共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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随着碲在工业上的广泛应用和对环境的污染,人们对它的生物学效应、地球化学特征以及与存在状态、价态的关系日趋关心。因此,环境样品中痕量的不同价态碲的分别测定,已为分析化学工作者所重视。其中氢化法原子吸收和无焰原子吸收法报导较多[1—9]。 我们在用巯基棉纤维富集多种微量元素[10—12]、分离有机汞与无机汞[13]、砷(Ⅲ)与砷(Ⅴ)[14]、锑(Ⅲ)与锑(Ⅴ)[15]、硒(Ⅳ)与硒(Ⅵ)(16)的基础上,提出利用巯基棉对碲(Ⅳ)和碲(Ⅵ)截然不同的吸附性能加以分离富集,然后用氢化法原子吸收分别测定的新方法。 本法与文献报导的数种方法相比,富集倍数大、测定灵敏度高、分离简便、选择性强,且有效地消除了多种共存元素干扰,可直接准确测定环境水样中痕量的碲(Ⅳ)和碲(Ⅵ)。 相似文献
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X射线荧光光谱测定土壤和水系沉积物中的主元素和痕量元素 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
采用X射线荧光法分析土壤和沉积物中22种元素含量,以水系沉积物标样(GSD)做为标准样品,回归方法求取各元素的工作曲线常数,元素间效应的影响系数和谱线重叠校正系数,散射内标法和经验系数法共同校正基体效应。用本方法分析了西藏土壤标准参考物(83401)和水系沉积物标准(81101)中的多种元素,结果与标准值或参考值一致。方法简便、快速、有较好的检出下限和准确度。 相似文献
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微波消解—电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定植物中痕量稀土元素 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定植物中痕量稀土元素(REEs)的方法。详细讨论了测定稀土元素的质谱干扰及基体的抑制效应,采用代数法可有效地校正质谱干扰,内标法可以补偿基体的抑制效应。根据植物标准参考物质(GSV-2,GSV-4)的分析结果评价方法的准确性。在微波条件下,HF/HClO4/HNO3混合体系能快速而有效地分解植物样品,直接稀释后用ICP-MS测定其中的稀土元素。 相似文献
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本实验室前期获得了一株假单胞菌MBR(Pseudomonas sp.MBR),能够在好氧环境以有机碳源为电子供体,将可溶性强、毒性高的亚碲酸盐还原为无毒的不溶性碲单质.本文主要报道对该菌好氧还原亚碲酸盐为碲单质的特性研究,结果表明,该菌对高浓度的亚碲酸钠具有抗性并还原为单质,由于碳源提供的电子供体不同,该菌对亚碲酸盐的最小抑制浓度(MIC)有较大差异,其中以丙酮酸为碳源的MIC最高,达到2 mmol/L.扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察显示亚碲酸钠的毒性使细胞的形态发生了严重变形,细胞膜有裂解的迹象,还原的Te单质大量积累在细胞质内. 相似文献
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疏水性有机物和有机酸碱溶解度的估算 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
本文从理论上建立了疏水性有机物和任意pH条件下有机酸碱溶解度的估算方法,并估算了不同类型有机物的溶解度,和实测值比较,结构和辛醇相近的有机物吻合较好;结构不同,则有一定的偏差,这是由于假设有机物在辛醇中的活度系物等于1所致。经校正后得到了较好的结果。 相似文献
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ASD—ICP—MS联合快速测定土壤中部分金属元素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
土壤环境质量例行监测正在全国展开,如何准确快速分析土壤中的金属含量成为当务之急。采用HNO3-HCl-HF—HClO4体系在全自动消解仪(ASD)上对土壤进行前处理,以50.0μg/L的铑作内标,电感耦合等离子体-质谱仪同时测定《土壤环境质量标准》的7种元素:Cd、As、Cu、Ph、Cr、Zn、Ni。各元素的方法检出限为0.003~0.40mg/kg,相对标准偏差小于6.0%,土壤标样的测定值与标准值吻合。该方法简便快捷、灵敏度高、重现性好,为大批量土壤重金属元素含量的快速测定提供了可靠地消解-分析方法。 相似文献
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The concentration of 210Po, an alpha emitter from the natural uranium series was measured in the soft tissues (total), shell, and different organs - digestive glands, gills, mantle and foot - of the freshwater mussel, Parreysia favidens (Benson), collected from the river Kaveri, at Tiruchirapalli in South India. the analyses were made in three size groups based on shell length (Group 1: 2-4 cm; Group 2: 4-5 cm; Group 3: 5-6 cm). the soft tissues of the mussel accumulated higher concentrations of 210Po (74.0-125.5 Bq kg-1 fresh) than the shell (2.9-3.9 Bq kg-1 fresh). Further, younger mussels (1 group) showed higher concentrations (125.5+2.0 Bq kg-1 fresh) in total soft tissues than older ones (III Group) (74.0+1.6 Bq kg-1 fresh); concentration factors were 1.59x 105 in I group and 9.37 × 104 in III group. the 210Po was observed to be non-uniformly distributed among the internal organs, which maintained the following descending order with reference to 210Po accumulation: digestive glands, ranging from 286.2+3.5 Bq kg-1 fresh to 43+1.3 Bq kg-1 fresh. the concentration of 210Po in the mussels was distinctly higher than that in the grass, Echinochloa colonum (J. Koenig), and carp, Cirrhinus cirrhosa (Bloch), from the same river. These data indicate that younger mussels could be used as an excellent biological indicator of 210Po and among soft tissues, digestive glands are preferable to other tissues to monitor the distribution of 210Po in the riverine system. 相似文献
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Origin and Distribution of Suspended Organic Matter As Inferred From Carbon Isotope Composition in A Mediterranean Semi-Enclosed Marine System 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A. Mazzola G. Sar F. Venezia M. Caruso D. Catalano S. Hauser 《Chemistry and Ecology》1999,16(2):215-238
The origin and distribution of suspended organic matter, the trophic features and the stable carbon isotopic composition of particulate organic carbon (POC) were studied monthly in a Western Mediterranean semi-enclosed basin. Sampling stations were selected as a function of wind-exposure and the degree of vegetation cover and then compared with an adjacent unvegetated site. the predominant vegetation was seagrass (Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa) and Caulerpa prolifera. Water samples were analyzed for total suspended matter (inorganic and organic fractions), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll-a and phaeopigments), dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon and their isotopic composition. Temperature and salinity were also measured at the same sampling sites within range of Mediterranean limits. the suspended organic matter concentration was 1.77 ± 1.55 mg l-1; the chlorophyll-a concentration was low (0.35 ± 0.24 μg l-1); the disolved organic carbon concentration was 2,140 ± 2,010 μg l-1; the particulate organic carbon concentration was 212 ± 106 μg l-1 and the isotopic composition was 18.77 ± 2.51%°. There were significant temporal differences except for phaeopigments, POC and its POC isotopic composition, and there were no spatial differences other than for δ13C. This picture highlighted a general seasonal trend and trophical features similar to adjacent sea.
Spatial differences in δ13C showed that the source of suspended organic matter was different between stations as that between sources and wind-hydrodynamic constraints. In 相似文献
Spatial differences in δ13C showed that the source of suspended organic matter was different between stations as that between sources and wind-hydrodynamic constraints. In 相似文献
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Jantanee Jamsangtong Preeda Parkpian R. D. Delaune Aroon Jugsujinda 《Chemistry and Ecology》2004,20(4):241-256
Adsorption and desorption of 137Cs by acid sulphate soils from the Nakhon Nayok province, South Central Plain of Thailand located near the Ongkarak Nuclear Research Center (ONRC) were investigated using a batch equilibration technique. The influence of added limestone (12 and 18 tons ha-1) on 137Cs adsorption-desorption was studied. Based on Freundlich isotherms, both adsorption and desorption of 137Cs were nonlinear. A large portion (98.26-99.97%) of added 137Cs (3.7 × 103-7.03 × 105 Bq l-1) was sorbed by the soils with or without added lime. The higher lime treatments, however, favoured stronger adsorption of 137Cs as compared with soil with no lime, which was supported by higher Kads values. The addition of lime, the cation exchange capacity and pH of the soil increased and hence favoured the stronger adsorption of 137Cs. Acid sulphate soils with a high clay content, medium to high organic matter, high CEC, and predominant clay types consisting of a mixture of illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite were the main soil factors contributing to the high 137Cs adsorption capacity. Competing cations such as NH4+, K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ had little influence on 137Cs adsorption as compared with liming, where a significant positive correlation between Kads and soil pH was observed. The 137Cs adsorption-desorption characteristics of the acid sulphate soils studied exhibited a very strong irreversible sorption pattern. Only a small portion (0.09-0.58%) of 137Cs adsorbed at the highest added initial 137Cs concentration was desorbed by four successive soil extractions. Results clearly demonstrated that Nakhon Nayok province acid sulphate soils have a high 137Cs adsorption capacity, which limits the 137Cs bioavailability. 相似文献
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Yuqing Xu Zedong Lu Wenjun Sun Xiaohui Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(6):131
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Mauro Mecozzi Demetria Cardarilli Eva Pietrantonio Marina Amici 《Chemistry and Ecology》2001,17(4):239-254
In this paper a method for the study of the qualitative similarity of extractable humic substance (EHS) in marine sediments based on the realisation of UV spectral library of EHS is described. the spectral library was built including the digitised spectra of humic substance extracted from several marine sediments (46 samples) and two samples of standard materials (lignin sulphonate and humic substance) in a Statistica data file. the data matrix was elaborated by means of different multivariate statistic techniques such as Cluster Analysis (CA), Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and the univariate technique Spectral Correlation Analysis (SCA). This approach allows us to show the contribution of different organic compounds (aromatic, lipid and acid) to the composition of EHS and moreover it evidences also the structural characteristics of EHS in terms of similarities in the qualitative composition of samples such as presence of terrestrial and/or vegetal contributions. the UV library is an objective tool to study the qualitative composition of EHS and it represents a complementary approach to the most common methods based on the application of spectroscopic (IR, 13CNMR), potentiometric and chromatographic techniques. 相似文献
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Yang PAN Xiangru ZHANG Jianping ZHAI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(1):121
When bromide/iodide is present in source water, hypobromous acid/hypoiodous acid will be formed with addition of chlorine, chloramine, or other disinfectants. Hypobromous acid/hypoiodous acid undergoes reactions with natural organic matter in source water to form numerous brominated/iodinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In this study, tap water samples were collected from eight cities in China. With the aid of electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry by setting precursor ion scans of m/z 35, m/z 81, and m/z 126.9, whole pictures of polar chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated DBPs in the tap water samples were revealed for the first time. Numerous polar halogenated DBPs were detected, including haloacetic acids, newly identified halogenated phenols, and many new/unknown halogenated compounds. Total organic chlorine, total organic bromine, and total organic iodine were also measured to indicate the total levels of all chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated DBPs in the tap water samples. The total organic chlorine concentrations ranged from 26.8 to 194.0 μg·L–1 as Cl, with an average of 109.2 μg·L–1 as Cl; the total organic bromine concentrations ranged from below detection limit to 113.3 μg·L–1 as Br, with an average of 34.7 μg·L–1 as Br; the total organic iodine concentrations ranged from below detection limit to 16.4 μg·L–1 as I, with an average of 9.1 μg·L–1 as I; the total organic halogen concentrations ranged from 31.3 to 220.4 μg·L–1 as Cl, with an average of 127.2 μg·L–1 as Cl. 相似文献
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R. Danovaro A. Pusceddu A. Covazzi Harriague D. Marrale A. Dell'sanno M. Petrillo G. Albertelli N. Della Croce 《Chemistry and Ecology》1999,16(1):7-30
The structure of the benthic microbial loop was studied in order to understand heterotrophic pathways in the suboxic sediments of the Rapallo Harbour in autumn, 1996. Sediments were characterized by the large accumulation of organic detritus (17.2 - 21.4 μg chloroplastic pigment equivalents (CPE)g-1; carbohydrates and proteins: 7.8-16.7 and 6.7-7.5 mg g-1). Due to the high organic load, benthic bacteria and protozoa displayed extremely high densities (1.4 × 109 cells g-1 and 26.9 × 105 cells g-1). Meiofauna, protozoa and bacteria showed an approximate biomass ratio of 1:2:20. the presence of large amounts of organic matter appeared to determine a shift of the benthic size structure toward the increasing dominance of the smaller components of the benthic food webs. These data indicate that the sediments of the Rapallo Harbour were dominated by microbial biomasses to a larger extent than in non-food limited environments, characterized by a lower organic contamination. On the results presented in this study, the microbial dominance in highly organic enriched sediments can be explained with: (1) a reduction of the top-down control and grazing pressure of meio- and macrofauna on the microbial components; (2) the opportunistic composition and high metabolic activity of the microbial components. 相似文献
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Crude-oil-inundated soils were collected from the Agbada oil field in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria 2 months after the recorded incidence of oil spillage. The soils were taken on the second day of reconnaissance from three replicate quadrats, at surface (0-15 cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm) depths, using the grid sampling technique. The total extractable hydrocarbon content (THC) of the polluted soils ranged from 1.24 × 102 to 3.86 × 104 mg/kg at surface and subsurface depths (no overlap in standard errors at a 95% confidence level). Greenhouse trials for possible reclamation were later carried out using 10-100 g of (NH4)2SO4, KH2PO4 and KCl (NPK) fertilizer as nutrient supplements. Nitrogen as NO3-N and potassium were optimally enhanced at 2% (w/w) and 3% (w/w) of the NPK supplementation, respectively. Phosphorus, which was inherently more enhanced in the soils than the other nutrients, maintained the same level of impact after treatment with 20 g of NPK fertilizer. Total organic carbon (%TOC), total organic matter (%TOM), pH, and percentage moisture content all provided evidence of enhanced mineralization in the fertilizer-treated soils. If reclamation of the crude-oil-inundated soils is construed as the return to normal levels of metabolic activities of the soils, then the application of the inorganic fertilizers at such prescribed levels would duly accelerate the remediation process. However, this would be limited to levels of pollution empirically defined by such THC values obtained in this study. 相似文献
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Ulf Roar Aakenes 《Chemistry and Ecology》1995,10(1):61-69
The principles and operation of a gamma radiation sensor mounted on oceanographic buoys are described. the sensor has proved rugged in severe weather conditions and has satisfactory detection limits and accuracy. Continuous monitoring of artificially produced γ-emitters such as 137Cs, 134Cs, 131I, 133I, 132Te, naturally occuring emitters such as 40k and 214Bi in open sea conditions can provide important information in critical situations. 相似文献