共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 104 毫秒
1.
《环境化学》2016,(6)
以地下水水质检测数据为基础,从污染源分布及水文地质条件入手,对定靖油气田区地下水有机污染分布特征及其成因进行了研究,本文检测了卤代烃15项、氯代苯5项、单环芳烃5项、有机氯农药11项和多环芳烃1项,结果发现该地区地下水有机污染具有检出种类少,检出率高,浓度低,超标率低的特点.地下水中检出的有机污染物共有10种,分别为甲苯、苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,2-二氯丙烷、1,2-二氯苯、1,2,4-三氯苯和苯并(a)芘,检出的9项有机污染物含量均低于《地下水质量标准》(GB/T14848—2007)三类水限值.潜水的检出项比承压水的检出项多,检出率普遍比承压水的检出率高.不同地貌类型的有机污染物检出率为黄土区(28.87%)≈平原区(27.76%)沙漠滩地区(11.11%)河谷区(3.33%).最后,从工业污染源、有机物理化性质和水文地质条件对有机污染分布特征的成因进行了阐述. 相似文献
2.
《环境化学》2015,(8)
在新疆焉耆盆地平原区采集了42组地下水水样,检测有机污染物共计39项.对所有水样测试结果的统计显示,焉耆盆地平原区地下水中检出的有机污染物共有3种,分别是三氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷和1,2-二氯苯,检出率分别为30.95%、2.38%和2.38%,检出的3项有机污染物含量均低于饮用水标准;不同含水层类型的有机污染物检出率为潜水(50.00%)深层承压水(33.33%)浅层承压水(27.27%);不同土地利用类型的有机污染物检出率为牧草地(42.86%)耕地(34.48%)建设用地(16.67%);有机污染物14个检出点大部分分布在包气带岩性为亚黏土(41.18%)与亚砂土(40.00%)的区域,其余分布在包气带岩性为砂砾石(20.00%)的区域;地下水中检出的有机污染物不是来自于地表水的补给;深层承压水检测出有机污染物是由于有机污染物垂向渗透污染以及地下水混合开采、止水不佳所致. 相似文献
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本文采用有机污染现状评价法和环境影响度评价法对新疆库尔勒市平原区22组地下水水样进行评价,并对其影响因素进行了分析.地下水有机污染物检测结果显示,无有机污染物超标项,有6项有机污染物检出,分别为反-1,2-二氯乙烯、顺-1,2-二氯乙烯、三氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯乙烯和甲苯,检出率最高的指标是甲苯(检出率为27.3%),其余5项检出率均为4.5%.地下水有机污染现状评价结果表明,研究区内甲苯未污染占72.7%、轻度污染占27.3%,其余5项未污染占95.5%、轻度污染占4.5%.地下水环境影响度评价结果表明,研究区地下水体中的有机污染物对人和环境没有明显的潜在危害.库尔勒市平原区地下水中有机污染物检出主要受工业污染源、生活污染源、农业污染源、土地利用类型和包气带岩性的影响. 相似文献
4.
焦化厂多环芳烃污染场地的环境评价实证研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过实地调查某焦化厂污染场地污染现状,结果表明:该场地土壤和地下水以多环芳烃(PAHs)有机类污染为主,土壤中苯并(仅)芘和多环芳烃污染以1.5m以内表层土污染为主,随着深度的增加浓度逐渐降低,弱透水层表现出良好的阻隔作用。沿着地下水流动方向,地下水中多环芳烃浓度逐渐降低,经过约400m的迁移,由17296μg/L降至111μg/L;苯并(α)芘经过200m的迁移,由18.3μg/L降至0,地下水流动导致污染物在包气带横向扩散。1号孔、3号孔和4号孔所在地表层土壤中苯并(α)芘的单个污染物的致癌风险分别为0.0278、0.0209和1.496,远远超出可接受水平,因此上述孔位所在地附近表层土壤需重点治理。 相似文献
5.
水体有机污染是水质污染的主要问题。衡量有机污染的程度,最好进行有机污染的全分析,但十分困难。除规定的有毒有机污染物外,一般只测定有机污染综合指标来定量地反映水质有机污染程度。 有机污染综合指标主要有:生化需氧量(BOD) 是间接表示水体中可被生物降解的有机物含量的指标。化学需氧量(COD)是表征水中能被强氧化剂氧化分解的有机物含量的参数。总有机碳(TOC) 是以水样中的含碳量来表示有机物含量的,总需氧量(TOD)表示水中含C、N、H、S、P、M(金属) 的有机物完全氧化生成稳定无机氧化态的需氧量。紫外吸收(UVA或UV)是利用芳香族和一些具有不饱和双键的化合物对220—250nm波段的紫外光有强烈吸收的特性来测定污水中有机物的含量。此外尚有碳-氯仿提取物(CCE)和碳-醇提取物 (CAE),它们是先用活性碳吸附,再用氯仿或乙醇提取,脱去溶剂,恒重残渣即得结果。此法对含有杀虫剂的水样测定有明显的优点。主要有机污染综合指标测定方法的比较见表1。 相似文献
6.
内蒙古河套地区水体中砷的地球化学特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采样分析典型地砷病区域——内蒙古河套地区地下水、地表水和自来水中砷含量和形态,研究河套地区水体中砷分布状况,并采集山西山阴县大营村(地下水)和山东招远地区水样(地表水、地下水),以用于污染特性比较和源解析。结果发现,内蒙古河套地区和山西省山阴县大营村作为生活饮用水的地下水中砷含量超标率较高,其中内蒙古临河区狼山镇先锋七社和山西大营村地下水砷含量平均值分别为368.9和443.5μg.L-1,分别有75%和100%的水样超过GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》中农村小型集中和分散式供水砷含量限值。内蒙古五原县乃日乡的175个水样中,也有59%的地下水样砷含量高于50μg.L-1,且砷形态主要以无机砷为主。河套地区地表水水样砷含量大部分在50μg.L-1以下,部分自来水(水源为地下水)样砷含量超过生活饮用水标准。 相似文献
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白洋淀地区水中有机污染物的定性分析 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
本文通过液-液萃取,色-质谱联用技术,HP-5型石英毛细管对白洋淀地区三个有琐代表性的取样点水样进行了有机物定性分析,分离出几十种有机化合物,将化合物的种类,数量,相对大小进行比较,分析结果表明,白洋淀地区水样中,石油烃类及有毒有害有机物污染较严重,不同取样点中污染的浓度种类各不相同,水层较浅,人为搅动较大的地区水样中,有机物的种类及浓度表现明显增加,说明水体沉积物和陆地土壤中的颗粒对有机污染物有 相似文献
9.
山东省地下水硝酸盐溯源研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对山东全省农村地区进行地下水取样,采用离子交换色层法对地下水NO3--N质量浓度大于10 mg·L-1的地下水样品进行预处理,做溯源研究,同时采集当地植物、化学肥料、人畜粪便、土壤等样品,测定δ15N值,以针对山东地区,对现存的δ15N值数据库进行完善与补充,使本研究更具代表性与准确性。研究结果表明,如以研究区域整体为单位,有35.45%地下水样品的NO3--N来自于粪肥污染,有27.1%的地下水样品是受化肥污染,还有37.45%的地下水样品的NO3--N污染来自于化肥、粪肥以及生活污水的混合污染。作者还进一步分析了地下水中NO3--N平均质量浓度高于20 mg·L-1的烟台和潍坊,结果表明,烟台地区的地下水NO3--N污染有55.56%来自于粪肥污染,有5.56%来自于化肥污染,有38.88%来自于化肥、粪肥以及生活污水的混合污染;潍坊地区的地下水NO3--N污染有16.13%来自于粪肥污染,有48.39%来自于化肥污染,还有35.48%来自于化肥、粪肥以及生活污水的混合污染。 相似文献
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Origin and assessment of groundwater pollution and associated health risk: a case study in an industrial park,northwest China 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Peiyue Li Jianhua Wu Hui Qian Xinsheng Lyu Hongwei Liu 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2014,36(4):693-712
Groundwater quality which relates closely to human health has become as important as its quantity due to the demand for safe water. In the present study, an entropy-weighted fuzzy water quality index (WQI) has been proposed for performing groundwater quality assessment in and around an industrial park, northwest China, where domestic water requirements are solely met by groundwater. The human health risk was assessed with the model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. In addition, the sources of major ions and main contaminants were also analyzed. The study shows that groundwater in the study area has been contaminated conjunctively by natural processes and industrial and agricultural activities. Nitrate, manganese (Mn), fluoride, total dissolved solids, total hardness and sulfate are major contaminants influencing groundwater quality. Nitrate and heavy metals such as Mn are mainly affected by human agricultural activities and industrial production, while other contaminants are mainly originated from mineral weathering and water–rock interactions. The results of water quality assessment suggest that half of the groundwater samples collected are of medium quality thus require pretreatment before human consumption. The mean health risk caused by the consumption of contaminated groundwater in the area is 8.42 × 10?5 per year which surpasses the maximum acceptable level (5 × 10?5 per year) recommended by the International Commission on Radiologic Protection. The entropy-weighted fuzzy WQI proposed in this study can not only assign proper weights to parameters but also treat uncertainties associated with water quality classification. This study will be of interest to international environmentalists and hydrogeologists. It will also be useful in regional groundwater management and protection. 相似文献
12.
There is a rapidly emerging and potentially huge market for the remediation of contaminated groundwater in China. The Chinese government published a Water Action Plan in April 2015, a Soil Action Plan in May 2016, and a draft Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law in June 2017. All of these new policies and regulations put pressures on local governments and contaminated site owners, obliging them to conduct site investigation and to cleanup contaminated groundwater. The Chinese population in northern regions heavily depend on groundwater, with nearly 70% of water supply coming from aquifer sources in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. However, poor groundwater quality due to natural geochemical background and anthropogeic pollution is a serious concern, with poor or very poor quality water observed in nearly 80% of groundwater monitoring wells in 17 northern provinces. Shallow groundwater in many areas has been contaminated by toxic pollutants such as heavy metals and chlorinated organic compounds. There is an urgent need to better understand the situation and to conduct groundwater remediation at contaminated sites. The Chinese government is investing heavily in the research and development for groundwater remediation, which is expected to greatly add to the quality and quantity of groundwater remediation projects in the near future. 相似文献
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ULPU VA¨ISA¨NEN 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1997,19(3):127-134
The best groundwater resources in Finland are generally situated in glaciofluvial formations with thick sand and gravel deposits. The glaciofluvial formation of Jokkavaara, in northern Finland near the town of Rovaniemi, is important for both its groundwater reserves and its sand and gravel resources. The groundwater and mineral resources of Jokkavaara was studied to define their quantity and quality, and to develop a land-use plan which would help civil servants of the municipality to make the decisions necessary for exploiting sand and gravel. The land-use plan shows the areas where exploiting mineral resources is not allowed or recommended because of the risks of contamination of groundwater, or because of injurious effects on the environment caused by noise and dust from gravel pits, or by spoilt landscape. The size of Jokkavaara is 5 km2, and its mineral resources are about 53 million cubic metres. The sand and gravel deposits are at the most, 50 m thick. Risks of contamination by fallout are small, due to the thick sand and gravel deposits above groundwater level. Exploiting mineral resources have no effect on groundwater quality either. By the land-use plan and legislation, good groundwater can also be protected in the future. Legislation limits the exploitation of mineral resources especially in groundwater areas. 相似文献
15.
Sheehan P Dewhurst RE James S Callaghan A Connon R Crane M 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2003,25(1):9-16
Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 requires environmental regulators to assess the risk of contaminants leaching from soils into groundwater (DETR, 1999). This newly introduced legislation assumes a link between soil and groundwater chemistry, in which rainwater leaches contaminants from soil into the saturated zone. As the toxicity of both groundwater and overlying soils is dependent upon the chemicals present, their partitioning and their bioavailability, similar patterns of soil, leachates and groundwater toxicity should be observed at contaminated sites. Soil and groundwater samples were collected from different contaminated land sites in an urban area, and used to determine relationships between soil chemistry and toxicity, mobility of contaminants, and groundwater chemistry and toxicity. Soils were leached using water to mimic rainfall, and both the soils and leachates tested using bioassays. Soil bioassays were carried out using Eisenia fetida, whilst groundwater and leachates were tested using the Microtox test system and Daphnia magna 48 h acute tests. Analysis of the bioassay responses demonstrated that a number of the samples were toxic to test organisms, however, there were no significant statistical relationships between soil, groundwater and leachate toxicity. Nor were there significant correlations between soil, leachates and groundwater chemistry. 相似文献
16.
M. A. Awad A.A. Nada M.S. Hamza K. Froehlich 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1995,17(3):147-153
Chemical and isotopic investigations indicate that the recharge source for the groundwater in the Tahta district, adjacent to the Nile, is mainly from the Nile water seeping from irrigation channels. The water's chemical type is sodium bicarbonate, with values of oxygen-18 and deuterium close to that of Nile water. Another minor source of recharge to the far west of the Nile bank is palaeowater. This water's chemical type is sodium sulphate and sodium chloride. The change of water quality in some groundwater samples could be due to the extensive use of fertilizers to improve soil characteristics in new reclamation projects. In addition, these wells are slightly depleted in oxygen-18, deuterium and tritium. Recommendations for the periodic monitoring of groundwater quality for proper use are given. 相似文献
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Jalali M 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2007,29(5):357-374
The Faminin area in the semi-arid Hamadan state, western Iran is facing a serious deficiency in groundwater resources due
to an increasing demand associated with rapid population growth and agricultural development. The chemical composition of
78 well samples throughout the Faminin area was determined with the aim of evaluating the concentration of the background
ions and identifying the major hydrogeochemical processes that control the groundwater chemistry. The similarity between rock
and groundwater chemistries in the recharge area indicates a significant rock-water interaction. The hydrochemical types Na–HCO3 and Na–SO4 are the predominate forms in the groundwater, followed by water types Ca–HCO3 and Na–Cl. The high values of electrical conductivity and high concentrations of Na+, Cl−, SO42− and NO3− in the groundwater appeared to be caused by the dissolution of mineral phases and would appeared to be caused by anthropogenic
activities, such as intense agricultural practices (application of fertilizers, irrigation practice), urban and industrial
waste discharge, among others. 相似文献
19.
Xiangyu Guan Fei Liu Yuxuan Xie Lingling Zhu Bin Han 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2013,35(4):535-549
Pollution of groundwater with chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) is a serious environmental problem which is threatening human health. Microorganisms are the major participants in degrading these contaminants. Here, groundwater contaminated for a decade with CAHs was investigated. Numerical simulation and field measurements were used to track and forecast the migration and transformation of the pollutants. The diversity, abundance, and possible activity of groundwater microbial communities at CAH-polluted sites were characterized by molecular approaches. The number of microorganisms was between 5.65E+05 and 1.49E+08 16S rRNA gene clone numbers per liter according to quantitative real-time PCR analysis. In 16S rRNA gene clone libraries constructed from samples along the groundwater flow, eight phyla were detected, and Proteobacteria were dominant (72.8 %). The microbial communities varied with the composition and concentration of pollutants. Meanwhile, toluene monooxygenases and methane monooxygenases capable of degradation of PCE and TCE were detected, demonstrating the major mechanism for PCE and TCE degradation and possibility for in situ remediation by addition of oxygen in this study. 相似文献