiwan hotel industry. Data were gathered from 68 international tourist hotels in Taiwan. Moreover, our finding differs from most of the earlier studies and indicates that ‘green’ is negatively and significantly associated with the cost efficiency of a hotel. In other words, ‘green’ renders a hotel ineffective. The implications of the findings have been discussed, and the limitations of the study as well as future research directions have been addressed.     

SERVQUAL在饭店外包项目服务质量测量中的应用——以某接待宾馆餐厅为例

饭店通过服务项目外包实现控制成本（reducecosts）,降低经营风险,加速企业专业化进程的目的．在外包模式给饭店企业带来种种利益的同时,越来越多的服务质量问题浮出水面,如何对外包项目服务质量加以控制,保障饭店服务质量的统一性已成为行业内普遍关注的问题．通过以某接待宾馆餐厅为例,应用SERVQUAL从顾客满意度角度对外包项目服务质量进行了测量,具体论述了饭店如何对外包项目的服务质量进行测量和管理,以期为外包项目服务质量控制提供有价值的方法．图2,表2,参5．     

国林大酒店CI形象策划研究--MI策划部分

一家酒店发展前景与这家酒店现状息息相关，酒店发展需在现实基础上扬长避短，也就需要对现状因素进行整合，使之形成推动酒店发展的合力．于是首先对国林大酒店现状进行即时调查，并进行SWOT分析，在此基础上进行了酒店MI设计．     

滨海城市不同粒径大气颗粒物中水溶性离子的分布特征

选取东南滨海城市厦门的城区（厦门大学,仙岳小区）、郊区（集美大学城）、工业区（鹭联宾馆）和背景区（汀溪水库）5个站点为研究对象,于2008年10月至2009年9月对厦门市大气PM2.5、PM2.5-10和PM10-100分4个季节进行了采集工作,用离子色谱对其中的水溶性离子进行测定。研究结果表明,厦门市不同粒径颗粒物中水溶性离子具有明显的时空分布特征,且主要以富集在细颗粒物（PM2.5）上为主。SO42-、NO3-和NH4＋是PM2.5中主要的水溶性离子,占PM2.5中水溶性离子总质量浓度的64.59%～93.17%。PM2.5-10和PM10-100的水溶性离子则以Na＋、C1-和Ca2＋这些粒径较大的颗粒为主。滨海城市厦门PM2.5、PM10和TSP的SO2转化率（SOR）和NO2的转化率（NOR）年平均值分别为：0.35、0.39、0.41和0.04、0.08、0.09,较高的SOR和相对较低的NOR比值均说明厦门存在来自于SO2和NO2转化的二次污染物SO42-和NO3-。     

构筑可持续发展的循环型社会体系

可持续发展社会的形成并不仅指单纯的物质循环,而是用生态学原理来调和社会和经济的发展,使社会·经济·环境都达成持续的生态平衡。通过论述日本循环型社会形成基本法等相关法律体系,分析了面向循环型经济社会建设的产业体系的发展方向,通过区域性循环社会的实践阐述了从循环型经济社会向可持续发展社会转变的重要意义。     

Sustainable development and tourism destination management: A case study of the Lillehammer region,Norway

This paper reviews some of the literature and guidance provided for businesses considering responses to the environmental aspects and impacts of their tourist activities. It concentrates on the role of destinations and stakeholders within the destination cooperating and networking to improve environmental performance and on generating a ‘green’ image. In order to move towards a type of tourism consistent with sustainable development (sustainable tourism), it is argued that we need to see enhanced management of a destination, creating opportunities for networking and cooperation between, in particular, service providers. In a case study of Lillehammer, Norway, three projects negotiated, developed and delivered by service providers in the area are examined. These projects looked at hotel management, transport and aesthetics. Success factors are identified, including the involvement of stakeholders, the development of locally orientated codes of conduct, the role and participation of local authorities and the importance of leadership. Findings add to the body of practical help in moving destinations towards sustainable tourism.     

The Potential of Geothermal Systems in Kenya for Balneological Use

Curative properties of geothermal waters are highly valued in several countries around the world, including China, Iceland, and middle and Eastern European states. Natural hotsprings and fumaroles found in various parts of Kenya have been utilised by the local residents for worship and offering of sacrifices, particularly when afflicted with ailments that were difficult to cure. At the Lake Bogoria Hotel, natural hot water is directed towards a swimming pool, in which hotel guests like to bathe. The major element chemistry of some of the geothermal waters in Kenya is similar to that of waters used at established balneological sites in other parts of the world. Trace element concentrations are less well known. More research is required to understand the factors that impart curative qualities to geothermal waters. Kenya has been developing its geothermal systems for electricity generation, but should also evaluate the different sites for balneological applications.     

Spatial dynamics of Mediterranean coastal regions

During recent decades the northern shores of the Mediterranean have experienced a rapid transformation; mainly due to touristic development. At present, more than 25% of the worldÕs hotel accommodation is found in the Mediterranean. This paper presents some figures illustrating the related growth of different sectors of coastal economy, such as housing, tourism, industry and traffic. A better control of these developments is urgently needed. To this end a spatial planning policy should be elaborated which fully incorporates environmental issues. The concept of integrated coastal (zone) management has only recently been introduced in regional and national policies. A classification of spatial dynamics including settlement-environment relationships can stimulate the implementation of integrated planning policies in the coastal belt of the Mediterranean region.