絮凝剂PAN-DCD与甲基橙相互作用中的热力学研究

用平衡渗析法研究了有机高分子絮凝剂ＰＡＮ－ＤＣＤ与甲基橙（ＭＯ）在２０，２５，３０，３５℃下相互作用的热力学，求得结合常数Ｋ和热力学参数△Ｇ，△Ｈ，△Ｓ，在对不同絮凝剂结构进行表征的基础上，探讨了不同ＰＡＮ，ＤＣＤ配比对合成的絮凝剂与ＭＯ相互作用的影响，结果表明：ＰＡＮ－ＤＣＤ与ＭＯ的相互作用中能量作用是主要的：随ＰＡＮ与ＤＣＤ的比值增大，合成的絮凝剂ＰＤ１，ＰＤ２，ＰＤ３在常温下与ＭＯ的结合程试     

进水PCP和CODCr质量浓度对厌氧反应器运行效能的影响

应用以氯酚驯化污泥接上流式厌氧消化反应器（ＵＡＤ）连续处理含五氯酚（ＰＣＰ）废水的试验结果表明，在一定的水力负荷下，试验反应器可稳定地处理ρ（ＣＯＤＣｒ）１２５０－１０００ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１和ρ（ＰＣＲ）≤１８０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１的有毒有机废水，ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率大于９０％，ＰＣＰ去除率大于９９．５％，出水ρ（ＰＣＰ）小于０．５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１，维持试验反应器正常运行所必需的最低进水ρ（ＰＣＰ）有关，且进水ρ     

有机污染物生物降解途径控制反应的预测与优势菌选择模型的建立

本文把有机污染物生物降解途径的理论测和量化剖析相结合确定生物降解途径中的控制反应,给出控制反ＱＳＢＲ的概念模式。在此基础上上建立了Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐ．典型生物降解途径以应的ＱＳＢＲ模型,利用建立的模型指导１,２－１,４－二氯苯和１,２,４－三氯苯生物处理优势菌的选择。     

絮凝剂PAN-DCD的结构和性质研究

以聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）和双腈双胺（ＤＣＤ）为原料,合成了有机絮凝剂ＰＡＮ－ＤＣＤ。用ＩＲ、１ＨＮＭＲ和１３ＣＮＭＲ等方法对其结构进行了表征,探讨了ＰＡＮ－ＤＣＤ溶解度随ｐＨ值变化的规律,研究了ＰＡＮ－ＤＣＤ对活性染料的絮凝脱色和去除ＣＯＤＣｒ的性能。结果表明,ＰＡＮ－ＤＣＤ是侧链带有多种极性基团的聚合物;在酸性条件下溶解度较小,碱性条件下溶解度较大;在加入量较少的情况下使活性染料的脱色率接近１００％,并对ＣＯＤＣｒ的去除有较大贡献。     

有机污染物生物降解途径的理论预测

本文报道了一个可用于有的生物降解途径理论预测的软件包，应用ＣＮ－ＤＯ／２方法计算分子的结构参数，经过解析结构参数给出有机污染理论上可能遵循的生物降解途径。     

藻类与有机污染物间的相互作用研究

本文就若干有机污染物对藻类的毒性效应及藻类对这些污染物的富集降解作用进行了系列研究。结果表明，不同污染物对藻类的毒性有很大差别，其中三有机锡的毒性最大。此外，不同藻类对毒物具有不同的敏感性，其中扁藻Platymonas sp.和斜生栅藻S．obliquus最敏感。藻类通过生物富集和生物降解两种途径去除水中污染物，其中，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯最容易被去除。藻类固定化能够在一定程度上增加藻类对污染物的降解。     

多聚磷酸盐的离子色谱法分析研究

本文以美国ＤＩＯＮＥＸ公司Ｏｍｎｉ Ｐａｃ ＰＡＸ－１００为分离柱，氢氧化钠为淋洗液，甲醇为有机改进剂，梯度淋洗分离多聚磷酸盐（正磷酸盐ＰＯ＾３－４，焦磷酸盐Ｐ２Ｏ＾４－７，三聚磷酸盐Ｐ３Ｏ＾５－１０）。研究了分离机理和流动相的选择、色谱条件的最佳化、降低基线噪音的方法和多聚磷酸盐的稳定性。建立了同时测定ｐｐｂ级（μｇ／ｌ）多聚磷酸盐的离子色谱新方法。对样品的测定结果回收率均在９７．４９％—１０６     

大气环境中有机污染物的研究

本文采用聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫和玻璃纤维滤膜，同时采集大气中气态和颗粒物样，用高效液相色谱和气相色谱分别测定了蒽、、、芘、苯并（ａ）、二苯并（ａ、ｈ）葱、苯并（ｇｈｉ）与Ｃ＿（１６）～Ｃ＿（３３）正构烷烃等有机污染物的含量。并得到了冬夏两季颗粒物和气态中有机污染物的分布规律。     

厌氧发酵技术在有机垃圾处理方面的应用

根据有机垃圾（可生物降解）的特点及厌氧发酵工艺过程，论述了厌氧发酵技术在有机垃圾处理方面的实际应用价值，说明运用厌氧发酵技术处理有机垃圾是实现固体废弃物资源化、减量化、无害化的新趋势。     

化学质量平衡受体模型新技术的应用──TEDA大气颗粒物来源解析实例

本文结合实例介绍了大气颗粒物来源解析最常用的模型－化学质量平衡（ＣＭＢ）的原理、有效方差最小二乘解法及诊断检验技术，并用ＭＰＩＮ矩阵检验了拟合元素对拟合源的灵敏度，奇异值分解法（ＳＶＤ）鉴别了共线源，得出天津市经济技术开发区（ＴＥＤＡ）的ＴＳＰ主要来源为风沙、扬尘，其次为燃煤飞灰和木灰。     

几种环境激素酞酸酯的光催化降解研究

在紫外光照射下,以TiO2为催化剂,研究邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCHP)和邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)水溶液的光催化降解规律,不同结构特征的酞酸酯在降解过程中pH值均表现为先升高,再降低的趋势.降解为表观一级反应.采用色质联用技术(GC-MS)分别对上述物质降解过程中生成的中间体进行分析,提出了可能的降解机理.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的酶促降解性的研究

测定了Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ ＦＳ１的邻苯二甲酸酯降解酶对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的降解特性；提出了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯酶促降解的途径，Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ ＦＳ１细胞中的颗粒部分、溶液部分对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯都具有降解作用，Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ ＦＳ１的邻苯二甲酸酯降解酶尾胞内酶；Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ ＦＳ１     

行道树悬铃木叶片中邻苯二甲酸酯的研究

采集上海市杨浦区部分交通道路两侧行道树悬铃木叶片样品,对邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的分布特征进行分析.结果表明,叶片组织和表面附着物中均含有邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP);叶片组织易于吸收主要以气相存在于大气中的DBP,质量面积比范围高于表面附着物8倍以上;而主要存在于大气悬浮颗粒中的DEHP在叶片表面附着物中的质量面积比高于DBP.行道树悬铃木叶片中的PAEs质量面积比与机动车流量有一定的相关性.     

水体中悬浮颗粒物对酞酸酯的吸附和解吸特性

选择水体中的悬浮颗粒物(SPM)--沉积颗粒物和浮游植物颗粒(铜绿微囊藻和普通小球藻),研究它们对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)的吸附和解吸行为.结果表明,SPM对DBP 和DEHP的吸附在很短的时间内即可达到平衡,沉积颗粒物约为2h,浮游植物颗粒约为0.5h;SPM对DEHP的吸附能力明显大于DBP;不同SPM对同一种化合物的吸附能力差异较大,这与颗粒物中有机质的类型和结构有关;在实验浓度范围内,SPM对DBP和DEHP的吸附和解吸等温线具有较好的线性关系,解吸过程存在明显的迟滞现象,且沉积颗粒物比浮游植物颗粒物具有明显的迟滞效应,DBP比DEHP具有较大程度的迟滞效应.     

Distribution and sources of phthalate esters in the topsoils of Beijing,China

Phthalate esters in the topsoil samples collected from Beijing were determined by derivatization and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques. The results showed that diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate ester (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate ester (DBP), dibutyl (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) were found in the topsoils. The total concentrations of the five phthalate esters varied from 2.30 to 24.71 μg g^?1. According to phthalate esters (PAEs) control standards in soil of the USA, the standard exceeding rates of DMP, DBP, and DEHP were 100 %, 100 %, and 4.84 % in soils of Beijing, respectively. The rate of DBP exceeding soil remediation standard was 12.9 %. Overall, concentrations of PAEs in Beijing were at a high level in China. The concentrations of DBP, DEHP, and DIBP were high, and the total concentrations of all the phthalate esters were higher in the areas with intensive human activities than in the other areas, which may be related to the use of phthalate compounds (such as the use of plastic products). The total and individual concentrations of phthalate compounds were relatively low in the areas that used plastic films compared with other samples due to the diffusion of atmospheric motion, categories, and amounts of plastic products and other factors. The greatest contributor may be the usage amount of plastic products in people’s daily lives.     

基于风险的Football组合法在筛选农用地优先控制酞酸酯类污染物的应用

为探索建立农用地优先管控酞酸酯类有毒有害化学物质的筛选方法,基于Football组合法开展了相关研究。结果表明,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)等5种酞酸酯类内源污染物潜在风险较高,将筛选结果与国内外管控化学物质名单进行比较分析,表明Football组合法可用于筛选农用地优先控制酞酸酯类有毒有害物质。     

Occurrence of estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals concern in sewage plant effluent

The purpose of this study was to give a worldwide overview of the concentrations of typical estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals （EDCs） in the effluent of sewage plants and then compare the concentra- tion distribution of the estrogenic EDCs in ten countries based on the survey data of the estrogenic EDCs research. The concentrations of three main categories （totally eight kinds） of estrogenic EDCs including steroidal estrogens （estrone （El）, estradiol （E2）, estriol （E3） and 17a- ethynylestradiol （EE2））, phenolic compounds （nonylphe- nol （NP） and bisphenol A （BPA）） and phthalate esters （dibutyl phthalate （DBP） and dibutyl phthalate （2- ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）） in the effluents of sewage plants reported in major international journals over the past decade were collected. The statistics showed that the concentration distributions of eight kinds of EDCs were in the range of ng·L^-1 to μg·L^-1. The concentrations of steroidal estrogens mainly ranged within 50.00 ng. L-1, and the median concentrations of El, E2, E3 and EE2 were 11.00, 3.68, 4.90 and 1.00 ng·L^-1, respectively. Phenolic compounds and phthalate esters were found at pg. L-1 level （some individual values were at the high level of 40.00 μg·L^-1）. The median concentrations of BPA, NP, DBP and DEHP were 0.06, 0.55, 0.07 and 0.88 μg·L^-1, respectively. The concentrations of phenolic compounds and phthalate esters in the effluents were higher than that of steroids estrogens. The analysis of the concentration in various ten countries showed that steroids estrogens, phenolic compounds and phthalate esters in sewage plant effluents were detected with high concentration in Canada, Spain and China, respectively.     

南京市大气气溶胶中酞酸酯的分布特征

利用分级采样器采样 ,高效液相色谱检测 ,研究了南京市春夏秋冬四季六大功能区 (工业区 ,交通区 ,文化区 ,商业区 ,园林风景区和居民生活区 )大气气溶胶中的酞酸酯 .结果表明 :南京市大气气溶胶中检出的酞酸酯有 :邻苯二甲酸二甲酯 (DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 (DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 (DEHP) ,其含量随功能区和季节而变化 ,平均浓度具有工业区 >居民区 >交通区 >商业区 >文化区 >园林风景区和秋、冬季浓度高于春、夏季的分布特征     

Occurrence and migration of microplastics and plasticizers in different wastewater and sludge treatment units in municipal wastewater treatment plant

● Reduce the quantifying MPs time by using Nile red staining. ● The removal rate of MPs and PAEs in wastewater and sludge were investigated. ● MPs and PAEs were firstly analyzed during thermal hydrolysis treatment. ● The removal of PAEs from wastewater and sludge was mainly biodegradation. Microplastics (MPs) and plasticizers, such as phthalate esters (PAEs), were frequently detected in municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTP). Previous research mainly studied the removal of MPs and PAEs in wastewater. However, the occurrence of MPs and PAEs in the sludge was generally ignored. To comprehensively investigate the occurrence and the migration behaviors of MPs and PAEs in MWTP, a series of representative parameters including the number, size, color, shape of MPs, and the concentrations of PAEs in wastewater and sludge were systematically investigated. In this study, the concentrations of MPs in the influent and effluent were 15.46±0.37 and 0.30±0.14 particles/L. The MP removal efficiency of 98.1% was achieved and about 73.8% of MPs were accumulated in the sludge in the MWTP. The numbers of MPs in the sludge before and after digestion were 4.40±0.14 and 0.31±0.01 particles/g (dry sludge), respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) analysis showed that the main types of MPs were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS). Six PAEs, including phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), ortho dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), and bis(2-ethyl) hexyl phthalate (DEHP), were detected in the MWTP. The concentrations of total PAEs (ΣPAEs) in the influent and effluent were 76.66 and 6.28 µg/L, respectively. The concentrations of ΣPAEs in the sludge before and after digestion were 152.64 and 31.70 µg/g, respectively. In the process of thermal hydrolysis, the number and size of MPs decreased accompanied by the increase of the plasticizer concentration.     

环境雌激素对男性生育因子的破坏作用

本文介绍了环境雌激素多氯联苯(PCBs)和酞酸酯(PEs)对男性生育因子的破坏作用,以及PCBs和PEs对精液参数的作用机制．对生育和不育男性的精液参数间的差异、精液异雌激素和精液参数间的相关性,以及不同范畴的不育男性精液质量的分析表明,PCBs和PEs对无明显病原学的不育男性的精液质量可能有破坏作用．